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ASTM E997-01

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass in Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Destructive Methods

Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass in Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Destructive Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Glass specimens to be tested shall be mounted in a standard test frame with four sides supported, or in a test frame designed to represent specific glazing conditions.
5.1.1 A standard test frame shall be used when it is desired to evaluate the probability of breakage of glass specimens with edge support conditions held constant.
5.1.2 A test frame designed to represent a specific glazing condition shall be used when it is desired to evaluate the probability of breakage of glass specimens in the specified glazing system.
Loads on glass in windows, curtain walls, and doors may vary greatly in magnitude, direction, and duration. Any load (wind, snow, etc.) that can be transformed into a 60-s duration equivalent uniform design load can be considered. Load transformation techniques are addressed in the literature (1, 2, 3).3  
The strength of glass varies with many different factors including surface condition, load duration, geometry, relative humidity, and temperature (4). A thorough understanding of those strength variations is required to interpret results of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a procedure to determine if the probability of breakage of glass specimens tested is significantly greater than, signficantly less than, or not significantly different than the specified probability of breakage when exposed to a specified 60-s duration equivalent design load. It is not intended to be a design standard for determining the load resistance of glass. Practice E1300 shall be used for this purpose.
1.2 This test method describes apparatus and procedures to select and apply a 60-s duration proof load to glass specimens, to determine the number of glass specimens to be tested, and to evaluate statistically the probability of breakage. This test method may be conducted using the standard test frame specified herein or a test frame of the user's design.
1.3 Proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement and an understanding of recommended glazing practices.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jan-2001
ICS
81.040.20 - Glass in building
Technical Committee
E06 - Performance of Buildings
Drafting Committee
E06.51 - Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E997-84(1992)e1 - Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass in Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Destructive Methods
Effective Date
10-Jan-2001
Replaced By
ASTM E997-01(2009) - Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass in Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Destructive Methods
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM E2813-18 - Standard Practice for Building Enclosure Commissioning
Effective Date
10-Jan-2001
Referred By
ASTM E330/E330M-14(2021) - Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference
Effective Date
10-Jan-2001
Referred By
ASTM C1487-19 - Standard Guide for Remedying Structural Silicone Glazing
Effective Date
10-Jan-2001
Referred By
ASTM E3223/E3223M-20 - Standard Guide for Specifying and Testing Field-Constructed Exterior Building Wall System Mockups in New Construction
Effective Date
10-Jan-2001
Referred By
ASTM E1886-19 - Standard Test Method for Performance of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, Doors, and Impact Protective Systems Impacted by Missile(s) and Exposed to Cyclic Pressure Differentials
Effective Date
10-Jan-2001
Referred By
ASTM E631-15 - Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
Effective Date
10-Jan-2001
Referred By
ASTM E1233/E1233M-14(2021) - Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior Windows, Doors, Skylights, and Curtain Walls by Cyclic Air Pressure Differential
Effective Date
10-Jan-2001
Referred By
ASTM F1642/F1642M-17 - Standard Test Method for Glazing and Glazing Systems Subject to Airblast Loadings
Effective Date
10-Jan-2001

