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ASTM F3091/F3091M-14

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Powder Bed Fusion of Plastic Materials

Standard Specification for Powder Bed Fusion of Plastic Materials

ABSTRACT
This specification applies to plastic parts that are created using powder bed fusion processes, including unfilled formulations and formulations containing fillers, functional additives (for example, flame retardant), and reinforcements or combinations thereof. The requirements are intended for use by manufacturers of plastic parts using powder bed fusion and for customers procuring such parts. The specification covers process classification, ordering information, materials (material specification and virgin powder), fabrication of test specimens, and material processing. Dimensional tolerances, source inspection, retest and rejection of parts, material and process certification, certification for parts, and identification marking of product are also specified, together with part packaging and package marking. A figure presents the specifications for mechanical testing of powder bed fusion polymer parts.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification describes a method for defining requirements and ensuring component integrity for plastic parts created using powder bed fusion processes. Materials include unfilled formulations and formulations containing fillers, functional additives (for example, flame retardant), and reinforcements or combinations thereof. Processes include all powder bed fusion processes as defined in Terminology F2792.  
1.2 This specification is intended for use by manufacturers of plastic parts using powder bed fusion and for customers procuring such parts.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2014
ICS
83.080.01 - Plastics in general
Technical Committee
F42 - Additive Manufacturing Technologies
Drafting Committee
F42.05 - Materials and Processes
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM F3091/F3091M-14 - Standard Specification for Powder Bed Fusion of Plastic MaterialsASTM F3091/F3091M-14 - Standard Specification for Powder Bed Fusion of Plastic Materials
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ASTM F3091/F3091M-14 - Standard Specification for Powder Bed Fusion of Plastic Materials
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F3091/F3091M −14
Standard Specification for
1
Powder Bed Fusion of Plastic Materials
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF3091/F3091M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope F2792 Terminology for Additive Manufacturing
,
Technologies
1.1 This specification describes a method for defining re-
2
2.2 ISO/ASTM Standard:
quirements and ensuring component integrity for plastic parts
created using powder bed fusion processes. Materials include ISO/ASTM 52921 Standard Terminology for Additive
Manufacturing – Coordinate Systems and Test Method-
unfilled formulations and formulations containing fillers, func-
tional additives (for example, flame retardant), and reinforce- ologies
3
ments or combinations thereof. Processes include all powder
2.3 ISO Standards:
bed fusion processes as defined in Terminology F2792.
ISO 527-1 Determination of tensile products – Part 1:
General principles
1.2 This specification is intended for use by manufacturers
ISO 3310-1 Test Sieves – Technical Requirements and
of plastic parts using powder bed fusion and for customers
Testing – Part 1: Test Sieves of Metal Wire Cloth
procuring such parts.
ISO 9001 Quality management systems – Requirements
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
ISO 13485 Medical Devices – Quality Management System
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
ISO 15512 Plastics – Determination of Water Content -
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
Second Edition
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
2.4 Other Standards:
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
AS9100 Quality Systems – Aerospace – Model for Quality
with the standard.
Assurance in Design, Development, Production, Installa-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4
tion and Servicing
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ASQC C1 Standard C1 Specification of General Require-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5
ments for a Quality Program
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents
3.1 Additional definitions are listed in Terminology F2792.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2 Definitions:
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
3.2.1 batch processing, n—powder preparation and delivery
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
process in which a powder batch is blended using specific
als
quantities of virgin and used powder for use as feedstock,
D6779 Classification System for and Basis of Specification
sometimes in quantities larger than the machine build volume
for Polyamide Molding and Extrusion Materials (PA)
or feed region(s) or both.
D6980 Test Method for Determination of Moisture in Plas-
3.2.2 build cycle, n—single cycle in which one or more
tics by Loss in Weight
components are built up in layers in the process chamber of the
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
machine.
Sieves
3.2.3 build volume, n—total usable volume available in the
machine for building parts.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F42 on
Additive Manufacturing Technologies and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee F42.05 on Materials and Processes.
3
Current edition approved June 1, 2014. Published July 2014. DOI: 10.1520/ Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
F3091_F3091M-14. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr.,Warrendale,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Society for Quality (ASQ), 600 N. Plankinton Ave.,
the ASTM website. Milwaukee, WI 53203, http://www.asq.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F3091/F3091M − 14
3.2.4 continuous feed processing, n—powder preparation 4.3 Class III—A general process classification intended for
and delivery process in which a powder batch is dynamically use as a guideline in processing quality parts using best
blendedinasteadystateprocesstodeliverfeedstockasneeded practices with minimum traceability.
to the powder bed.
4.4 Spe
...

