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ASTM E701-80(2018)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Municipal Ferrous Scrap

Standard Test Methods for Municipal Ferrous Scrap

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The establishment of these test methods for municipal ferrous scrap as a raw material for certain industries (see Specification E702) will aid commerce in such scrap by providing the chemical and physical tests for the characterization of the scrap needed as a basis for communication between the purchaser and supplier.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover various tests for assessing the usefulness of a ferrous fraction recovered from municipal wastes.  
1.2 These test methods comprise both chemical and physical tests, as follows:    
Section  
Sampling  
5  
Bulk Density  
6  
Total Combustibles  
7  
Chemical Analysis (for Industries Other Than the
Detinning Industry)  
8  
Magnetic Fraction (for the Detinning Industry)  
9  
Chemical Analysis for Tin (for the Detinning Industry)  
10  
Metallic Yield for All Industries Other Than the Copper
Industry and the Detinning Industry  
11  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2018
ICS
13.030.10 - Solid wastes
Technical Committee
D34 - Waste Management
Drafting Committee
D34.03 - Treatment, Recovery and Reuse
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D2234/D2234M-16 - Standard Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal
Effective Date
01-Mar-2016
Refers
ASTM D2234/D2234M-17 - Standard Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal
Effective Date
15-Oct-2017
Refers
ASTM D2234/D2234M-19 - Standard Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal
Effective Date
01-Dec-2019
Refers
ASTM C29/C29M-16 - Standard Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate
Effective Date
01-Feb-2016
Refers
ASTM C29/C29M-17 - Standard Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate
Effective Date
01-Jan-2017
Refers
ASTM E351-18 - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Cast Iron—All Types
Effective Date
01-Jul-2018
Referred By
ASTM D5833-12(2020) - Standard Guide for Source Reduction Reuse, Recycling, or Disposal of Steel Cans
Effective Date
01-Nov-2018
Referred By
ASTM E702-21 - Standard Specification for Municipal Ferrous Scrap
Effective Date
01-Nov-2018

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ASTM E701-80(2018) - Standard Test Methods for Municipal Ferrous Scrap
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E701 − 80 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Municipal Ferrous Scrap
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E701; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope and Voids in Aggregate
C702/C702MPractice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate
1.1 These test methods cover various tests for assessing the
to Testing Size
usefulness of a ferrous fraction recovered from municipal
D2234/D2234MPractice for Collection of a Gross Sample
wastes.
of Coal
1.2 These test methods comprise both chemical and physi-
E30TestMethodsforChemicalAnalysisofSteel,CastIron,
cal tests, as follows: 3
Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron (Withdrawn 1995)
Section
E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With
Sampling 5
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
Bulk Density 6
Lot or Process
Total Combustibles 7
Chemical Analysis (for Industries Other Than the 8
E350Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel,
Detinning Industry)
Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and
Magnetic Fraction (for the Detinning Industry) 9
Wrought Iron
Chemical Analysis for Tin (for the Detinning Industry) 10
Metallic Yield for All Industries Other Than the Copper 11
E351TestMethodsforChemicalAnalysisofCastIron—All
Industry and the Detinning Industry
Types
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
E415Test Method for Analysis of Carbon and Low-Alloy
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Steel by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
E702Specification for Municipal Ferrous Scrap
and are not considered standard.
3. Significance and Use
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.1 The establishment of these test methods for municipal
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ferrous scrap as a raw material for certain industries (see
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- Specification E702) will aid commerce in such scrap by
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
providing the chemical and physical tests for the characteriza-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- tion of the scrap needed as a basis for communication between
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
the purchaser and supplier.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4. Hazards
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.1 Due to the origins of municipal ferrous scrap in waste
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
destined for disposal, common sense dictates that some pre-
cautions should be observed when conducting tests on the
2. Referenced Documents
samples. Recommended hygienic practices include using
2
gloves when handling municipal ferrous scrap and washing
2.1 ASTM Standards:
hands before eating or smoking.
C29/C29MTest Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”)
5. Sampling
1
5.1 Gross Sample of Loose Ferrous Scrap:
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on
Waste Management and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on
5.1.1 Takeaminimumofonegrosssamplehavingavolume
Treatment, Recovery and Reuse. 3 3
of7ft (0.2 m ) (approximately equal to a 55-gal drum).
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally
Guidance for determining the number of gross samples needed
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E701 – 80 (2010).
DOI: 10.1520/E0701-80R18. to characterize a given lot of material and methods for
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E701 − 80 (2018)
accumulating a gross sample can be found in Practices E122 described. Level the surface of the material manually to
and D2234/D2234M, respectively. In all cases, the actual minimize s
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This classification is intended for use in the marketing of mixed nonferrous metals.  
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5.1 This method is used to document the ability of solid waste resource recovery separators to concentrate or classify a particular component (or components) present in solid waste.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The procedures covered in this guide are general and provide the user with information helpful for writing sampling plans, safety plans, labeling and shipping procedures, chain-of-custody procedures, general sampling procedures, general cleaning procedures, and general preservation procedures.  
3.2 For purposes of this guide, it is assumed that the user has knowledge of the waste being sampled and the possible safety hazards.  
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1.1 This guide provides information for formulating and planning the many aspects of waste sampling (see 1.2) that are common to most waste sampling situations.  
1.2 The aspects of sampling that this guide addresses are as follows:    
Section  
Safety plans  
4  
Sampling plans  
5  
Quality assurance considerations  
6  
General sampling considerations  
7  
Preservation and containerization  
8  
Cleaning equipment  
9  
Packaging, labeling, and shipping procedures  
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1.3 This guide does not provide comprehensive sampling procedures for these aspects, nor does it serve as a guide to any specific application. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the procedures used are proper and adequate.  
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ASTM E702-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Municipal Ferrous Scrap

