ASTM A729/A729M-09
(Specification)Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Axles, Heat-Treated, for Mass Transit and Electric Railway Service
Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Axles, Heat-Treated, for Mass Transit and Electric Railway Service
ABSTRACT
This specification deals with the standard requirements for heat-treated alloy steel axles and solid design roller bearing axles with machined bodies for mass transit and commuter cars in electric and locomotive hauled railway service. Various axle designs are used for this service including motor and non-motor with either inboard or outboard journals. Materials shall be forged, cooled and heat treated by normalizing, liquid quenching, tempering, and straightening. Steels shall conform to chemical composition requirements specified for each of the seven classes considered here. Conformance to mechanical property requirements such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and reduction of area, shall be evaluated by tensile tests. Details of nondestructive ultrasonic and magnetic particle examination procedures are discussed thoroughly. Final axle products shall conform to purchaser-specified size, shape, and finish. Rough machining shall be free of excessively rough ridges and coarse chatter marks, and the finish machined axle surfaces shall be free of injurious imperfections.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers heat-treated alloy steel axles for mass transit and commuter cars in electric and locomotive hauled railway service.
1.2 This specification is for solid design roller bearing axles with machined bodies.
1.3 Various axle designs are used for this service including motor and non-motor with either inboard or outboard journals.
1.4 Supplementary requirements including those in the general requirements of Specification A 788/A 788M are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.
1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the axles shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
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Designation: A729/A729M – 09
Standard Specification for
Alloy Steel Axles, Heat-Treated, for Mass Transit and
1
Electric Railway Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA729/A729M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,
1.1 This specification covers heat-treated alloy steel axles
Blooms, and Forgings
for mass transit and commuter cars in electric and locomotive
E1426 Test Method for Determining the Effective Elastic
hauled railway service.
Parameter for X-Ray Diffraction Measurements of Re-
1.2 This specification is for solid design roller bearing axles
sidual Stress
with machined bodies.
2.2 Other Standards:
1.3 Various axle designs are used for this service including
AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Prac-
motor and non-motor with either inboard or outboard journals.
3
tices Wheels and Axles
1.4 Supplementary requirements including those in the gen-
eral requirements of Specification A788/A788M are provided
3. Ordering Information
for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These
3.1 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to
shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser
the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-
in the order.
lines ordering information, manufacturing requirements, test-
1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-
ing and retesting methods and procedures, marking, certifica-
tion designation, the axles shall be furnished to the inch-pound
tion, product analysis variations, and additional supplementary
units.
requirements.
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1.1 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, then the
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
requirements of this specification shall prevail.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.2 In addition to the ordering information required by
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
SpecificationA788/A788M, the purchaser should include with
with the standard.
the inquiry and order a detailed drawing, sketch or written
2. Referenced Documents description of the axle showing complete details pertaining to
2
dimensions, tolerances if more restrictive than those contained
2.1 ASTM Standards:
in this specification, degree of finish, and location of stamping.
A29/A29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,
3.2.1 Unlessthepurchaserdesignatesaclassinthepurchase
Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
order or contract, the class used shall be at the producer’s
A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination
discretion.
of Steel Forgings
3.3 Supplementary requirements, if needed, including any
A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel
that are appropriate from Specification A788/A788M.
Forgings
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
4. Chemical Requirements
quirements
4.1 Chemical Composition—The steel shall conform to the
chemical requirements specified in Table 1.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
4.2 Seven classes of steel are included in Table 1. Unless
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
otherwisespecifiedbythepurchaser,thechoiceofsteelclassto
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published April 2009. Originally
be used for any given axle grade is at the option of the
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as A729/A729M – 06.
producer.
DOI: 10.1520/A0729_A0729M-09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from the Association of American Railroads, http://
the ASTM website. www.aarpublications.com/.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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A729/A729M – 09
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition %
A
Class A Class B Class C Class D Class F ClassesG&H
Carbon 0.43-0.48 0.28-0.33 0.38-0.43 0.28-0.33 0.45-0.59 .
Manganese 0.75-1.00 0.40-0.6
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A729/A729M–06 Designation: A 729/A 729M – 09
Standard Specification for
Alloy Steel Axles, Heat-Treated, for Mass Transit and
1
Electric Railway Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 729/A 729M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers heat-treated alloy steel axles for mass transit and commuter cars in electric and locomotive hauled
railway service.
1.2 This specification is for solid design roller bearing axles with machined bodies.
1.3 Various axle designs are used for this service including motor and non-motor with either inboard or outboard journals.
1.4 Supplementary requirements including those in the general requirements of Specification A 788/A 788M are provided for
use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the
order.
1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the axles shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.
1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound SI units or SI (metric) inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard.
Within the text and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system aremay not be exact equivalents;
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in
non-conformance with the specification. standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
A 275/A 275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings
A 388/A 388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Forgings
A 788/A 788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E 381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and Forgings
E 1426 Test Method for Determining the Effective Elastic Parameter for X-Ray Diffraction Measurements of Residual Stress
2.2 Other Standards:
3
AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices Wheels and Axles
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A 788/A 788M, which outlines
ordering information, manufacturing requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures, marking, certification, product
analysis variations, and additional supplementary requirements.
3.1.1 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict with the requirements of Specification A 788/A 788M, then the
requirements of this specification shall prevail.
3.2 In addition to the ordering information required by Specification A 788/A 788M, the purchaser should include with the
inquiry and order a detailed drawing, sketch or written description of the axle showing complete details pertaining to dimensions,
tolerances if more restrictive than those contained in this specification, degree of finish, and location of stamping.
3.2.1Unless3.2.1 Unless the purchaser designates a class in the purchase order or contract, the class used shall be at the
producer’s discretion.
3.3 Supplementary requirements, if needed, including any that are appropriate from Specification A 788/A 788M.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.06
on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved Sept.April 1, 2006.2009. Published September 2006.April 2009. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20052006 as
A 729/A 729M – 05a6.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from the Association of American Railroads, http://www.aarpublications.com/.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A 729/A 729M – 09
4. Chemical Requirements
4.1 Chemical Composition—The steel sha
...
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