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ASTM F3091/F3091M-14(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Powder Bed Fusion of Plastic Materials

ABSTRACT
This specification applies to plastic parts that are created using powder bed fusion processes, including unfilled formulations and formulations containing fillers, functional additives (for example, flame retardant), and reinforcements or combinations thereof. The requirements are intended for use by manufacturers of plastic parts using powder bed fusion and for customers procuring such parts. The specification covers process classification, ordering information, materials (material specification and virgin powder), fabrication of test specimens, and material processing. Dimensional tolerances, source inspection, retest and rejection of parts, material and process certification, certification for parts, and identification marking of product are also specified, together with part packaging and package marking. A figure presents the specifications for mechanical testing of powder bed fusion polymer parts.
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1.1 This specification describes a method for defining requirements and ensuring component integrity for plastic parts created using powder bed fusion processes. Materials include unfilled formulations and formulations containing fillers, functional additives (for example, flame retardant), and reinforcements or combinations thereof. Processes include all powder bed fusion processes as defined in Terminology F2792.  
1.2 This specification is intended for use by manufacturers of plastic parts using powder bed fusion and for customers procuring such parts.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D883-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics

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1.1 This terminology covers definitions of technical terms used in the plastics industry. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.  
1.2 When a term is used in an ASTM document for which Committee D20 is responsible it is included only when judged, after review, by Subcommittee D20.92 to be a generally usable term.  
1.3 Definitions that are identical to those published by another standards body are identified with the abbreviation of the name of the organization; for example, IUPAC is the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.  
1.4 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in discussion notes.
Note 1: It is recommended that definitions be reviewed periodically.  
1.4.1 When a new definition is added to this terminology standard, or the wording of a definition is revised, the date of the change shall be appended to the new or revised definition.  
1.5 For literature related to plastics terminology, see Appendix X1.  
1.6 Subsections 1.6.1 – 1.6.5 contain references to specific terminology standards that are relevant to specific plastic products or applications. In case of conflict between a definition contained in Terminology D883 and one contained in another standard, the definition given in Terminology D883 shall prevail.  
1.6.1 For terms related to thermal insulation, the applicable definitions are contained in Terminology C168.  
1.6.2 For terms related to electrical or electronic insulating materials, the applicable definitions are contained in Terminology D1711.  
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1.6.5 For terms related to plastic piping systems, the applicable definitions are contained in Terminology F412.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E2092-23(Test Method)
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5.1 Data obtained by this test method shall not be used to predict the behavior of materials at elevated temperatures except in applications in which the conditions of time, temperature, method of loading, and stress are similar to those specified in the test.  
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1.1 This test method describes the determination of the temperature at which the specific modulus of a test specimen is realized by deflection in three-point bending. This temperature is identified as the distortion temperature. The distortion temperature is that temperature at which a test specimen of defined geometry deforms to a level of strain under applied stress of 0.455 MPa (66 psi) (Method A) and 1.82 MPa (264 psi) (Method B) equivalent to those used in Test Method D648. The test is applicable over the range of temperature from ambient to 300 °C.
Note 1: This test method is intended to provide results similar to those of Test Method D648 but is performed on a thermomechanical analyzer using a smaller test specimen. Equivalence of results to those obtained by Test Method D648 has been demonstrated on a limited number of materials. The results of this test method shall be considered to be independent and unrelated to those of Test Method D648 unless the user demonstrates equivalence.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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4.2 Multi-axial impact response, while partly dependent on thickness, does not necessarily have a linear correlation with specimen thickness. Therefore, results must be compared only for specimens of essentially the same thickness, unless specific responses versus thickness formulae have been established for the material.  
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1.2 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
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Note 1: This standard and ISO 6603-2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content. The technical content and results shall not be compared between the two test methods.  
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ASTM D5675-13(2023)(Classification)
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This classification system provides a method of adequately identifying PTFE micropowders using a system consistent with that also of another specific classification. These powders are sometimes known as lubricant powders which usually have a much smaller particle size than those used for molding or extrusion. The test methods and properties included are those required to identify and specify the various types of fluoropolymer micropowders. This classification covers two groups of fluoropolymer micropowders. Fluoropolymer micropowders are classified into groups according to their base fluoropolymer. These groups are further subdivided into classes and grades. Different tests shall be performed in order to determine the following properties of the micropowders: melting characteristics, melt flow rate, specific gravity, water content, particle size, surface area, and bulk density.
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1.6 This test method is also suitable, in some cases, for cellular materials having an apparent density of less than 15 kg/m3.
