ASTM E1682-08
(Guide)Standard Guide for Modeling the Colorimetric Properties of a CRT-Type Visual Display Unit
Standard Guide for Modeling the Colorimetric Properties of a CRT-Type Visual Display Unit
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The color displayed on a VDU is an important aspect of the reproduction of colored images. The VDU is often used as the design, edit, and approval medium. Images are placed into the computer by some sort of capture device, such as a camera or scanner, modified by the computer operator, and sent on to a printer or color separation generator, or even to a paint dispenser or textile dyer. The color of the final product is to have some well-defined relationship to the original. The most common medium for establishing the relationship between input, edit, and output color (device-independent color space) is the CIE tristimulus space. This guide identifies the procedures for deriving a model that relates the digital computer settings of a VDU to the CIE tristimulus values of the colored light emitted by the primaries.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for use in establishing the operating characteristics of a visual display unit (VDU), such as a cathode ray tube (CRT). Those characteristics define the relationship between the digital information supplied by a computer, which defines an image, and the resulting spectral radiant exitance and CIE tristimulus values. The mathematical description of this relationship can be used to provide a nearby device-independent model for the accurate display of color and colored images on the VDU. The CIE tristimulus values referred to here are those calculated from the CIE 1931 2° standard colorimetric (photopic) observer.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E1682 − 08
StandardGuide for
Modeling the Colorimetric Properties of a CRT-Type Visual
1
Display Unit
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1682; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This guide provides directions and mathematical models for deriving the relationship between
digital settings in a computer-controlled visual display unit and the resulting photometric and
colorimetricoutputofthedisplayunit.Theaccuratedeterminationofthisrelationshipiscriticaltothe
goal of accurate, device-independent color simulation on a visual display unit.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This guide is intended for use in establishing the 3.1 Definitions of appearance terms in Terminology E284
operating characteristics of a visual display unit (VDU), such are applicable to this guide.
as a cathode ray tube (CRT). Those characteristics define the
3.2 Acronyms:
relationship between the digital information supplied by a
3.2.1 CRT, n—anabbreviationforthetermcathoderaytube,
computer, which defines an image, and the resulting spectral
a device for projecting a stream of electrons onto a phosphor-
radiant exitance and CIE tristimulus values. The mathematical
coated screen in such a way as to display characters and
descriptionofthisrelationshipcanbeusedtoprovideanearby
graphics.
device-independentmodelfortheaccuratedisplayofcolorand
3.2.2 DAC, n—anabbreviationforthetermdigitaltoanalog
colored images on the VDU. The CIE tristimulus values
converter, a device for accepting a digital computer bit pattern
referred to here are those calculated from the CIE 1931 2°
and translating it into an analog voltage of a prescribed value.
standard colorimetric (photopic) observer.
3.2.3 LUT, n—an abbreviation for the term look up table, a
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
process in which input and output values are mapped in an
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
n-dimensional table such that, for a given input value, the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
appropriate output value is “looked-up” from the table.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.2.4 VDU, n—an abbreviation for the term visual display
unit, a device interfaced to a computer for displaying text and
2. Referenced Documents
graphics.
2 3.2.4.1 Discussion—A CRT is one type of VDU.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E284Terminology of Appearance
4. Summary of Guide
E1336Test Method for Obtaining Colorimetric Data From a
Visual Display Unit by Spectroradiometry
4.1 EverycolorstimulusgeneratedonaVDUisrealizedby
E1455Practice for Obtaining Colorimetric Data from a
the linear (additive) superposition of the spectral power distri-
Visual Display Unit Using Tristimulus Colorimeters
butionofthreeprimaries.TestMethodE1336describeshowto
measure the spectral power distributions and reduce them to
CIE tristimulus values. Practice E1455 describes how to
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and
measure the CIE tristimulus values of the primaries directly.
Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.06 on Image
An exact characterization of the VDU would require measure-
Based Color Measurement.
ment of the spectral power distribution at all possible combi-
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally
nations of primary settings. Modern, computer-controlled
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E1682–05. DOI:
10.1520/E1682-08.
VDUs will provide 256 or more levels of each of the three
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
primaries. This results in more than 16777000 unique
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
settings, which is far too many combinations to be measured
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. practically (see Note 1). Instead, a characteristic function
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1682 − 08
relating the radiant output of the screen to the digital inputs measurements with pixels near the edge of the display illumi-
fromthecomputermustbederived.Proceduresareoutlinedfor nated fully. The display may have to be considered unusable
deriving a characteristic function for a computer-controlled for critical applications if this assumptio
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E1682–05 Designation:E1682–08
Standard Guide for
Modeling the Colorimetric Properties of a CRT-Type Visual
1
Display Unit
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1682; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This guide provides directions and mathematical models for deriving the relationship between
digital settings in a computer-controlled visual display unit and the resulting photometric and
colorimetricoutputofthedisplayunit.Theaccuratedeterminationofthisrelationshipiscriticaltothe
goal of accurate, device-independent color simulation on a visual display unit.
