ASTM D6731-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Aerobic, Aquatic Biodegradability of Lubricants or Lubricant Components in a Closed Respirometer
Standard Test Method for<!--ask about discussion in biodegradation def (keep?)--> Determining the Aerobic, Aquatic Biodegradability of Lubricants or Lubricant Components in a Closed Respirometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Results from this test method suggest the degree of aerobic, aquatic biodegradation of a lubricant or lubricant component. The rate and extent of oxygen consumption is measured upon exposure of the test material to an inoculum within the confines of a controlled laboratory setting. Test materials which achieve a high degree of biodegradation in this test may be assumed to easily biodegrade in many aerobic aquatic environments.
5.2 Because of the stringency of this test method, low results do not necessarily mean that the test material is not biodegradable under environmental conditions, but indicate that further testing is necessary to establish biodegradability.
5.3 If the pH value at the end of the test is outside the range from 6 to 8 and if the percentage degradation of the test material is less than 50 %, it is advisable to repeat the test with a lower concentration of the test material or a higher concentration of the buffer solution, or both.
5.4 A reference or control material known to biodegrade under the conditions of this test method is necessary in order to verify the activity of the inoculum. The test must be regarded as invalid and shall be repeated using a fresh inoculum if the reference material does not demonstrate biodegradation to the extent of >60 % of the ThO2 within 28 days.
5.5 Information on the toxicity of the test material to the inoculum may be useful in the interpretation of low biodegradation results. Toxicity of the test material to the inoculum may be evaluated by testing the test material in combination with the reference material in inhibition control systems. If an inhibition control is included, the test material is assumed to be inhibiting if the degradation percentage of the reference material is lower than 40 % (ISO 8192). In this case, it is advisable to repeat the test with lower concentrations of the test material.
5.6 Total oxygen utilization in the blank at the end of the test exceeding 60 mg O2/L invalid...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the degree of biodegradability of lubricants or their components in an aerobic aqueous medium on exposure to an inoculum under controlled laboratory conditions. This test method is an ultimate biodegradation test that measures oxygen demand in a closed respirometer.
1.2 This test method is suitable for evaluating the biodegradation of volatile as well as nonvolatile lubricants or lubricant components.
1.3 This test method is applicable to lubricants and lubricant components which are not toxic and not inhibitory to the test microorganisms at the test concentration.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards are given in Section 10.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6731 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Aerobic, Aquatic Biodegradability of
Lubricants or Lubricant Components in a Closed
1
Respirometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6731; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
degree of biodegradability of lubricants or their components in
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
an aerobic aqueous medium on exposure to an inoculum under
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
controlled laboratory conditions. This test method is an ulti- D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
mate biodegradation test that measures oxygen demand in a D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
closed respirometer. Fuels, and Lubricants
D4447 Guide for Disposal of Laboratory Chemicals and
1.2 This test method is suitable for evaluating the biodeg-
Samples
radation of volatile as well as nonvolatile lubricants or lubri-
D6384 Terminology Relating to Biodegradability and Eco-
cant components.
toxicity of Lubricants
1.3 Thistestmethodisapplicabletolubricantsandlubricant E943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Envi-
components which are not toxic and not inhibitory to the test
ronmental Fate
microorganisms at the test concentration. 3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 4259–1,2 Petroleum products–Determination and appli-
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
cation of precision data in relation to methods of test
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
ISO 6107-2 Water quality–Vocabulary–Part 2
standard.
ISO 8192 Water quality–Test for inhibition of oxygen con-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
sumption by activated sludge for carbonaceous and am-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
monium oxidation
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ISO 9408 Water quality–Evaluation of ultimate aerobic bio-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
degradability of organic compounds in aqueous medium
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
by determination of oxygen demand in a closed respirom-
Specific hazards are given in Section 10.
eter
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
4
2.3 OECD Standards:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
OECD 301F Ready Biodegradability-Manometric Re-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
spirometry
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on the ASTM website.
3
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Subcommittee D02.12 on Environmental Standards for Lubricants. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
Current edition approved April 1, 2022. Published April 2022. Originally Available from Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D6731 – 18. DOI: (OECD), 2 rue André Pascal, F-75775, Paris Cedex 16, France, http://
10.1520/D6731-22. www.oecd.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D6731 − 22
5
2.4 APHA Standards: 3.1.11 suspended solids (of an activated sludge or other
2540B Total Solids Dried at 103-105°C inoculum samples), n—solids present in activated sludge or
9215 Heterotrophic Plate Count
other inoculum samples that are not removed by settling under
specified conditions.
3. Terminology
4. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Definitions of terms applicable to this test method
4.1 Biodegradation of a lubricant or the component(s) of a
appear in the Compilation of ASTM Standard Definitions and
lubricant is determi
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6731 − 18 D6731 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Aerobic, Aquatic Biodegradability of
Lubricants or Lubricant Components in a Closed
1
Respirometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6731; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the degree of biodegradability of lubricants or their components in an
aerobic aqueous medium on exposure to an inoculum under controlled laboratory conditions. This test method is an ultimate
biodegradation test that measures oxygen demand in a closed respirometer.
1.2 This test method is suitable for evaluating the biodegradation of volatile as well as nonvolatile lubricants or lubricant
components.
1.3 This test method is applicable to lubricants and lubricant components which are not toxic and not inhibitory to the test
microorganisms at the test concentration.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards are given in Section 10.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4447 Guide for Disposal of Laboratory Chemicals and Samples
D6384 Terminology Relating to Biodegradability and Ecotoxicity of Lubricants
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.12 on Environmental Standards for Lubricants.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018April 1, 2022. Published October 2018April 2022. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20112018 as
D6731 – 01 (2011).D6731 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/D6731-18.10.1520/D6731-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6731 − 22
E943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Environmental Fate
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 4259–1,2 Petroleum products–Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test
ISO 6107-2 Water quality–Vocabulary–Part 2
ISO 8192 Water quality–Test for inhibition of oxygen consumption by activated sludge for carbonaceous and ammonium
oxidation
ISO 9408 Water quality–Evaluation of ultimate aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds in aqueous medium by
determination of oxygen demand in a closed respirometer
4
2.3 OECD Standards:
OECD 301F Ready Biodegradability-Manometric Respirometry
5
2.4 APHA Standards:
2540B Total Solids Dried at 103-105°C
9215 Heterotrophic Plate Count
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Definitions of terms applicable to this test method appear in the Compilation of ASTM Standard Definitions and the
following terminology standards: D1129, D4175, D6384, E943, and ISO 6107-2.
3.1.2 activated sludge, n—the precipitated solid matter, consisting mainly of bacteria and other aquatic microorganisms, that is
produced at a domestic wastewater treatment plant and is used primarily in secondary sewage treatment to microbially oxidize
dissolved organic matter in the effluent.
3.1.3 aerobic, adj—(a) taking place in th
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