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ASTM E997-01 - Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass in Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Destructive MethodsASTM E997-01 - Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass in Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Destructive Methods
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ASTM E997-01 - Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass in Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Destructive Methods
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9 pages
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: E997 – 01
Standard Test Method for
Structural Performance of Glass in Exterior Windows,
Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of Uniform
1
Static Loads by Destructive Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E997; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E1300 Practice for Determining Load Resistance of Glass
in Buildings
1.1 This test method is a procedure to determine if the
probability of breakage of glass specimens tested is signifi-
3. Terminology
cantly greater than, signficantly less than, or not significantly
3.1 Definitions:
different than the specified probability of breakage when
3.2 coeffıcient of variation, n—ratio of the standard devia-
exposed to a specified 60–s duration equivalent design load. It
tion of the breakage load to the mean breakage load.
isnotintendedtobeadesignstandardfordeterminingtheload
3.3 equivalent design load, n—the specified uniform design
resistance of glass. Practice E1300 shall be used for this
load converted to a 60–s duration (see 4.2).
purpose.
3.4 glass specimen, n—the glass to be tested, for example,
1.2 This test method describes apparatus and procedures to
a single pane, an insulating glass unit, laminated glass, etc.
select and apply a 60-s duration proof load to glass specimens,
(does not include test frame).
todeterminethenumberofglassspecimenstobetested,andto
3.5 glass specimen breakage, n—the fracture or cracking of
evaluate statistically the probability of breakage. This test
any glass component of a glass specimen.
method may be conducted using the standard test frame
3.6 negative load, n—an outward-acting load that results in
specified herein or a test frame of the user’s design.
the indoor side of a glass specimen being the high-pressure
1.3 Proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of
side.
the principles of pressure measurement and an understanding
3.7 positive load, n—an inward-acting load that results in
of recommended glazing practices.
the outdoor side of a glass specimen being the high-pressure
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
side.
as standard.
3.8 probability of breakage, n—the probability that a glass
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
specimen will break when tested at a given load. General
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
industry practice is to express the probability of breakage as
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
lites per 1000 lites.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.9 proof load, n—a magnitude of uniform load at which
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
glass specimens shall be tested.
tionary statements are given in Section 7.
3.10 proof load factor, a, n—the constant which, when
2. Referenced Documents multiplied by the equivalent design load, determines the proof
2
load.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.11 specifying authority, n—professional(s)responsiblefor
determiningandfurnishinginformationrequiredtoperformthe
1 test.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51
4. Summary of Test Method
on Component Performance of Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2001. Published March 2001 Originally
4.1 This test method consists of individually glazing glass
´1
published as E997–84. Last previous edition E997–84 (1992) . DOI: 10.1520/
specimens in a test frame that is mounted into or against one
E0997-01.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.11 face of a test chamber and supplying air to, or exhausting air
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E997 – 01
from, the test chamber so that each glass specimen is exposed 6.2.4 Pressure Measuring Apparatus, to record continuous
to a 60-s duration proof load. Load-time records shall be kept test chamber pressures within an accuracy of 62%.
for each glass specimen. Each glass specimen break shall be 6.2.5 Temperature Measuring Apparatus, to measure the
recorded. ambient temperature within an accuracy of 61°F (0.6°C).
4.2 After testing the required number of glass specimens, it 6.2.6 Relative Humidity Apparatus, to measure the relative
isdeterminediftheprobabilityofbreakageissignificantlyless humidity within an accuracy of 62%.
than, significantly greater than, or not significantly different
7. Safety Precautions
than
...

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5.3 Use of these procedures assume:  
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1.1 This practice covers the determination of the thickness of glass installed in airport traffic control towers (ATCT) to resist a specified design loading with a selected probability of breakage less than or equal to either 1 lite per 1000 or 4 lites per 1000 at the first occurrence of the design wind loading.  
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1.5.1 Monolithic and laminated glass installed in ATCTs shall have continuous lateral support along two parallel edges, along any three edges, or along all four edges;  
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1.6 The procedures do not apply to any form of wired, patterned, etched, sandblasted, or glass types with surface treatments that reduce the glass strength.  
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1.8 The procedures address the determination of thickness and construction type to resist a specified design wind load at a selected probability of breakage. The final glass thickness and construction determined also depends upon a variety of other factors (see 5.4).  
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1.10 These procedures do not apply to triple-glazed insulating glass units.  
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ASTM E2141-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Accelerated Aging of Electrochromic Devices in Sealed Insulating Glass Units