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the chemical and physical requirements of municipal ferrous scrap that are intended for use by such industries listed as follows: copper industry, iIron and steel foundries, iron and steel production, detinning industry, and ferroalloy industry. Municipal ferrous scrap shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition for the respective end uses prescribed. Also, municipal ferrous scrap shall conform to the physical properties for the respective end uses prescribed.
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1.1 This specification covers the chemical and physical requirements of municipal ferrous scrap that are intended for use by such industries listed as follows:  
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ASTM D5232-19(Practice)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice will identify waste materials that are potentially unstable when they come in contact with other materials at a waste treatment or disposal site.  
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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.  
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5.1 The laboratory weathering procedure will generate data that can be used to: (1) determine whether a solid material will produce an acidic, alkaline, or neutral effluent, (2) identify solutes in the effluent that represent dissolved weathering products formed during a specified period of time, (3) determine the mass of solute release, and (4) determine the rate at which solutes are released (from the solids into the effluent) under the closely controlled conditions of the test.  
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5.3 The laboratory weathering procedure provides conditions conducive to oxidation of solid material constituents and enhances the transport of weathering reaction products contained in the resulting weekly effluent. This is accomplished by controlling the exposure of the solid material sample to such environmental parameters as reaction environment temperature and application rate of water and oxygen.  
5.4 Because efficient removal of reaction products is vital to track mineral dissolution rates during the procedure, laboratory leach volumes are large per unit mass of rock to promote the rinsing of weathering reaction products from the mine-rock sample. A comparison of laboratory kinetic tests with field tests has shown that more reaction products from mineral dissolution are consistently released per unit weight and unit time in laborat...
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1.1.2 Interlaboratory testing of this method has been confined to mine waste rock. Application of this test method to metallurgical processing waste (for example, mill tailings) is outside the scope of the test method.  
1.2 This test method is a modification of a laboratory weathering procedure developed originally for mining wastes (1-3).2 However, it may have useful application wherever gaseous oxidation coupled with aqueous leaching are important mechanisms for contaminant mobility.  
1.3 This test method calls for the weekly leaching of a well-characterized solid material sample (weighing at least 1000 g) with water of specified purity, and the collection and chemical characterization of the resulting leachate. Test duration is determined by the user’s objectives of the test. See Guide D8187.3  
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Standard Guide for Interpretation of Standard Humidity Cell Test Results

