ASTM C900-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Pullout Strength of Hardened Concrete
Standard Test Method for Pullout Strength of Hardened Concrete
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 For a given concrete and a given test apparatus, pullout strengths can be related to compressive strength test results. Such strength relationships are affected by the configuration of the embedded insert, bearing ring dimensions, depth of embedment, and the type of aggregate (lightweight or normal weight). Before use, the relationships must be established for each test system and each new concrete mixture. Such relationships are more reliable if both pullout test specimens and compressive strength test specimens are of similar size, consolidated to similar density, and cured under similar conditions.
Note 1: Published reports (1-17)4 by different researchers present their experiences in the use of pullout test equipment. Refer to ACI 228.1R (14) for guidance on establishing a strength relationship and interpreting test results. The Appendix provides a means for comparing pullout strengths obtained using different configurations.
5.2 If a strength relationship has been established experimentally and accepted by the specifier of tests, pullout tests are used to estimate the in-place strength of concrete to establish whether it has reached a specified level so that, for example:
(1) post-tensioning may proceed;
(2) forms and shores may be removed;
(3) structure may be placed into service; or
(4) winter protection and curing may be terminated.
In addition, post-installed pullout tests may be used to estimate the strength of concrete in existing construction.
5.3 When planning pullout tests and analyzing test results, consideration should be given to the normally expected decrease of concrete strength with increasing height within a given concrete placement in a structural element.
5.4 The measured pullout strength is indicative of the strength of concrete within the region represented by the conic frustum defined by the insert head and bearing ring. For typical surface installations, pullout strengths are indicative of the quality of the oute...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the pullout strength of hardened concrete by measuring the force required to pull an embedded metal insert and the attached concrete fragment from a concrete test specimen or structure. The insert is either cast into fresh concrete or installed in hardened concrete. This test method does not provide statistical procedures to estimate other strength properties.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this test method.
1.3 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)
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Designation: C900 − 15
Standard Test Method for
1
Pullout Strength of Hardened Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C900; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers determination of the pullout 3.1 Definitions:
strength of hardened concrete by measuring the force required 3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to
to pull an embedded metal insert and the attached concrete Terminology C125.
fragmentfromaconcretetestspecimenorstructure.Theinsert
4. Summary of Test Method
is either cast into fresh concrete or installed in hardened
concrete. This test method does not provide statistical proce-
4.1 A metal insert is either cast into fresh concrete or
dures to estimate other strength properties.
installed into hardened concrete. When a measure of the
in-place pullout strength is desired, the insert is pulled by
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
means of a jack reacting against a bearing ring. The pullout
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
strength is determined by measuring the maximum force
test method.
required to pull the insert from the concrete mass.
1.3 The text of this test method references notes and
Alternatively, the insert is loaded to a specified load to verify
footnoteswhichprovideexplanatorymaterial.Thesenotesand
whether a minimum level of in-place pullout strength has been
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
attained.
considered as requirements of this test method.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 For a given concrete and a given test apparatus, pullout
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
strengths can be related to compressive strength test results.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Such strength relationships are affected by the configuration of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh
the embedded insert, bearing ring dimensions, depth of
hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause
embedment, and the type of aggregate (lightweight or normal
2
chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
weight). Before use, the relationships must be established for
each test system and each new concrete mixture. Such rela-
2. Referenced Documents
tionships are more reliable if both pullout test specimens and
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
compressive strength test specimens are of similar size, con-
C125Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
solidatedtosimilardensity,andcuredundersimilarconditions.
gregates
4
NOTE1—Publishedreports (1-17) bydifferentresearcherspresenttheir
C670Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
experiencesintheuseofpullouttestequipment.RefertoACI228.1R (14)
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
for guidance on establishing a strength relationship and interpreting test
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
results. The Appendix provides a means for comparing pullout strengths
E74Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments
obtained using different configurations.
for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines
5.2 If a strength relationship has been established experi-
mentallyandacceptedbythespecifieroftests,pullouttestsare
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
used to estimate the in-place strength of concrete to establish
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
whether it has reached a specified level so that, for example:
C09.64 on Nondestructive and In-Place Testing.
(1)post-tensioning may proceed;
Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originally
(2)forms and shores may be removed;
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C900–14. DOI:
10.1520/C0900-15.
(3)structure may be placed into service; or
2
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,
(4)winter protection and curing may be terminated.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers refer to the list of references at the end of this test
the ASTM website. method.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the e
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C900 − 14 C900 − 15
Standard Test Method for
1
Pullout Strength of Hardened Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C900; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers determination of the pullout strength of hardened concrete by measuring the force required to pull
an embedded metal insert and the attached concrete fragment from a concrete test specimen or structure. The insert is either cast
into fresh concrete or installed in hardened concrete. This test method does not provide statistical procedures to estimate other
strength properties.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this test
method.
1.3 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and
2
tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E74 Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology C125.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A metal insert is either cast into fresh concrete or installed into hardened concrete. When a measure of the in-place pullout
strength is desired, the insert is pulled by means of a jack reacting against a bearing ring. The pullout strength is determined by
measuring the maximum force required to pull the insert from the concrete mass. Alternatively, the insert is loaded to a specified
load to verify whether a minimum level of in-place pullout strength has been attained.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 For a given concrete and a given test apparatus, pullout strengths can be related to compressive strength test results. Such
strength relationships are affected by the configuration of the embedded insert, bearing ring dimensions, depth of embedment, and
the type of aggregate (lightweight or normal weight). Before use, the relationships must be established for each test system and
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.64 on
Nondestructive and In-Place Testing.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014May 1, 2015. Published November 2014June 2015. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 as
C900 – 13a.C900 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/C0900-14.10.1520/C0900-15.
2
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C900 − 15
each new concrete mixture. Such relationships are more reliable if both pullout test specimens and compressive strength test
specimens are of similar size, consolidated to similar density, and cured under similar conditions.
4
NOTE 1—Published reports (1-17) by different researchers present their experiences in the use of pullout test equipment. Refer to ACI 228.1R (14)
for guidance on establishing a strength relationship and interpreting test results. The
...
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