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 EC glazings perform a number of important functions in a building envelope including: minimizing the solar energy heat gain; providing for passive solar energy gain; controlling a variable visual connection with the outside world; enhancing human comfort (heat gain), illumination, and glare control; and providing for architectural expression. It is therefore important to understand the relative serviceability of these glazings.  
4.2 This test method is intended to provide a means for evaluating the relative serviceability of EC Glazings as described in Section 1.  
4.3 The procedures in this test method include (a) rapid but realistic current-voltage cycling tests emphasizing the electrical properties, and (b) environmental test parameters that are typically used in weatherability tests by standards organizations and are realistic for the intended use of large-area EC IGUs.
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1.1 This test method covers the accelerated aging of electrochromic devices (ECD) integrated in insulating glass units.  
1.2 The test method is applicable for any electrochromic device incorporated into sealed insulating glass units (IGUs) fabricated for vision glass (superstrate and substrate) areas for use in buildings, such as sliding doors, windows, skylights, and exterior wall systems. The layers used for constructing the EC device and electrochromically changing the optical properties may be inorganic or organic materials.  
1.3 The electrochromic (EC) glazings used in this test method are exposed to environmental conditions, including solar radiation. They are employed to control the amount of transmitted radiation by absorption and reflection and, thus, limit the solar heat gain and amount of solar radiation that is transmitted into the building.  
1.4 The test method is not applicable to other chromogenic devices, such as, photochromic and thermochromic devices which do not respond to electrical stimulus.  
1.5 The test method is not applicable to electrochromic (EC) glazings that are constructed from superstrate or substrate materials other than glass.  
1.6 The test method referenced herein is a laboratory test conducted under specified conditions. The test is intended to simulate and, in some cases, to also accelerate actual in-service use of the electrochromic glazing. Results from these tests cannot be used to predict the performance with time of in-service units unless actual corresponding in-service tests have been conducted and appropriate analyses have been conducted to show how performance can be predicted from the accelerated aging tests.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SCOPE
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Use of this practice assumes:  
5.1.1 the glass edges shall be free from damage,  
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5.1.4 the glass edge support allows in-plane movement of the glass due to thermal expansion and contraction.  
5.2 This practice does not address all factors that cause thermally induced stresses in annealed glass. Factors that are not addressed include: transient thermal stresses, HVAC registers, thermally insulating window coverings, drop ceilings and other heat traps, increased solar irradiance caused by exterior reflections, variations in heat transfer coefficients other than those assumed for the steady state analysis described herein, and stresses induced by thermal sources other than the sun. Factors other than those listed above may also induce thermal stress.  
5.3 Many other factors shall be considered in glass selection. These factors include, but are not limited to, mechanically induced stresses, wind effects, windborne debris impacts, excessive deflections, seismic effects, heat flow, noise abatement, potential post-breakage consequences, and so forth. In addition, considerations set forth in building codes along with criteria presented in safety glazing standards and site specific concerns may control the ultimate glass type and thickness selection.  
5.4 The proper use of this practice is intended to reduce the risk of thermally induced breakage of annealed window glass in buildings.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure to determine the resistance of annealed architectural flat glass to thermally induced stresses caused by exposure to sun and shadows for a specified probability of breakage (Pb). Proper use of this procedure is intended to reduce the possibility of thermal breakage of annealed glass in buildings.  
1.2 This practice applies to vertical or sloped glazing in buildings.  
1.3 This practice applies to monolithic and laminated glass of rectangular shape and assumes that all glass edges are simply supported.  
1.4 This practice applies only to annealed flat soda-lime silica glass with clean cut, seamed, flat ground, or ground and polished edges that are free from damage. The glass may be clear or tinted as well as coated (not including coatings that reduce emissivity of the glass).  
1.5 This practice does not apply to any form of wired, patterned, etched, sandblasted, drilled, notched, or grooved glass or glass with surface and edge treatments, other than those described in 1.4, that alter the glass strength.  
1.6 This practice does not address uniform loads such as wind and snow loads, safety requirements, fire, or impact resistance.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. For conversion of quantities in various systems of measurements to SI units, refer to IEEE/ASTM SI-10.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E2953-14(2020)e1(Specification)
Standard Specification for Evaluating Accelerated Aging Performance of Electrochromic Devices in Sealed Insulating Glass Units

