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ASTM D3892-93(2009)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics

Standard Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Packing and packaging provisions are outlined as needed for adequate transport of resins and finished products with a minimum of mishaps in shipment.
Commercial levels are included for all commercial and most federal and military shipments. Level A requirements are added for special military purchases only.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the packaging and packing of all thermoset and thermoplastic resins and fabricated shapes.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
Note 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2009
ICS
55.020 - Packaging and distribution of goods in general
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3892-93(2003) - Standard Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Replaced By
ASTM D3892-15 - Standard Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
Effective Date
01-Sep-2015
Referred By
ASTM D5336-22 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Polyphthalamide (PPA) Injection Molding Materials
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM D7445-18 - Standard Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Siding with Foam Plastic Backing (Backed Vinyl Siding)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM D2647-18 - Standard Specification for Crosslinkable Ethylene Plastics
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM D2517-18 - Standard Specification for Reinforced Epoxy Resin Gas Pressure Pipe and Fittings
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM D1755-21 - Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Resins
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6712-17 - Standard Specification for Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene (UHMW-PE) Solid Plastic Shapes
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM D5857-17 - Standard Specification for Polypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials Using ISO Protocol and Methodology
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM D3754-19 - Standard Specification for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Sewer and Industrial Pressure Pipe
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM D5047-17 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Terephthalate Film and Sheeting
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM D1562-22 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Cellulose Acetate Propionate Molding and Extrusion Compounds (CAP)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6778-20 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Polyoxymethylene Molding and Extrusion Materials (POM)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM D787-18 - Standard Specification for Ethyl Cellulose Molding and Extrusion Compounds
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6100-17 - Standard Specification for Extruded, Compression Molded and Injection Molded Polyoxymethylene Shapes (POM)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009

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ASTM D3892-93(2009) - Standard Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsASTM D3892-93(2009) - Standard Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
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ASTM D3892-93(2009) - Standard Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3892 − 93(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Practice for
Packaging/Packing of Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3892; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This practice covers the packaging and packing of all
4.1 Packing and packaging provisions are outlined as
thermoset and thermoplastic resins and fabricated shapes.
needed for adequate transport of resins and finished products
with a minimum of mishaps in shipment.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 Commercial levels are included for all commercial and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
most federal and military shipments. LevelArequirements are
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
added for special military purchases only.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Procedure
NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
5.1 Examination of Preparation for Delivery—Examine in
2. Referenced Documents
accordance with Table 1 to determine that packaging, packing,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
and marking comply with requirements specified in the con-
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
tractororder.Thesampleunitforthisexaminationshallbeone
2.2 Federal Standards:
shipping container fully prepared for delivery.
DepartmentofTransportation19A, Title49,CodeofFederal
5.2 Packaging—Packaging shall be commercial or LevelA,
Regulations, Section 178.190, Wooden Boxes—Glued,
3 as specified.
Plywood Cleated
5.2.1 Commercial—The material shall be packaged in ac-
DepartmentofTransportation17H, Title49,CodeofFederal
cordance with normal commercial practice. The complete
Regulations, Section 178.118, Steel Drums
package shall be designed to ensure the item against damage
2.3 Other Standards:
during shipment, handling, and storage.
National Motor Freight Classification
5 5.2.2 Level A—For Military Procurement Only:
Uniform Freight Classification Rules
5.2.2.1 Sheets, Rods, Tubes, Pipes, Fittings, and Other
3. Terminology Shapes—Unless otherwise specified in the contract or order,
individual fabricated shapes shall be packaged in such a
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of technical terms used in
mannerastoprotectthematerialagainstphysicalandmechani-
this practice pertaining to plastics, see Terminology D883.
cal damage and contamination during transit. Only items
comprised of a single National Stock number (NSN) or
1 identifying number shall be placed in one package. Individual
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.94 on Government/Industry sheets shall be masked or interleaved.
Standardization.
5.2.2.2 Rolls of Film or Sheeting—These shall be supplied
Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published April 2009. Originally
in rolls. Each roll shall be wrapped with at least one layer of
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D3892 - 93 (2003).
