ASTM D7209-06
(Guide)Standard Guide for Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery, and Use of Recycled Polymeric Materials and Products (Withdrawn 2015)
Standard Guide for Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery, and Use of Recycled Polymeric Materials and Products (Withdrawn 2015)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is intended for use by committees or agencies concerned with the development of standards related to recycling, waste reduction, and resource recovery. Such standards are expected to provide uniform, standardized approaches by specifiers, codes, authorities having jurisdiction (AHJs), and consumers.
It is anticipated that more specific guides or standards are being or will be developed to address specific requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides information for the development of standards (guides, practices, terminology, test methods, or specifications) relating to plastics recycling and other means of waste reductions and resource recovery.
1.2 This guide is directed to consumer, commercial, and industrial sources of thermoplastics and thermoset polymeric materials.
1.3 This guide addresses terminology, performance standards, specifications, quality assurance, separation or segregation of product by classes, identification and marking of generic classes, contaminants, fillers, designing for recycle, degradable products, reconstituted products, biobased resins, certification and percentages of recycled products, and other methods of waste reduction and resource recovery.
1.4 This guide does not address parameters or factors involving the original manufacture of virgin polymers or the fabrication of consumer products from these virgin polymers.
1.5 This guide is intended to replace Guide D 5033.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1
There is no equivalent ISO standard. ISO/DIS 15270 is similar in scope and content.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide provides information for the development of standards (guides, practices, terminology, test methods, or specifications) relating to plastics recycling and other means of waste reductions and resource recovery.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D20 on Plastics, this guide was withdrawn in January 2015 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7209 − 06
StandardGuide for
Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery, and Use of Recycled
Polymeric Materials and Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7209; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1972 Practice for Generic Marking of Plastic Products
D2665 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic
1.1 This guide provides information for the development of
Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings
standards (guides, practices, terminology, test methods, or
D5033 GuideforDevelopmentofASTMStandardsRelating
specifications) relating to plastics recycling and other means of
to Recycling and Use of Recycled Plastics (Withdrawn
waste reductions and resource recovery.
2007)
1.2 This guide is directed to consumer, commercial, and
2.2 Federal Standards:
industrial sources of thermoplastics and thermoset polymeric
16 CFR Part 260 Guides for the Use of Environmental
materials.
Marketing Claims
1.3 This guide addresses terminology, performance
2.3 ISO/IEC Standards:
standards, specifications, quality assurance, separation or seg-
ISO/DIS 15270 Guide for Recovery
regation of product by classes, identification and marking of
generic classes, contaminants, fillers, designing for recycle,
3. Terminology
degradable products, reconstituted products, biobased resins,
3.1 Definitions:
certification and percentages of recycled products, and other
3.1.1 agglomerate, n—shredded or granulated plastics ma-
methods of waste reduction and resource recovery.
terial or both in the form of particles that cling together.
1.4 This guide does not address parameters or factors
3.1.2 bale, n—plastics waste that is compacted and secured
involving the original manufacture of virgin polymers or the
as a bundle to facilitate handling, storage, and transportation.
fabrication of consumer products from these virgin polymers.
3.1.3 batch, n—quantityofmaterialregardedasasingleunit
1.5 This guide is intended to replace Guide D5033.
and having a unique reference.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4 biobased resin, n—resin in which carbon is derived
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
from a renewable resource by means of biological processes
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and the environmental benefits of the biobased resin are
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
demonstrated and this includes resins derived from plant
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
resources (such as starch or cellulose) or those produced by
microbial fermentation.
NOTE 1—There is no equivalent ISO standard. ISO/DIS 15270 is
similar in scope and content.
3.1.5 biodegradable plastic, n—degradable plastic in which
the degradation results from the action of naturally occurring
2. Referenced Documents
microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.6 biodegradation, n—degradation caused by biological
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
activity, especially by enzymatic action leading to a significant
D1600 Terminology forAbbreviatedTerms Relating to Plas-
change in the chemical structure of a material.
tics
3.1.7 certificate of composition disclosure, n—certificate
describing certain properties of a recycled material from an
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.95 on Recycled Plastics.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2006. Published February 2006. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D7209-06. www.astm.org.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7209 − 06
external source, its formulation and source, and the specific 3.1.21.1 Discussion—The shape of regrind depends on the
material shipment to which it applies. shape of the product being processed and the regrind process
used.