ABSTRACT
This specification applies to all electrochromic (EC) glass whose visible light transmittance or near infrared light transmittance properties, or both, can be changed reversibly by the application or removal of an electrical voltage. It covers absorptive and reflective EC devices in preassembled permanently sealed insulting glass units with one or more cavities in which at least one lite contains an EC device (which may be in the form of a laminated lite or a single pane with coatings applied). This specification is also valid for EC devices in preassembled insulating glass units with capillary tubes intentionally left open, but not for other types of dynamic glass which do not solely require an electrical stimulus to change light transmittance such as photochromic and thermochromic glazings and hybrid active/passive chromogenics. This specification is applicable only to sealed insulating glass units that are constructed with glass and fabricated for vision glass areas for use in buildings, such as sliding doors, windows, skylights, and exterior wall systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification is applicable to all electrochromic (EC) glass whose visible light transmittance or near infrared light transmittance properties, or both, can be changed reversibly by the application or removal of an electrical voltage. This includes absorptive and reflective EC devices.  
1.2 This specification does not apply to other types of dynamic glass which do not solely require an electrical stimulus to change light transmittance such as photochromic and thermochromic glazings and hybrid active/passive chromogenics.  
1.3 This specification covers electrochromic devices in preassembled permanently sealed insulting glass units with one or more cavities in which at least one lite contains an EC device (which may be in the form of a laminated lite or a single pane with coatings applied). This specification is also applicable to EC devices in preassembled insulating glass units with capillary tubes intentionally left open. As such this specification also requires conformance to Specification E2190.  
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1.5 Qualification under this specification is intended to provide a basis for evaluating the aging performance of electrochromic devices in sealed insulating glass units.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E998-19(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Architectural Glass Products Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is a general procedure for testing architectural glass products under uniform static loads.  
5.2 Loads on glass in windows, curtain walls, and doors may vary greatly in magnitude, direction, and duration. An understanding of wind loads on the building is required for selection of test loads and interpretation of results with respect to expected exposure at a particular site.  
5.3 A thorough understanding of the variations of the strength of glass and the nature of loading is required to interpret results of this test method.  
5.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure, deflection, and strain measurement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a general test procedure for load tests of glass subjected to uniform static loads. It is applicable for test protocols involving specified loads, load durations, and loading rates.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to architectural flat glass of various types; for example, annealed, heat-strengthened, fully tempered, laminated, insulating, and combinations thereof.  
1.3 This test method describes a process of applying specific test loads to glass. The test may be conducted using a standard test frame specified herein or a test frame of the user's design.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E3119-19(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Accelerated Aging of Environmentally Controlled Dynamic Glazing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 ECDG perform a number of important functions in a building envelope including: reducing the solar energy heat gain; providing a variable visual connection with the outside world; enhancing human comfort (heat gain), security, illumination, and glare control; providing for architectural expression, and (possibly) improving acoustical performance. It is therefore important to understand the relative serviceability of these glazings.  
4.2 This test method is intended to provide a means for assessing the relative serviceability of ECDGs, as described in Section 1.  
4.3 The test method is intended to simulate in-service use and accelerate aging of the environmentally controlled dynamic glazings.  
4.4 Results from these tests cannot be used to predict the performance over time of in-service units unless actual corresponding in-service tests have been conducted and appropriate analyses have been conducted to show how performance can be predicted from the accelerated aging tests.  
4.5 The procedure in this test method includes environmental test parameters that are typically used in weatherability tests by standards organizations and are realistic for the intended use of large-area ECDG units.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the accelerated aging and monitoring of the time-dependent performance of environmentally controlled dynamic glazings such as thermochromic (TC) thermotropic, photochromic glazings. and combinations thereof.  
1.2 The test method is applicable only for environmentally controlled dynamic glazings. These glazings may be either monolithic glass, monolithic laminated glass, or sealed insulating glass units fabricated for use in buildings, such as exterior doors, windows, skylights, and wall systems.  
1.3 During use, the environmentally controlled dynamic glazings tested according to this method are exposed to environmental conditions, including solar radiation and are employed to control the amount of transmitted radiation by absorption and reflection and thus, limit the amount of solar radiation that is transmitted into a building.  
1.4 The test method is not applicable to electronically controlled chromogenic devices, such as electrochromic devices.  
1.5 The test method is not applicable to environmentally controlled dynamic glazings that are constructed from superstrate or substrate materials other than glass.  
1.6 The test method referenced herein is a laboratory test conducted under specified conditions.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E3120-19(Specification)
Standard Specification for Evaluating Accelerated Aging Performance of Environmentally Controlled Dynamic Glazings

ABSTRACT
This specification provides a basis for evaluating the accelerated aging performance of environmentally controlled dynamic glazings (ECDG) in monolithic glass, monolithic laminated glass, or pre-assembled, permanently sealed insulating glass units that are constructed with glass and fabricated for vision glass areas for use in buildings, such as sliding doors, windows, skylights, and exterior wall systems. ECDG is the glazing material installed in a prepared opening of a building whose visible light transmittance or near infrared light transmittance properties, or both, can be changed reversibly by exposure to changing environmental conditions such as temperature and sunlight intensity. This specification also covers ECDG devices in pre-assembled insulating glass units with capillary tubes intentionally left open, but does not apply to other types of dynamic glazing which require an electrical stimulus to change light transmittance, such as electrochromic glazings.
This specification prescribes the performance requirements and test methods for ECDG, as well as specimen preparation, qualification, and reporting requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification is applicable to environmentally controlled dynamic glazings (ECDG) whose visible light transmittance or near infrared light transmittance properties, or both, can be changed reversibly by exposure to changing environmental conditions such as temperature and sunlight intensity. This includes thermochromic and thermotropic glazing, but currently excludes photochromic glazings as neither Test Method E3119 nor this specification provide a procedure to access multiple states of photochromic glazing specimens.  
1.2 This specification does not apply to other types of dynamic glazing which require an electrical stimulus to change light transmittance, such as electrochromic glazings.  
1.3 This specification covers environmentally controlled dynamic glazing (ECDG) in monolithic glass, monolithic laminated glass, or pre-assembled, permanently sealed insulating glass units with one or more cavities in which at least one lite is an ECDG (which may be in the form of a laminated lite or a single pane with coatings or film applied). This specification is also applicable to ECDG devices in pre-assembled insulating glass units with capillary tubes intentionally left open. As applicable, this specification also requires conformance to Specification E2190.  
1.4 This specification is applicable only to monolithic glass, monolithic laminated glass, and sealed insulating glass units that are constructed with glass and fabricated for vision glass areas for use in buildings, such as sliding doors, windows, skylights, and exterior wall systems.  
1.5 Qualification under this specification is intended to provide a basis for evaluating the aging performance of environmentally controlled dynamic glazing in monolithic glass, monolithic laminated glass, and sealed insulating glass units.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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