DOI: 10.1520/D3892-93R09. polyethylene film or kraft paper, and tightly sealed with tape to
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
prevent contamination.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
5.3 Packing—Packing shall be commercial or Level A, as
the ASTM website.
specified.
AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
5.3.1 Commercial
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to provide a standardized method and a set of basic instructions for special preparation conditioning of drop test samples being subjected to United Nations (UN) performance-oriented packaging certification as required by United States Department of Transportation Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (49 CFR) and the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UN).  
1.2 This guide provides guidance on conditioning test samples for drop testing plastic Non-Bulk Packaging, Intermediate Bulk Container (IBC), and Large Packaging designs intended for liquid hazardous materials (dangerous goods) as required by 49 CFR §178.603(c)(1), §178.810(b)(4), and §178.965(c), respectively. This guide also provides the minimum information that should be documented when conducting special preparation conditioning.  
1.3 The user of this guide shall be trained in accordance with 49 CFR §172.700 and other applicable hazardous materials regulations including: the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air, the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code), and carrier rules such as the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations.  
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1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Practice for Commercial Packaging

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice covers the requirements for the commercial preservation, packaging, packing (exterior container), unitization, and marking for supplies and equipment. It provides for multiple handling and shipment by any mode, and storage periods of a minimum of one year in enclosed facilities without degradation or damage to the product within the container. It also provides for package quantities suitable for redistribution without additional repackaging or marking. Planned storage that exceeds one year requires more than minimum requirements for physical and mechanical protection.  
4.2 This practice is applicable to Department of Defense shipments for:  
4.2.1 Items intended for immediate use;  
4.2.2 Items for not-mission-capable supply;  
4.2.3 Items intended for depot operational consumption;  
4.2.4 Small parcel shipments (CONUS), not-for-stock; and  
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4.3 All other Department of Defense shipments shall be in accordance with MIL-STD-2073–1.
SCOPE
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ASTM F2097-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Design and Evaluation of Primary Flexible Packaging for Medical Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This design and evaluation guide describes multiple categories for evaluating flexible medical packages and packaging materials. These include safety, barrier, material and package performance attributes and characteristics, package integrity, visibility and appearance, processing, printed ink, distribution simulation, and conditioning.  
4.2 The intent of this design and evaluation guide is to evaluate all cited categories and select those that are applicable. Once the product has been characterized and the sterilization methodology has been defined, there are numerous sets of requirements for any specific package. This design and evaluation guide provides an avenue for assessing these requirements and choosing test methods for both evaluating the package design and monitoring package compliance.
Note 1: Many of the standards included in this guide are consensus standards that are recognized by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Selection and use of a U.S. FDA recognized consensus standard is voluntary and the sole responsibility of the user in determining its applicability. For further information, consult the U.S. FDA Standards and Conformity Assessment Program at https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/device-advice-comprehensive-regulatoryassistance/standards-and-conformity-assessment-program  
4.3 Product characterization shall include mass or weight, geometry (length and width, height, and shape) and product composition.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides directions for the design and evaluation of primary flexible packages for medical products. The package materials must be selected appropriately for manufacturing process, end use, and the product being packaged.  
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Standard Practice for Integrity Assurance and Testing of Single-Use Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides:  
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4.1.2 An overview of physical and microbial test methods that could be applicable to SUS testing, for qualification and validation purposes, as well as for routine testing.  