Note 1: Although this test method has been found applicable for testing some other materials, the precision of the test method has not been determined for these materials, or for specimen geometries and test conditions outside those recommended herein.  
1.7 This test method measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
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1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statement are given in Section 10.  
1.10 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
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5.2.1 Observed data are specific to experimental conditions. Reporting in full (as described in this test method) the conditions under which the data was obtained is essential to assist users with interpreting the data an reconciling apparent or perceived discrepancies.  
5.3 This test method can be used to assess:  
5.3.1 Modulus as a function of temperature,  
5.3.2 Modulus as a function of frequency,  
5.3.3 The effects of processing treatment, including orientation,  
5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure and damping,  
5.3.5 The effects of substrate types and orientation (fabrication) on elastic modulus,  
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5.3.7 The effects of annealing on modulus and glass transition temperature,  
5.3.8 The effect of aspect ratio on the modulus of fiber reinforcements, and  
5.3.9 The effect of fillers, additives on modulus and glass transition temperature.  
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1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for determining and reporting the viscoelastic properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins as well as composite systems in the form of cylindrical specimens molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The compression data generated is used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastics material or composition using a variety of dynamic mechanical instruments.  
1.2 This test method is intended to provide a means for determining the thermomechanical properties (as a function of a number of viscoelastic variables) for a wide variety of plastic materials using nonresonant, forced-vibration techniques as outlined in Practice D4065. Plots of the elastic (storage) modulus, loss (viscous) modulus, complex modulus, and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significant transitions in the thermomechanical performance of the polymeric material system.  
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 to 100 Hz.  
1.4 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, the data generated are intended to indicate relative and not necessarily absolute property values.  
1.5 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for the determination of chromium, bromine, cadmium, mercury, and lead, in homogeneous polymeric materials. The test method may be used to ascertain the conformance of the product under test to manufacturing specifications. Typical time for a measurement is 5 to 10 min per specimen, depending on the specimen matrix and the capabilities of the EDXRF spectrometer.
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1.4 This test method is applicable for homogeneous polymeric material.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This test method is not applicable to quantitative determinations for specimens with one or more surface coatings present on the analyzed surface; however, qualitative information may be obtained. In addition, specimens less than infinitely thick for the measured X rays, must not be coated on the reverse side or mounted on a substrate.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D5023-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Three-Point Bending)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the thermomechanical behavior of plastic compositions using very small amounts of material. The data obtained is used for quality control, research and development as well as the establishment of optimum processing conditions.  
5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive means for determining thermomechanical characteristics by measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of frequency, temperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan delta of a material versus these variables can be used to provide a graphical representation indicative of functional properties, effectiveness of cure (thermosetting resin system), and damping behavior under specified conditions.  
5.2.1 Observed data are specific to experimental conditions. Reporting in full (as described in this test method) the conditions under which the data was obtained is essential to assist users with interpreting the data an reconciling apparent or perceived discrepancies.  
5.3 This test method can be used to assess:  
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5.3.2 Modulus as a function of frequency,  
5.3.3 The effects of processing treatment,  
5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure and damping.  
5.3.5 The effects of substrate types and orientation (fabrication) on modulus,  
5.3.6 The effects of formulation additives which might affect processability or performance,  
5.3.7 The effects of annealing on modulus and glass transition temperature,  
5.3.8 The effect of aspect ratio on the modulus of fiber reinforcements, and  
5.3.9 The effect of fillers, additives on modulus and glass transition temperature.  
5.4 Before proceeding with this test method, refer to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the relevant ASTM materials specification shall take precedence over those m...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for determining and reporting the visco-elastic properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular bars molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The data generated, using three-point bending techniques, is used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastic material or compositions using a variety of dynamic mechanical instruments.  
1.2 This test method is intended to provide means for determining the viscoelastic properties of a wide variety of plastics materials using nonresonant, forced-vibration techniques in accordance with Practice D4065. Plots of the elastic (storage) modulus; loss (viscous) modulus; complex modulus and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significant transitions in the thermomechanical performance of polymeric material systems.  
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 Hz to 100 Hz.  
1.4 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, the data generated are intended to indicate relative and not necessarily absolute property values.  
1.5 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This test method is equivalent to ISO 6721, Part 5.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established ...

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  • Standard
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    English language
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