ASTM C1074-19e1
(Practice)Standard Practice for Estimating Concrete Strength by the Maturity Method
Standard Practice for Estimating Concrete Strength by the Maturity Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice can be used to estimate the in-place strength of concrete to allow the start of critical construction activities such as: (1) removal of formwork and reshoring; (2) post-tensioning of tendons; (3) termination of cold weather protection; and (4) opening of roadways to traffic.
5.2 This practice can be used to estimate strength of laboratory specimens cured under non-standard temperature conditions.
5.3 The major limitations of the maturity method are: (1) the concrete must be maintained in a condition that permits cement hydration; (2) the method does not take into account the effects of early-age concrete temperature on the long-term strength (see Note 6) (3, 4); and (3) the method needs to be supplemented by other indications of the potential strength of the field concrete.
5.4 The accuracy of the estimated strength depends, in part, on using the appropriate parameters (datum temperature or value of Q) for the maturity functions described in Section 6.
Note 1: Approximate values of the datum temperature, To, and the Q-value for use in Eq 1 or Eq 2, respectively, are given in Appendix X2. If maximum accuracy of strength estimation is desired, the appropriate values of To or Q for a specific concrete mixture may be determined using the procedures given in Appendix X1.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a procedure for estimating concrete strength by means of the maturity method. The maturity index is expressed either in terms of the temperature-time factor or in terms of the equivalent age at a specified temperature.
1.2 This practice requires establishing the strength-maturity relationship of the concrete mixture in the laboratory and recording the temperature history of the concrete for which strength is to be estimated.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard for determining the maturity index. No other units of measurement are included for this purpose. There is, however, no restriction on the system of units for expressing strength in developing the strength-maturity relationship.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: C1074 − 19
Standard Practice for
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Estimating Concrete Strength by the Maturity Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1074; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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ε NOTE—Placement of Fig. X1.2 and Fig. X1.3 was editorially corrected in January 2021.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
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1.1 This practice provides a procedure for estimating con- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
crete strength by means of the maturity method. The maturity C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
index is expressed either in terms of the temperature-time Specimens in the Field
factor or in terms of the equivalent age at a specified tempera- C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
ture. drical Concrete Specimens
C78/C78M Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete
1.2 This practice requires establishing the strength-maturity
(Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
relationship of the concrete mixture in the laboratory and
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
recording the temperature history of the concrete for which
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50 mm] Cube
strength is to be estimated.
Specimens)
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
standard for determining the maturity index. No other units of
gregates
measurement are included for this purpose. There is, however,
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
no restriction on the system of units for expressing strength in
Specimens in the Laboratory
developing the strength-maturity relationship.
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- C803/C803M Test Method for Penetration Resistance of
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Hardened Concrete
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. C873/C873M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
(Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic
Concrete Cylinders Cast in Place in Cylindrical Molds
and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon C900 Test Method for Pullout Strength of Hardened Con-
2
prolonged exposure. )
crete
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- C918/C918M Test Method for Measuring Early-Age Com-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
pressive Strength and Projecting Later-Age Strength
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the C1768/C1768M PracticeforAcceleratedCuringofConcrete
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Cylinders
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3. Terminology
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1 Definitions:
1 3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete
andConcreteAggregatesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC09.64on Terminology C125.
Nondestructive and In-Place Testing.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2019.PublishedJuly2019.Originallyapproved
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in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as C1074 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/ For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
C1074-19E01. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C1074 − 19
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
M~t! 5 ~T 2 T ! ∆t (1)
( a o
3.2.1 maturity method—a technique for estimating concrete
where:
strengththatisbasedontheassumptionthatsamplesofagiven
M(t) = the temperature-time factor at age t, degree-days or
concrete mixture attain equal strengths if they attain equal
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degree-hours,
values of the maturity index (1, 2, 3).
∆t = a time interval, days o
...
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