4.1.3 Information on the main challenges faced when testing SUSs for integrity.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice uses quality risk management (QRM) and life-cycle approach to establish integrity assurance of single-use systems (SUSs), such as but not limited to bag assemblies and liquid transfer sets for processing, storage, and shipping of (bio)pharmaceutical products. It gives recommendations to identify failure modes and risks associated with such systems and their use-cases and how to identify the relevant leak(s) of concern. Integrity assurance in this context is limited to the barrier properties of the SUS, linked to microbial integrity and bioburden control (product quality) and liquid product loss (operator and environmental contamination). The required level of integrity assurance will depend on how critical the application is and can be interpreted in different ways. It can also vary between processes and applications used for different modalities (for example, advanced therapies). Other package barrier properties different from that, such as but not limited to gas barrier properties for gas headspace preservation, as well as porous barrier packages are not considered. Specific aspects how to address the contamination control strategy (CCS) for SUS are also described in chapters 8.131ff of the new Revision of Annex 1 (1),2 including chapter 8.137 regarding SUS integrity.  
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4.1 Standards and practices for assuring safety, quality, and weight stabilization during key steps of the cannabis/hemp flowers sojourn are in order.  
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1.1.2 This guide does not apply to cannabis/hemp intended for extraction.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Regulations prescribing the test procedures for hazardous materials packaging allow for the substitution of non-hazardous fill materials for packaging performance tests with certain limitations prescribed and guidance offered (see 49 CFR 178.602(c)). This regulatory guidance has proven to be flexible enough, in common industry practice, to produce variations in the selection of fill materials for package performance tests sufficient to cause inconsistent and non-repeatable test results. This variation creates significant problems in product liability, packaging selection and regulatory enforcement in this highly regulated industry. Use of this guide should enhance uniformity in test procedures.  
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5.3 The guide will be used by packaging manufacturers and packaging test labs to create packaging test plans that meet customer needs and conform to the HMR. In addition, for the user of a packaging, certain information about the type and physical characteristics of the material used to test the packaging must be available in the test report and/or notification instruction to allow evaluation of whether a particular packaging was tested with a substitute material appropriate for the hazardous material to be shipped.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this guide is to clarify the selection, use, and description criteria of non-hazardous particulate solid substitutes used to replace hazardous materials for the purpose of performance testing packagings. This includes identification of the physical parameters of substitute non-hazardous solid test fill materials that may affect packaging performance and test results and should be considered when selecting and describing a test fill material that conforms to the requirements of the Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR). This guide is intended for use with package testing procedures for particulate solid materials that have flow characteristics. It is not intended for use with hazardous articles.  
1.2 This guide provides information to assist packaging users, manufacturers, and performance testing service suppliers regarding the types of physical properties that should be considered when selecting substitute filling substances for the testing, certification and manufacture of packagings under the United Nations packaging protocols (UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods-Model Regulations) as adopted by US DOT in 49 CFR HMR.  
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Standard Guide for Testing of Hazardous Materials (Dangerous Goods) Packagings

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This guide identifies the key information required to ensure that selected packaging will pass the United Nations (UN) packaging certification at the level that is appropriate for its intended use. This guide covers test procedures for transportation of hazardous material packagings for net masses except those used for infectious substances, radioactive materials, cylinders, and other receptacles for gases and does not replace domestic or international requlatory requirements for hazardous material packagings. The UN performance tests are based on the degree of hazard posed by the proposed materials to be packaged which are also assigned to a specific packing group. Only packaging designs that meet the UN performance standards are to be marked with a UN mark. Tests include drop test, leakproofness test, stack test, vibration test, pressure differential test, hydrostatic pressure test, and cobb water absorption test.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The UN performance tests are based on the degree of hazard presented by the proposed hazardous material(s) to be packaged.  
4.2 Substances and articles which are hazardous are assigned to a specific packing group as defined in 3.8.1 and may be determined by referencing 49 CFR 172.101 hazardous materials table.  
4.3 Only packaging designs that have been successfully tested to the UN performance standards as defined in 3.8.2 may have the UN specification mark applied to the outer packaging. Hazardous Materials may not be transported in a packaging that does not bear the appropriate UN specification markings unless otherwise authorized by the applicable competent authority.  
4.4 Packages successfully tested to the UN performance standards may or may not withstand the North American distribution environment. To further evaluate the suitability of the package it is strongly recommended that additional tests as detailed in Practice D4169 or other carrier specified test requirements be conducted.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide identifies the key information required for United Nations (UN) packaging certification to ensure the selected packaging will be certified to the appropriate level for its intended use and provides guidance for locating relevant sections of the United States Department of Transportation Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Consult with a regulatory specialist whenever needed.  