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Use of HCT Data and Testing Objectives—The laboratory weathering test method (D5744) generates data that can be used to:  
4.1.1 Determine whether a solid material will produce an acidic, alkaline, or neutral effluent;  
4.1.2 Identify solutes in the effluent that represent dissolved weathering products formed during a specified period of time, and inform the user of their potential to produce environmental impacts at a mining or metallurgical processing site under proposed operating conditions;  
4.1.3 Determine the mass of solute release; and  
4.1.4 Determine the rate at which solutes are released (from the solids into the effluent) under the closely controlled conditions of the test for comparison to other materials.  
4.1.5 These approaches are based on the existence of detailed mineralogical work and static tests that provide a basis for interpreting HCT results.  
4.1.6 Detailed mineralogical work might lead a reviewer to suspect either acid neutralization potential (ANP) or acid generation potential (AGP) minerals have questionable availability, which would be a significant factor in interpreting HCT results and decisions concerning test duration.  
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4.2.1 Determine the variation of drainage quality as a function of compositional variations (for example, iron sulfide and calcium plus magnesium carbonate contents) within individual mine rock lithologies;  
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1.1 This kinetic test guide covers interpretation and cooperative management of a standard laboratory weathering procedure, Test Method D5744. The guide suggests strategies for analysis and interpretation of data produced by Test Method D5744 on mining waste rock, metallurgical processing wastes, and ores.  
1.1.1 Cooperative management of the testing involves agreement of stakeholders in defining the objectives of the testing, analytical requirements, planning the initial estimate of duration of the testing, and discussion of the results at decision points to determine if the testing period needs to be extended and the disposition of the residues.  
1.2 The humidity cell test (HCT) enhances reaction product transport in the aqueous leach of a solid material sample of specified mass. Standard conditions allow comparison of the relative reactivity of materials during interpretation of results.  
1.3 The HCT measures rates of weathering product mass release. Soluble weathering products are mobilized by a fixed-volume aqueous leach that is performed and collected weekly. Leachate samples are analyzed for pH, alkalinity/acidity, specific conductance, sulfates, and other selected analytes which may be regulated in the environmental drainage at a particular mining or metallurgical processing site.  
1.4 This guide covers the interpretation of standard humidity cell tests conducted to obtain results for the following objectives:    
Guide and Objective  
Sections  
A – Confirmation of Static Testing Results  
5 – 6  
B – Evaluation of Reactivity and Leachate Quality
for Segregating Mine, Processing Waste, or
Ore  
7 – 8  
C – Evaluation of Quality of Neutralization
Potential Available to React with Produced
Acid  
9 – 10  
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ASTM D5198-17(Practice)
Standard Practice for Nitric Acid Digestion of Solid Waste

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the inorganic composition of a waste is often required for the selection of appropriate waste disposal practices. Solid waste may exist in a variety of forms and contain a range of organic and inorganic constituents. This practice describes a digestion procedure which dissolves many of the toxic inorganic constituents and produces a solution suitable for determination of total recoverable contents by such techniques as atomic absorption spectroscopy, atomic emission spectroscopy, and so forth. The relatively large sample size aids representative sampling of heterogenous wastes. The relatively small dilution factor allows lower detection limits than most other sample digestion methods. Volatile metals, such as lead and mercury, are not lost during this digestion procedure, however organo-lead and organo-mercury may not be completely digested. Hydride-forming elements, such as arsenic and selenium, may be partially lost. Samples with total metal contents greater than 5 % may give low results. The analyst is responsible for determining whether this practice is applicable to the solid waste being tested.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the partial digestion of solid waste using nitric acid for the subsequent determination of the total recoverable content of inorganic constituents.  
1.2 This practice is to be used when the concentrations of total recoverable elements are to be determined from a waste sample. Total recoverable elements are often not equivalent to total elemental content, because of the solubility of the speciated forms of the element in the sample matrix. Recovery from refractory sample matrices, such as soils, is usually significantly less than total concentrations of the elements present.  
Note 1: This practice has been used successfully for oily sludges and a municipal digested sludge standard [Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Sample No. 397]. The practice may be applicable to some elements not listed above, such as arsenic, barium, selenium, cobalt, magnesium, and calcium. Refractory elements such as silicon, silver, and titanium, as well as organo-mercury, are not solubilized by this practice.  
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Standard Test Method for Elemental Analysis of Soil and Solid Waste by Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Using Multiple Monochromatic Excitation Beams

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Elemental species such as Cr, Ni, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb are widely used in many industrial processes. These elements have been identified in many former industrial sites driving the need for a quick, easy method for testing on-site at trace levels in soil and solid waste matrices.  
5.2 This method may be used for quantitative determinations of Cr, Ni, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb in soil matrices and solid waste. Typical test time is 90 seconds to 15 minutes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is based upon energy-dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry using multiple monochromatic excitation beams for detection and quantification of selected heavy metal elements in soil and related solid waste.  
1.2 This test method is also known as High Definition X-ray Fluorescence (HDXRF) or Multiple Monochromatic Beam EDXRF (MMB-EDXRF).  
1.3 This test method is applicable to various soil matrices for the determination of Cr, Ni, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb in the range of 1 to 5000 mg/kg, as specified in Table 1 and determined by a ruggedness study using representative samples. The limit of detection (LOD) for each element is listed in Table 1. The LOD is estimated by measuring a SiO2 blank sample (see Table X1.1 in Appendix X1).  
1.4 This test method is applicable to other elements: Sb, Cu, Se, Ag, Tl, Zn, Ba, Au, Co, V, Fe, Mn, Mo, K, Rb, Sn, Sr, and Ti.  
1.5 X-ray Nomenclature—This standard names X-ray lines using the Siegbahn convention.2  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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