1. Scope
1.1 Thisguideisintendedforuseinestablishingtheoperatingcharacteristicsofavisualdisplayunit(VDU),suchasacathode
raytube(CRT).Thosecharacteristicsdefinetherelationshipbetweenthedigitalinformationsuppliedbyacomputer,whichdefines
an image, and the resulting spectral radiant exitance and CIE tristimulus values.The mathematical description of this relationship
can be used to provide a nearby device-independent model for the accurate display of color and colored images on theVDU.The
CIE tristimulus values referred to here are those calculated from the CIE 1931 2° standard colorimetric (photopic) observer.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E1336 Test Method for Obtaining Colorimetric Data fromFrom a Visual Display Unit by Spectroradiometry
E1455 Practice for Obtaining Colorimetric Data from a Visual Display Unit Using Tristimulus Colorimeters
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of appearance terms in Terminology E284 are applicable to this guide.
3.2 Acronyms:
3.2.1 CRT, n—an abbreviation for the term cathode ray tube, a device for projecting a stream of electrons onto a
phosphor-coated screen in such a way as to display characters and graphics.
3.2.2 DAC, n—anabbreviationforthetermdigitaltoanalogconverter,adeviceforacceptingadigitalcomputerbitpatternand
translating it into an analog voltage of a prescribed value.
3.2.3 LUT, n—an abbreviation for the term look up table, a process in which input and output values are mapped in an
n-dimensional table such that, for a given input value, the appropriate output value is “looked-up” from the table.
3.2.4 VDU, n—an abbreviation for the term visual display unit, a device interfaced to a computer for displaying text and
graphics.
3.2.4.1 Discussion—A CRT is one type of VDU.
4. Summary of Guide
4.1 EverycolorstimulusgeneratedonaVDUisrealizedbythelinear(additive)superpositionofthespectralpowerdistribution
of three primaries. Test Method E1336 describes how to measure the spectral power distributions and reduce them to CIE
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.06 on Appearance of
Displays. Image Based Color Measurement.
Current edition approved Jan.Dec. 1, 2005.2008. Published January 2005.2009. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20012005 as
E1682–96(2001). E1682–05.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1682–08
tristimulus values. Practice E1455 describes how to measure the CIE tristimulus values of the primaries directly. An exact
characterizationoftheVDUwouldrequiremeasurementofthespectralpowerdistributionatallpossiblecombinationsofprimary
settings. Modern, computer-controlled VDUs will provide 256 or more levels of each of the three primaries. This results in more
than 16777000 unique settings, which is far too many combinations to be measured practically (see Note 1). Instead, a
characteristicfunctionrelatingtheradiantoutputofthescreentothedigitalinputsfromthecomputermustbederive
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E1682–05 Designation:E1682–08
Standard Guide for
Modeling the Colorimetric Properties of a CRT-Type Visual
1
Display Unit
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1682; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This guide provides directions and mathematical models for deriving the relationship between
digital settings in a computer-controlled visual display unit and the resulting photometric and
colorimetricoutputofthedisplayunit.Theaccuratedeterminationofthisrelationshipiscriticaltothe
goal of accurate, device-independent color simulation on a visual display unit.
1. Scope
1.1 Thisguideisintendedforuseinestablishingtheoperatingcharacteristicsofavisualdisplayunit(VDU),suchasacathode
raytube(CRT).Thosecharacteristicsdefinetherelationshipbetweenthedigitalinformationsuppliedbyacomputer,whichdefines
an image, and the resulting spectral radiant exitance and CIE tristimulus values.The mathematical description of this relationship
can be used to provide a nearby device-independent model for the accurate display of color and colored images on theVDU.The
CIE tristimulus values referred to here are those calculated from the CIE 1931 2° standard colorimetric (photopic) observer.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E1336 Test Method for Obtaining Colorimetric Data fromFrom a Visual Display Unit by Spectroradiometry
E1455 Practice for Obtaining Colorimetric Data from a Visual Display Unit Using Tristimulus Colorimeters
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of appearance terms in Terminology E284 are applicable to this guide.
3.2 Acronyms:
3.2.1 CRT, n—an abbreviation for the term cathode ray tube, a device for projecting a stream of electrons onto a
phosphor-coated screen in such a way as to display characters and graphics.
3.2.2 DAC, n—anabbreviationforthetermdigitaltoanalogconverter,adeviceforacceptingadigitalcomputerbitpatternand
translating it into an analog voltage of a prescribed value.
3.2.3 LUT, n—an abbreviation for the term look up table, a process in which input and output values are mapped in an
n-dimensional table such that, for a given input value, the appropriate output value is “looked-up” from the table.
3.2.4 VDU, n—an abbreviation for the term visual display unit, a device interfaced to a computer for displaying text and
graphics.
3.2.4.1 Discussion—A CRT is one type of VDU.
4. Summary of Guide
4.1 EverycolorstimulusgeneratedonaVDUisrealizedbythelinear(additive)superpositionofthespectralpowerdistribution
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.06 on Appearance of
Displays.
CurrenteditionapprovedJan.1,2005.PublishedJanuary2005.Originallyapprovedin1995.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2001asE1682–96(2001).onImageBased
Color Measurement.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E1682–05.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1682–08
of three primaries. Test Method E1336 describes how to measure the spectral power distributions and reduce them to CIE
tristimulus values. Practice E1455 describes how to measure the CIE tristimulus values of the primaries directly. An exact
characterizationoftheVDUwouldrequiremeasurementofthespectralpowerdistributionatallpossiblecombinationsofprimary
settings. Modern, computer-controlled VDUs will provide 256 or more levels of each of the three primaries. This results in more
than 16777000 unique settings, which is far too many combinations to be measured practically (see Note 1). Instead, a
charac
...
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