ASTM D2556-14

Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Adhesives Having Shear-Rate-Dependent Flow Properties Using Rotational Viscometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The principle of measurement is based upon a reversible isothermal change in apparent viscosity with change in rate of shear produced by a change in rotational speed.  
4.2 Measurement is performed with a rotational viscometer under standardized conditions with rigid control of the time intervals of measurement. Viscosity readings are obtained at the end of 1 min for each rotational speed. Changes from the lowest speed to the highest speed, and return to the lowest speed, are made without stopping the instrument.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the apparent viscosity of shear-rate-dependent adhesives using a rotational viscometer.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2014
• ICS: 83.180 - Adhesives
• Technical Committee: D14 - Adhesives
• Drafting Committee: D14.10 - Working Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D2556-11 - Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Adhesives Having Shear-Rate-Dependent Flow Properties
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2014
• Replaced By: ASTM D2556-14(2018) - Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Adhesives Having Shear-Rate-Dependent Flow Properties Using Rotational Viscometry
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D4317-16(2023) - Standard Specification for Polyvinyl Acetate-Based Emulsion Adhesives
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2014
• Referred By: ASTM C881/C881M-20a - Standard Specification for Epoxy-Resin-Base Bonding Systems for Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D7799-12a(2021) - Standard Specification for Tufted and Woven Broadloom Carpet Adhesives Without Homogenous PVC or Non-PVC Backings
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D4690-12(2018) - Standard Specification for Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Adhesives
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D7149-05(2021) - Standard Practice for Determining the Freeze Thaw Stability of Adhesives
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D1084-16(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Viscosity of Adhesives
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D8397-23 - Standard Specification for Acrylic and Reactive Adhesives for Installation of Vinyl and Rubber Floor Coverings
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D4689-12(2018) - Standard Specification for Adhesive, Casein-Type
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D6465-99(2016) - Standard Guide for Selecting Aerospace and General Purpose Adhesives and Sealants
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2014

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2556 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Apparent Viscosity of Adhesives Having Shear-Rate-
1
Dependent Flow Properties Using Rotational Viscometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2556; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
NOTE 1—The SI unit of mPa·s is equivalent to cP.
1. Scope
3.2.2 thixotropic index, n—the ratio of apparent viscosities
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the appar-
at two rotational speeds.
ent viscosity of shear-rate-dependent adhesives using a rota-
tional viscometer.
4. Significance and Use
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4.1 The principle of measurement is based upon a reversible
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
isothermal change in apparent viscosity with change in rate of
standard.
shear produced by a change in rotational speed.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2 Measurement is performed with a rotational viscometer
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
under standardized conditions with rigid control of the time
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
intervals of measurement. Viscosity readings are obtained at
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the end of 1 min for each rotational speed. Changes from the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
lowest speed to the highest speed, and return to the lowest
speed, are made without stopping the instrument.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5. Apparatus
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
5.1 Rotational Viscometer—The essential instrumentation
required providing the minimum rotational viscometer analyti-
3. Terminology
cal capabilities include:
3.1 Definitions:
5.1.1 A drive motor, to apply a unidirection rotational
3.1.1 Many terms in this test method are defined in Termi-
displacement to the specimen at a rate of 0.2 revolutions per
nology D907.
minute to 60 rev/min constant to within 61%.
3.1.2 Newtonian behavior, n—the property of a liquid in
5.1.2 Aforce sensor to measure the torque developed by the
which its viscosity is constant over a stated range of strain
specimen to within 61%.
rates. (Compare non-Newtonian behavior.)
5.1.3 A coupling shaft or other means to transmit the
rotational displacement from the motor to the specimen.
3.1.3 non-Newtonian behavior, n—the property of a liquid
in which its viscosity is not constant over a stated range of 5.1.4 A spindle, geometry, tool, or rotational element to fix
the specimen between the drive shaft and a stationary position.
strain rates.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
NOTE 2—Each rotational element typically covers a range of 1.5
decades of viscosity. The rotational element may be a spindle, disk, T-bar,
3.2.1 apparent viscosity, n—resistance to shear at a given
coaxial cylinder of other configuration selected by mutual agreement
rate of shear, expressed as viscosity in mPa·s.
among the parties involved.
NOTE 3—Do not use a scored, warped, or otherwise damaged rotational
element.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
5.1.5 Aspecimen container with capacity to contain the test
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.10 on Working
Properties.
specimen during testing.
Current edition approved March 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originally
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D2556 – 11. DOI: NOTE 4—The size of the container used is determined by the size and
10.1520/D2556-14.
design of the rotational element used.The container used may be specified
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
by mutual agreement among the parties involved.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1.6 A guard to protect the geometry from mechanical
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. damage.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D2556 − 14
5.1.7 A temperature sensor to provide an indication of the Record the rotational speed and the apparent viscosity deter-
specimen temperature in the range from 21 to 25°C readable to mined from the measured torque value according to the
within 60.2°C. manufacturer’s operations manual.
7.9 Repeat 7.8 until the lowe
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2556 − 11 D2556 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Apparent Viscosity of Adhesives Having Shear-Rate-
1
Dependent Flow Properties Using Rotational Viscometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2556; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the apparent viscosity of shear-rate-dependent adhesives.adhesives using a
rotational viscometer.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.No
other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Many terms in this test method are defined in Terminology D907.
3.1.2 Newtonian behavior, n—the property of a liquid in which its viscosity is constant over a stated range of strain rates.
(Compare non-Newtonian behavior.)
3.1.3 non-Newtonian behavior, n—the property of a liquid in which its viscosity is not constant over a stated range of strain
rates.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 apparent viscosity, n—resistance to shear at a given rate of shear, expressed as viscosity in absolute units. mPa·s.
NOTE 1—The SI unit of mPa·s is equivalent to cP.
3.2.2 thixotropic index, n—the ratio of apparent viscosities at two rotational speeds.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The principle of measurement is based upon a reversible isothermal change in apparent viscosity with change in rate of
shear.shear produced by a change in rotational speed.
4.2 Measurement is performed with a spindle, disk, T-bar, or coaxial cylinder rotational viscometer under standardized
conditions with rigid control of the time intervals of measurement. Readings Viscosity readings are obtained on the viscometer dial
scale at the end of 1 min for each rotational speed. Changes from the lowest speed to the highest speed, and return to the lowest
speed, are made without stopping the instrument.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.10 on Working Properties.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011March 1, 2014. Published January 2012March 2014. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 as
D2556 – 93a (2005).D2556 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/D2556-11.10.1520/D2556-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D2556 − 14
5. Apparatus
5.1 Rotational Viscometer—The apparatus consists of a spindle,essential instrumentation required providing disk, T-bar, or
coaxial-type viscometer with appropriate spindles, disks, T-bars, or cylinders. Do not use a scored, warped, or otherwise damaged
spindle, disk, T-bar, or cylinder. Except when using the coaxial cylinder-type viscometer, the size of container to be used is
determined by mutual agreement. Some instruments have two concentric scales, and care is to be taken to read the pointer on the
correct scale.the minimum rotational viscometer analytical capabilities include:
5.1.1 A drive motor, to apply a unidirection rotational displacement to the specimen at a rate of 0.2 revolutions per minute to
60 rev/min constant to within 61%.
5.1.2 A force sensor to measure the torque developed by the specimen to within 61%.
5.1.3 A coupling shaft or other means to transmit the rotational displacement from the motor to the specimen.
5.1.4 A spindle, geometry, tool, or rotational element to fix the specimen between the drive shaft and a stationary position.
NOTE
...