3.1.7.1 Discussion—Examples include polymer, molecular
weight, percentage of inorganic material, contamination type
3.1.22 fluff, n—filament-like regrind.
and level, strength, modulus, impact, and other mechanical
3.1.22.1 Discussion—Common usage of the term fluff also
properties; code or designation identifying the formulation and
includesshredderresiduefractionsproducedinthecommercial
source information.
recycling of durable goods such as automobiles.
3.1.8 chemical recycling, v—processing of waste material,
3.1.23 heterogeneity, n—degree to which a constituent or a
withsignificantchangetothechemicalstructureofthematerial
property or both is not uniformly distributed throughout a
(such as cracking, gasification, and depolymerization), but
relevant quantity of plastics material.
excluding energy recovery or incineration.
3.1.23.1 Discussion—Amaterial may be homogeneous with
3.1.9 chips, n—see regrind.
respect to one constituent or property but heterogeneous with
3.1.9.1 Discussion—Chips is a deprecated term.
respect to another.
3.1.10 collection, n—logistical process of moving (plastics)
3.1.24 homogenizing, v—processing to improve the degree
waste from its source to a place where it can be recovered.
to which a constituent or property or both is uniformly
distributed throughout a quantity of plastics material.
3.1.11 commingled plastics, n—mixture of materials or
products consisting of different types of plastics.
3.1.25 hydrolytically degradable, adj—degradable plastic in
which the degradation results from hydrolysis.
3.1.12 compostable plastic, n—plastic that undergoes deg-
radation by biological processes during composting to yield
3.1.26 impurity, n—see contaminant.
carbon dioxide, water, inorganic compounds, and biomass at a
3.1.26.1 Discussion—Impurity is a deprecated term.
rate consistent with other known, compostable materials and
3.1.27 industrial rework, n—reworkgeneratedbyadifferent
leaves no visually distinguishable or toxic residue.
company or manufacturing plant from the company or manu-
3.1.13 contaminant, n—unwanted substance or material de-
facturing plant producing the products to this specification and
fined according to the intended use.
the composition is known by the industrial source of the
material.
3.1.14 converting, v—shaping plastics raw material to make
a usable semifinished or finished product. 3.1.27.1 Discussion—The material shall not be purchased
from a third party (for example, grinding, repackaging facility)
3.1.15 degradable plastic, n—plastic designed to undergo a
unless there is a documented system in place to ensure that the
significant change in its chemical structure under specific
material is clean, free of contamination, and is of a single
environmental conditions resulting in a loss of some properties
source and single material compound. Postconsumer recycled
that may vary as measured by standard test methods appropri-
material is not industrial rework and is prohibited from use in
ate to the plastic and the application in a period of time that
products within Specification D2665.
determines its classification.
3.1.28 landfill, n—waste disposal site for the deposit of
3.1.15.1 Discussion—Types of degradable plastics include
waste onto or into land under controlled or regulated condi-
biodegradable, hydrolytically degradable, oxidatively
tions.
degradable, and photodegradable. Refer to Terminology D883
for definitions.
3.1.29 lot, n—definite quantity of some commodity manu-
factured or produced under conditions that are presumed
3.1.16 depolymerization, n—chemical reversion of a poly-
mertoitsmonomer(s)orapolymeroflowerrelativemolecular uniform.
mass. 3.1.29.1 Discussion—Lot is primarily a commercial term.
3.1.17 energy recovery, n—use of combustible waste as a
3.1.30 material recovery, n—material processing operations
means to generate energy through direct incineration with or including mechanical recycling, feedstock (chemical)
without other waste but with recovery of the heat.
recycling, and organic recycling, but excluding energy recov-
ery.
3.1.18 environmental aspects, n—element of an organiza-
3.1.30.1 Discussion—see also recovery.
tion’s activities, products, or services that can interact with the
environment.
3.1.31 mechanical recycling, v—processing of plastics
waste into secondary raw material or products without signifi-
3.1.19 environmental impact, n—any change to the
cantly changing the chemical structure of the material.
environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or
partially, resulting from an organization’s activities or prod- 3.1.31.1 Discussion—Plastics secondary raw material is a
ucts. synonym of recyclate.
3.1.20 feedstock (chemical) recycling, v— processing of 3.1.32 micronizing, v—process by which plastics material is
plastics material resulting in significant change to the chemical finely ground into powder.
structure of the material (such as cracking, gasification, and
3.1.33 off-grade material, n—polymer or plastics material
depolymerization), excluding energy recovery or incineration.
of composition that is not represented to meet its manufactur-
3.1.21 flake, n—plate-like regrind. er’s specification.
