ASTM C188-95(2003)

Standard Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of the density of hydraulic cement. Its particular usefulness is in connection with the design and control of concrete mixtures. The density of hydraulic cement is defined as the mass of a unit volume of the solids. The apparatus to be used is a Le Chatelier flask which is circular in cross-section. This flask shall be thoroughly annealed before being graduated. They shall be of sufficient thickness to ensure reasonable resistance to breakage. Each flask shall bear a permanent identification number and the stopper, if not interchangeably ground, shall bear the same number. Interchangeable ground-glass parts shall be marked on both members with the standard-taper symbol, followed by the size designation. The standard temperature shall be indicated, and the unit of capacity shall be shown by the letters “mL” placed above the highest graduation mark. Kerosene, free of water, or naphtha shall be used in the density determination. The flask shall be filled with either of the liquids mentioned to a point on the stem between the 0 and the 1-mL mark. The inside of the flask shall be dried above the level of the liquid, if necessary, after pouring. The first reading shall be recorded after the flask has been immersed in the water bath. A quantity of cement shall be introduced in small increments at the same temperature as the liquid. A vibrating apparatus may be used to accelerate the introduction of the cement into the flask and to prevent the cement from sticking to the neck. After all the cement has been introduced, the stopper shall be placed in the flask and the flask shall be rolled in an inclined position, or gently whirl it in a horizontal circle, so as to free the cement from air until no further air bubbles rise to the surface of the liquid. If a proper amount of cement has been added, the level of the liquid will be in its final position at some point of the upper series of graduations. The final reading shall be recorded after the flask has been immersed in the water bath. The difference between the first and the final readings represents the volume of liquid displaced by the mass of cement used in the test. The cement density can now be determined.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of hydraulic cement. Its particular usefulness is in connection with the design and control of concrete mixtures.
1.2 The density of hydraulic cement is defined as the mass of a unit volume of the solids.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jun-2003
• ICS: 91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
• Technical Committee: C01 - Cement
• Drafting Committee: C01.25 - Fineness

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C188-95 - Standard Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM C188-09 - Standard Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C1328/C1328M-23 - Standard Specification for Plastic (Stucco) Cement
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C110-20 - Standard Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C989/C989M-22 - Standard Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C311/C311M-22 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E2243-13(2019) - Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) for Surface Mine Reclamation: Re-contouring and Highwall Reclamation
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E694-18 - Standard Specification for Laboratory Glass Volumetric Apparatus
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C1329/C1329M-23 - Standard Specification for Mortar Cement
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C138/C138M-23 - Standard Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C1603-23 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Solids in Water
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C845/C845M-18 - Standard Specification for Expansive Hydraulic Cement
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C10/C10M-19 - Standard Specification for Natural Cement
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C91/C91M-23 - Standard Specification for Masonry Cement
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C595/C595M-23 - Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
American Association State
Designation:C188–95 (Reapproved 2003) Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T133
Standard Test Method for
Density of Hydraulic Cement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C188; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density
of hydraulic cement. Its particular usefulness is in connection
with the design and control of concrete mixtures.
1.2 The density of hydraulic cement is defined as the mass
of a unit volume of the solids.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic
Cement
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
3. Apparatus
3.1 Le Chatelier flask—The standard flask, which is circular
in cross section, with shape and dimensions conforming
essentially to Fig. 1 (Note 1). The requirements in regard to
NOTE—Variations of a few millimetres in such dimensions as total
tolerance, inscription and length, spacing, and uniformity of
height of flask, diameter of base, and so forth, are to be expected and will
graduation will be rigidly observed. There shall be a space of
not be considered sufficient cause for rejection. The dimensions of the
at least 10 mm between the highest graduation mark and the
flask shown in Fig. 1 apply only to new flasks and not to flasks in use
lowest point of grinding for the glass stopper. which meet the other requirements of this test method.
FIG. 1 Le Chatelier Flask for Density Test
3.1.1 The material of construction shall be excellent quality
glass, transparent and free of striae. The glass shall be
ated. They shall be of sufficient thickness to ensure reasonable
chemically resistant and shall have small thermal hysteresis.
resistance to breakage.
The flasks shall be thoroughly annealed before being gradu-
3.1.2 The neck shall be graduated from 0 to 1 mL and from
18 to 24 mL in 0.1-mL graduations. The error of any indicated
capacity shall not be greater than 0.05 mL.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C01 on Cement,
3.1.3 Each flask shall bear a permanent identification num-
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.25 on Fineness.
Current edition approved June 10, 2003. Published August 2003. Originally
ber and the stopper, if not interchangeably ground, shall bear
approved in 1944. Last previous edition approved in 1995 as C188 – 95. DOI:
the same number. Interchangeable ground-glass parts shall be
10.1520/C0188-95R03.
2 marked on both members with the standard-taper symbol,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. followed by the size designation. The standard temperature
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C188–95 (2003)
shall be indicated, and the unit of capacity shall be shown by be in its final position at some point of the upper series of
the letters “mL” placed above the highest graduation mark. graduations. Take the final reading after the flask has been
3.2 Kerosine, free of water, or naphtha, having a density immersed in the water bath in accordance with 4.4.
greaterthan0.73g/mLat23 62°Cshallbeusedinthedensity 4.4 Immerse the flask in a constant-temperature water bath
determination. forsufficientperiodsoftimeinordertoavoidflasktemperature
3.3 The use of alternative equipment or methods for deter- variations greater than 0.2°C between the initial and the final
mining density is permitted provided that a single operator can readings.
obtain results within 6 0.03 Mg/m of the results obtained
5. Calculation
using the flask method.
5.1 The difference between the first and the final readings
NOTE 1—The design is intended to ensure complete drainage of the
represents the volume of liqui
...