ASTM D5420-04

Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Flat, Rigid Plastic Specimen by Means of a Striker Impacted by a Falling Weight (Gardner Impact)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative ranking of materials according to the energy required to crack or break flat, rigid plastic specimens under various specified conditions of impact of a striker impacted by a falling weight.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in brackets are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2004
• ICS: 83.140.10 - Films and sheets
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.10 - Mechanical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5420-98a - Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Flat, Rigid Plastic Specimen by Means of a Striker Impacted by a Falling Weight (Gardner Impact)
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2004
• Replaced By: ASTM D5420-10 - Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Flat, Rigid Plastic Specimen by Means of a Striker Impacted by a Falling Weight (Gardner Impact)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Referred By: ASTM F790-23 - Standard Guide for Testing Materials for Aerospace Plastic Transparent Enclosures
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D8161-17(2022) - Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Thermoplastic Pavement Marking Materials over a Highway Substrate by Means of a Striker Impacted by a Falling Weight
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2004
• Referred By: ASTM C1629/C1629M-23 - Standard Classification for Abuse-Resistant Nondecorated Interior Gypsum Panel Products and Fiber-Reinforced Cement Panels
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D4101-17e1 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Polypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D7745-19 - Standard Practice for Testing Pultruded Composites
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D4000-23 - Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2004

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5420 – 04
Standard Test Method for
Impact Resistance of Flat, Rigid Plastic Specimen by Means
1
of a Striker Impacted by a Falling Weight (Gardner Impact)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5420; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E171 Specification for Atmospheres for Conditioning and
Testing Flexible Barrier Materials
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftherelative
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
ranking of materials according to the energy required to crack
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
or break flat, rigid plastic specimens under various specified
conditions of impact of a striker impacted by a falling weight.
3. Terminology
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of plastics terms used in
standard.Thevaluesgiveninbracketsareforinformationonly.
this test method, see Terminologies D883 and D1600.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.1 failure (of test specimen)—the presence of any crack
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
or split created by the impact of the falling weight that can be
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
seen by the naked eye under normal laboratory lighting
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
conditions.
NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Failure shall include the following:
(1) complete shattering of the plaque; (2) any crack radiating
2. Referenced Documents
out toward the edges of the plaque on either surface of the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
plaque; (3) any radial crack within or just outside the impact
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
area of the striker; (4) any hole in the plaque, whether due to
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
brittle or ductile puncture, where unobstructed light or water
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
could pass through; (5) any brittle splitting of the bottom
Plastics
surface of the plaque; and (6) any glassy-type chip dislodged
D2794 Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to
from or loosened from the plaque.
the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)
3.2.1.2 Discussion—Since the interpretation of failure may
D3763 Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties of
be slightly different between material types, refer to the
Plastics Using Load and Displacement Sensors
appropriate material specification for guidance.
D4066 Classification System for Nylon Injection and Ex-
3.2.1.3 Discussion—Cracks usually start at the surface op-
trusion Materials (PA)
posite the one that is struck. For example, in some cases
D4226 Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Rigid Poly-
incipient cracking in glass-reinforced polymers is difficult to
(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Building Products
differentiate from the reinforcing fibers. In such cases, apply a
D5628 Test Method for Impact Resistance of Flat, Rigid
penetratingdyesuchasgentianviolettothestressedsurfaceto
Plastic Specimens by Means of a Falling Dart (Tup or
determine the onset of crack formation.
Falling Mass)
3.2.2 mean-failure energy (mean impact resistance)—the
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
energy required to produce 50% failures, equal to the product
Plastics Specimens
of the constant mass and mean failure height.
3.2.3 mean-failure height (impact-failure height)—the
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
height at which a standard mass, when dropped on test
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
specimens, will cause 50% failures.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2004. Published March 2004. Originally
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D5420-98. DOI:
4. Summary of Test Method
10.1520/D5420-04.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.1 In this test method, a weight falls through a guide tube
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
and impacts a striker resting on top of a supported specimen.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
The fixed weight is dropped from various heights (see Fig. 1).
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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