ASTM E2338-11
(Practice)Standard Practice for Characterization of Coatings Using Conformable Eddy-Current Sensors without Coating Reference Standards
Standard Practice for Characterization of Coatings Using Conformable Eddy-Current Sensors without Coating Reference Standards
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Conformable Eddy-Current Sensors—Conformable, eddy-current sensors can be used on both flat and curved surfaces, including fillets, cylindrical surfaces, etc. When used with models for predicting the sensor response and appropriate algorithms, these sensors can measure variations in physical properties, such as electrical conductivity and/or magnetic permeability, as well as thickness of conductive coatings on any substrate and nonconductive coatings on conductive substrates or on a conducting coating. These property variations can be used to detect and characterize heterogeneous regions within the conductive coatings, for example, regions of locally higher porosity.
Sensors and Sensor Arrays—Depending on the application, either a single-sensing element sensor or a sensor array can be used for coating characterization. A sensor array would provide a better capability to map spatial variations in coating thickness and/or conductivity (reflecting, for example, porosity variations) and provide better throughput for scanning large areas. The size of the sensor footprint and the size and number of sensing elements within an array depend on the application requirements and constraints, and the nonconductive (for example, ceramic) coating thickness.
Coating Thickness Range—The conductive coating thickness range over which a sensor performs best depends on the difference between the electrical conductivity of the substrate and conductive coating and available frequency range. For example, a specific sensor geometry with a specific frequency range for impedance measurements may provide acceptable performance for an MCrAlY coating over a nickel-alloy substrate for a relatively wide range of conductive coating thickness, for example, from 75 to 400 μm (0.003 to 0.016 in.). Yet, for another conductive coating-substrate combination, this range may be 10 to 100 μm (0.0004 to 0.004 in.). The coating characterization performance may also depend on the thickness of a nonconduct...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of conformable eddy-current sensors for nondestructive characterization of coatings without standardization on coated reference parts. It includes the following: (1) thickness measurement of a conductive coating on a conductive substrate, (2) detection and characterization of local regions of increased porosity of a conductive coating, and (3) measurement of thickness for nonconductive coatings on a conductive substrate or on a conductive coating. This practice includes only nonmagnetic coatings on either magnetic (μ ≠ μ0) or nonmagnetic (μ = μ0) substrates. This practice can also be used to measure the effective thickness of a process-affected zone (for example, shot peened layer for aluminum alloys, alpha case for titanium alloys). For specific types of coated parts, the user may need a more specific procedure tailored to a specific application.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2338 − 11
Standard Practice for
Characterization of Coatings Using Conformable Eddy-
1
Current Sensors without Coating Reference Standards
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2338; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* B244 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness ofAnodic
Coatings on Aluminum and of Other Nonconductive
1.1 This practice covers the use of conformable eddy-
Coatings on Nonmagnetic Basis Metals with Eddy-
current sensors for nondestructive characterization of coatings
Current Instruments
without standardization on coated reference parts. It includes
D7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry
the following: (1) thickness measurement of a conductive
Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
coating on a conductive substrate, (2) detection and character-
Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coat-
ization of local regions of increased porosity of a conductive
ings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
coating, and (3) measurement of thickness for nonconductive
E376 Practice for Measuring Coating Thickness by
coatings on a conductive substrate or on a conductive coating.
Magnetic-Field or Eddy-Current (Electromagnetic) Test-
This practice includes only nonmagnetic coatings on either
ing Methods
magnetic (µ ≠ µ ) or nonmagnetic (µ = µ ) substrates. This
0 0
E543 Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
practice can also be used to measure the effective thickness of
Testing
a process-affected zone (for example, shot peened layer for
E1004 Test Method for Determining Electrical Conductivity
aluminum alloys, alpha case for titanium alloys). For specific
Using the Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Method
types of coated parts, the user may need a more specific
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
procedure tailored to a specific application.
G12 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Film
1.2 Specific uses of conventional eddy-current sensors are
Thickness of Pipeline Coatings on Steel (Withdrawn
3
covered by Practices D7091 and E376 and the following test
2013)
4
methods issued by ASTM: B244, E1004, and G12.
2.2 ASNT Documents:
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical cation and Certification In Nondestructive Testing
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
tion only and are not considered standard. cation of NDT Personnel
2.3 AIA Standard:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
NAS 410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5
Testing Personnel
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
NOTE 1—See Appendix X1.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to this
2. Referenced Documents
practice, refer to Terminology E1316. The following defini-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tions are specific to the conformable sensors:
3.1.1 conformable—refers to an ability of sensors or sensor
arraystoconformtononplanarsurfaceswithoutanysignificant
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
effects on the measurement results.
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on
Electromagnetic Method.
3
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E2338 - 06. DOI: www.astm.org.
4
10.1520/E2338-11. AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
5
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available fromAerospace IndustriesAssociation ofAmerica, Inc. (AIA), 1000
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on WilsonBlvd.,Suite1700,Arlington,VA22209-3928,http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
the ASTM website. (Replacement standard for MIL-STD-410.)
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ---------
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E2338–06 Designation:E2338–11
Standard Practice for
Characterization of Coatings Using Conformable Eddy-
1
Current Sensors without Coating Reference Standards
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2338; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers the use of conformable eddy-current sensors for nondestructive characterization of coatings without
standardization on coated reference parts. It includes the following: (1) thickness measurement of a conductive coating on a
conductive substrate, (2) detection and characterization of local regions of increased porosity of a conductive coating, and (3)
measurement of thickness for nonconductive coatings on a conductive substrate or on a conductive coating. This practice includes
only nonmagnetic coatings on either magnetic (µ fi µ ) or nonmagnetic (µ = µ ) substrates. This practice can also be used to
0 0
measure the effective thickness of a process-affected zone (for example, shot peened layer for aluminum alloys, alpha case for
titanium alloys). For specific types of coated parts, the user may need a more specific procedure tailored to a specific application.
1.2 Specific uses of conventional eddy-current sensors are covered by Practices D7091 and the following test methods issued
by ASTM: Test Methods B244, and E376 and the following test methods issued by ASTM: B244, E1004, and G12.
1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units are provided for information.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions
to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B244 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness ofAnodic Coatings onAluminum and of Other Nonconductive Coatings on
Nonmagnetic Basis Metals with Eddy-Current Instruments
D7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to Ferrous Metals
and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coatings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
E376 Practice for Measuring Coating Thickness by Magnetic-Field or Eddy-Current (Electromagnetic) Examination Methods
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E1004 Test Method for Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Method
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
G12 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Film Thickness of Pipeline Coatings on Steel
3
2.2 ASNT Documents:
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certification In Nondestructive Testing
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel
2.3 AIA Standard:
4
NAS 410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
NOTE 1—See Appendix X1.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on Electromagnetic
Method.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006. Published January 2007. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E2338-04. DOI:
10.1520/E2338-06.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E2338 - 06. DOI:
10.1520/E2338-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
4
Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc. (AIA), 1000 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209-3928, http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
(Replacement standard for MIL-STD-410.)
*A Summary of Cha
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.