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ASTM D6391-99(2004)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity Limits of Porous Materials Using Two Stages of Infiltration from a Borehole

Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity Limits of Porous Materials Using Two Stages of Infiltration from a Borehole

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers field measurement of limiting values for vertical and horizontal hydraulic conductivities (also referred to as coefficients of permeability) of porous materials using the two-stage, cased borehole technique. These limiting hydraulic conductivity values are the maximum possible for the vertical direction and minimum possible for the horizontal direction. Determination of actual hydraulic conductivity values requires further analysis by qualified personnel.
1.2 This test method may be utilized for compacted fills or natural deposits, above or below the water table, that have a mean hydraulic conductivity less than or equal to 1x10-5  m/s (1x10-3  cm/s).
1.3 Hydraulic conductivity greater than 1x10-5  m/s may be determined by ordinary borehole tests, for example, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation 7310 (1); however, the resulting value is an apparent conductivity.
1.4 For this test method, a distinction must be made between "saturated" (Ks) and "field-saturated" (Kfs) hydraulic conductivity. True saturated conditions seldom occur in the vadose zone except where impermeable layers result in the presence of perched water tables. During infiltration events or in the event of a leak from a lined pond, a "field-saturated" condition develops. True saturation does not occur due to entrapped air (2). The entrapped air prevents water from moving in air-filled pores that, in turn, may reduce the hydraulic conductivity measured in the field by as much as a factor of two compared with conditions when trapped air is not present (3). This test method simulates the "field-saturated" condition.
1.5 Experience with this test method has been predominantly in materials having a degree of saturation of 70 % or more, and where the stratification or plane of compaction is relatively horizontal. Its use in other situations should be considered experimental.
1.6 As in the case of all tests for hydraulic conductivity, the results of this test pertain only to the volume of soil permeated. Extending the results to the surrounding area requires both multiple tests and the judgment of qualified personnel. The number of tests required depends on among other things: the size of the area, the uniformity of the material in that area, and the variation in data from multiple tests.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard unless other units specifically are given. By tradition in U.S. practice, hydraulic conductivity is reported in cm/s although the common SI units for hydraulic conductivity are m/s.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. This test method does not purport to address environmental protection problems, as well.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2004
ICS
07.060 - Geology. Meteorology. Hydrology
73.100.30 - Equipment for drilling and mine excavation
Technical Committee
D18 - Soil and Rock
Drafting Committee
D18.04 - Hydrologic Properties and Hydraulic Barriers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6391-99 - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity Limits of Porous Materials Using Two Stages of Infiltration from a Borehole
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D6391-06 - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity Limits of Porous Materials Using Two Stages of Infiltration from a Borehole
Effective Date
01-Feb-2006
Referred By
ASTM D420-18 - Standard Guide for Site Characterization for Engineering Design and Construction Purposes
Effective Date
01-May-2004

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ASTM D6391-99(2004) - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity Limits of Porous Materials Using Two Stages of Infiltration from a BoreholeASTM D6391-99(2004) - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity Limits of Porous Materials Using Two Stages of Infiltration from a Borehole
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ASTM D6391-99(2004) - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity Limits of Porous Materials Using Two Stages of Infiltration from a Borehole
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 6391 – 99 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
Field Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity Limits of
Porous Materials Using Two Stages of Infiltration from a
1
Borehole
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6391; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6 As in the case of all tests for hydraulic conductivity, the
results of this test pertain only to the volume of soil permeated.
1.1 This test method covers field measurement of limiting
Extending the results to the surrounding area requires both
valuesforverticalandhorizontalhydraulicconductivities(also
multiple tests and the judgment of qualified personnel. The
referred to as coeffıcients of permeability) of porous materials
number of tests required depends on among other things: the
using the two-stage, cased borehole technique. These limiting
size of the area, the uniformity of the material in that area, and
hydraulic conductivity values are the maximum possible for
the variation in data from multiple tests.
the vertical direction and minimum possible for the horizontal
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
direction. Determination of actual hydraulic conductivity val-
standard unless other units specifically are given. By tradition
ues requires further analysis by qualified personnel.
in U.S. practice, hydraulic conductivity is reported in cm/s
1.2 This test method may be utilized for compacted fills or
although the common SI units for hydraulic conductivity are
natural deposits, above or below the water table, that have a
–5
m/s.
mean hydraulic conductivity less than or equal to 1310 m/s
–3
1.8 This standard does not purport to address the safety
(1310 cm/s).
–5
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
1.3 Hydraulic conductivity greater than 1310 m/s may be
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
determined by ordinary borehole tests, for example, U.S.
2 health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
Bureau of Reclamation 7310 (1) ; however, the resulting value
limitations prior to use. This test method does not purport to
is an apparent conductivity.
address environmental protection problems, as well.
1.4 Forthistestmethod,adistinctionmustbemadebetween
“saturated” (K ) and “field-saturated” (K ) hydraulic conduc-
s fs
2. Referenced Documents
tivity. True saturated conditions seldom occur in the vadose
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
zoneexceptwhereimpermeablelayersresultinthepresenceof
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
perched water tables. During infiltration events or in the event
Fluids
of a leak from a lined pond, a “field-saturated” condition
D 1452 Practice for Soil Investigation and Sampling by
develops. True saturation does not occur due to entrapped air
Auger Borings
(2). The entrapped air prevents water from moving in air-filled
D 1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils
pores that, in turn, may reduce the hydraulic conductivity
for Geotechnical Purposes
measured in the field by as much as a factor of two compared
D 2937 Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the
with conditions when trapped air is not present (3). This test
Drive-Cylinder Method
method simulates the “field-saturated” condition.
D 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
1.5 Experience with this test method has been predomi-
Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock
nantly in materials having a degree of saturation of 70 % or
as Used in Engineering Design and Construction
more, and where the stratification or plane of compaction is
D 5084 Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Con-
relatively horizontal. Its use in other situations should be
ductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible
considered experimental.
Wall Permeameter
D 5092 Practice for Design and Installation of Ground
Water Monitoring Wells in Aquifers
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.04 on Hydrologic
Properties and Hydraulic Barriers.
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 6391 - 99.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
this standard.
the ASTM website.
C
...

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5.1 This test method provides a means to measure the hydraulic conductivity of isotropic materials and the maximum vertical and minimum horizontal hydraulic conductivities of anisotropic materials, especially in the low ranges associated with fine-grained clayey soils, 1×10–7 m/s to 1×10–11 m/s.  
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5.1 This test method provides a means to measure the hydraulic conductivity of isotropic materials and the maximum vertical and minimum horizontal hydraulic conductivities of anisotropic materials, especially in the low ranges associated with fine-grained clayey soils, 1×10–7 m/s to 1×10–11 m/s.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers UNS N06002, UNS N06030, UNS N06035, UNS N06022, UNS N06200, UNS N10362, UNS N06230, UNS N06600, UNS N06617, UNS N06625, UNS N08020, UNS N08026, UNS N08024, UNS N08120, UNS N08926, UNS N08367, UNS N10242, UNS N10276, UNS N10665, UNS N10675, UNS N12160, UNS R20033, UNS N06059, UNS N06686, UNS N10629, UNS N08031, UNS N06045, UNS N06025, UNS N06699, and UNS R305562 billets and bars for reforging.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
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    English language
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  • Technical specification
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off