1.2 This guide provides assistance in determining the appropriate performance tests required to certify packaging designs to the United States Department of Transportation Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations performance oriented packaging standards based on the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods..  
1.3 This guide covers the testing for transportation of hazardous materials (dangerous goods) packagings for net masses not exceeding 400 kg (880 lb) or capacities not exceeding 450 L (119 gal), excepting packagings for infectious substances, radioactive materials, cylinders and other receptacles for gases.  
1.4 This guide does not replace domestic or international regulatory requirements for hazardous materials packaging but is strongly recommended to be used in conjunction with those regulations.  
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SCOPE
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1.4 The definitions in this terminology are grouped into related areas under principal concepts. The broad descriptor term for each group is followed in alphabetical order by narrower terms and related terms. Cross-references are included where the concept group is not obvious.  
1.5 Terminology related to flexible barrier packaging is found in Terminology F17.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7860-14(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Torque Retention for Child Resistant and Non-Child Resistant Packages with Continuous Thread Closures Using Automated Torque Testing Equipment

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method allows for the measurement of the torque retention properties of container/continuous thread closure systems of various designs, materials, and manufacture, and is suitable for package development and engineering evaluation.  
5.2 Each test method can be used for the evaluation of non child resistant container/continuous thread closure systems under controlled conditions such as when the application torque is known and the applied downward force to the closure is zero or for Type I, style “A” push down and turn child resistant container/continuous thread closure systems under controlled conditions such as when the application torque and the applied downward force to the closure is known.  
5.3 This test method measures torque retention properties of container/continuous thread closure systems with the use of an automated transducer based torque meter operating at a known rotational velocity (rpm) or known torque ramp.  
5.4 This test method is intended for measurement of dry torque only.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods evaluate the torque retention of continuous thread closures on containers with matching finishes, for predetermined environmental conditions over time. Methods are defined for both Type I, style “A” push down and turn Type II2 child resistant and non child resistant type closures.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: The SI unit system is the recommended system.  
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1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Random Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Shipping containers are exposed to complex dynamic stresses in the distribution environment. Approximating the actual damage, or lack of damage, experienced in real life may require subjecting the container and its contents to random vibration tests. In this way, many product and container resonances are simultaneously excited.  
4.2 Resonance buildups during random vibration tests are less intense than during sinusoidal resonance dwell or sweep tests. Therefore, unrealistic fatigue damage due to resonance buildup is minimized.  
4.3 Random vibration tests should be based on representative field data. When possible, confidence levels may be improved by comparing laboratory test results with actual field shipment effects. Refer to Practice D4169 for recommended random vibration tests. (See Appendix X1 and Appendix X2 for related information.)  
4.4 There is no direct equivalence between random vibration tests and sinusoidal vibration tests. Equivalent tests between sine and random, in a general sense, are difficult to establish due to nonlinearities, damping and product response characteristics.  
4.5 Vibration exposure affects the shipping container, its interior packing, means of closure, and contents. This test allows analysis of the interaction between these components. Design modification to one or all of these components may be used to achieve optimum performance in the shipping environment.  
4.6 Random vibration tests may be simultaneously performed with transient or periodic data to simulate known stresses of this type, that is, rail joints, pot holes, etc.  
4.7 Random vibration may be conducted in any axis (vertical or horizontal) or in any package orientation. However, different test levels may be utilized for each axis depending on the field environment that is to be simulated.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the random vibration testing of filled shipping units. Such tests may be used to assess the performance of a container with its interior packing and means of closure in terms of its ruggedness and the protection that it provides the contents when subjected to random vibration inputs.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance in the development and use of vibration data in the testing of shipping containers.
Note 1: Sources of supplementary information are listed in the Reference section (1-11).2  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazard statements are given in Section 6.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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