D7209 − 06
3.1.34 organic recycling, n—aerobic, that is, composting, or 3.1.44 recovery, n—processing of (plastics) waste material
anaerobic (biomethanization) treatment of biodegradable plas- for the original purpose or for other purposes including energy
tic under controlled conditions using microorganisms to pro- recovery.
duce stabilized organic residues, methane, and carbon dioxide.
3.1.45 recyclate, n—plastic material resulting from the re-
3.1.35 oxidatively degradable plastic, n— degradable plas- cycling of plastics.
tic in which the degradation results primarily from oxidation.
3.1.45.1 Discussion—Plastics secondary raw material and
recycled plastics are synonymous of recyclate. The term,
3.1.36 photodegradable plastic, n—degradable plastic in
regenerate, is also used.
which the degradation results primarily from the action of
natural daylight.
3.1.46 recycled content, n—percentage by weight of recy-
clate in a material or product.
3.1.37 plastics recycling, n—process by which plastic ma-
terialsorproductsthatwouldotherwisebecomesolidwasteare
3.1.47 recycled plastic, n—see recyclate.
collected, processed, and returned to use in plastic products
3.1.48 recycling, v—processing in a production process of
that have fulfilled their intended purpose or can no longer be
(plastics) waste materials for the original purpose or for other
used; this includes material returned from within the distribu-
purposes, but excluding energy recovery.)
tion chain.
3.1.49 regrind, n—shredded or granulated recovered plas-
3.1.38 plastics waste, n—any plastics material or object that
tics material reclaimed by shredding and granulating sprues
the holder discards, or intends to discard, or is required to
and runners for use in houses.
discard.
3.1.49.1 Discussion—The term regrind is frequently used to
3.1.39 postconsumer material, n—plastics material, gener-
describe plastics materials in the form of scrap generated in a
ated by the end users of products that has fulfilled its intended
plastics processing operation and used in-house.
purpose or can no longer be used, this includes material
3.1.50 resource recovery, n—recovery of material or energy.
returned from within the distribution chain.
3.1.51 reuse, n—use of a product more than once in its
3.1.39.1 Discussion—Postconsumer material is part of the
original form.
broader category of recovered material. Postconsumer plastics
may come from households or commercial, industrial, and 3.1.51.1 Discussion—In view of the fact that a reused
institutional facilities in their role as end users of a product. product has not been discarded, reuse does not constitute a
Some entities use the term “postcommercial” to identify recovery option.
substantial amounts of similar or identical postcommercial
3.1.52 shredding, v—any mechanical process by which
material from a nonhousehold source. Another term for post-
plastics waste is fragmented into irregular pieces of any
consumer plastic is “postconsumer resin.”
dimension or shape.
3.1.40 preconsumer plastics material, n— plastics material
3.1.52.1 Discussion—Shreddingusuallysignifiesthetearing
that has been diverted from the waste stream before reaching
or cutting of materials that cannot be crushed by fragmentation
the consumer, but excluding reutilization of material such as
methods applicable to brittle materials, as typically carried out
rework, regrind, or scrap generated in the process and capable
in a hammer mill or similar process.
of being reclaimed within the same process.
3.1.53 source reduction, n—process that reduces the waste
3.1.41 purge material, n—material resulting from the pass-
from any step, such as design, manufacturing, packaging,
ing of polymer through plastics processing equipment for the
acquisition, and provision for reuse of material.
purpose of cleaning the equipment or when changing from one
3.1.54 virgin plastic, n—plastic material in the form of
polymer to another or from one color or grade of polymer to
pellets, granules, powder, floc, or liquid that has not been
another.
subjected to use or processing other than that required for its
3.1.42 reconstituted plastic, n—material made by chemical
initial manufacture.
or thermal breakdown of plastics scrap into basic components
3.1.55 waste, n—any substance or object that the holder
followed by their chemical conversion into a suitable compo-
discards or intends or is required to discard.
sition.
3.1.56 wide-spec resin, n—resin that deviates from the
3.1.43 recovered material, n—(plastics) materials and by-
manufacturer’s virgin resin specification in one or more prop-
products that have been separated, diverted, or removed from
erties.
the solid waste stream, but not including those materials and
3.1.56.1 Discussion—Also known as utility grade. Obsoles-
by-products generated from and reused within an
...
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