ASTM D2556-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Adhesives Having Shear-Rate-Dependent Flow Properties
Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Adhesives Having Shear-Rate-Dependent Flow Properties
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The principle of measurement is based upon a reversible isothermal change in apparent viscosity with change in rate of shear.
Measurement is performed with a spindle, disk, T-bar, or coaxial cylinder rotational viscometer under standardized conditions with rigid control of the time intervals of measurement. Readings are obtained on the viscometer dial scale at the end of 1 min for each rotational speed. Changes from the lowest speed to the highest speed, and return to the lowest speed, are made without stopping the instrument.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the apparent viscosity of shear-rate-dependent adhesives.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D2556 − 11
StandardTest Method for
Apparent Viscosity of Adhesives Having Shear-Rate-
1
Dependent Flow Properties
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2556; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the appar- 4.1 Theprincipleofmeasurementisbaseduponareversible
ent viscosity of shear-rate-dependent adhesives. isothermal change in apparent viscosity with change in rate of
shear.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information 4.2 Measurementisperformedwithaspindle,disk,T-bar,or
only. coaxial cylinder rotational viscometer under standardized con-
ditions with rigid control of the time intervals of measurement.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Readings are obtained on the viscometer dial scale at the end
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of 1 min for each rotational speed. Changes from the lowest
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
speed to the highest speed, and return to the lowest speed, are
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
made without stopping the instrument.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
3 3
2 5.1 Viscometer—The apparatus consists of a spindle, disk,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
T-bar, or coaxial-type viscometer with appropriate spindles,
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
disks, T-bars, or cylinders. Do not use a scored, warped, or
otherwise damaged spindle, disk, T-bar, or cylinder. Except
3. Terminology
when using the coaxial cylinder-type viscometer, the size of
3.1 Definitions:
container to be used is determined by mutual agreement. Some
3.1.1 Many terms in this test method are defined in Termi-
instruments have two concentric scales, and care is to be taken
nology D907.
to read the pointer on the correct scale.
3.1.2 Newtonian behavior, n—the property of a liquid in
4
5.2 Supporting Stand —Use a support for the viscometer
which its viscosity is constant over a stated range of strain
which consists of a suitable stand with a supporting arm
rates. (Compare non-Newtonian behavior.)
capableofbeingloweredorraisedeithermanuallyormechani-
3.1.3 non-Newtonian behavior, n—the property of a liquid
cally.
in which its viscosity is not constant over a stated range of
5.3 Thermometer—Use a precision thermometer, with
strain rates.
graduations not greater than 0.2°C (0.5°F), for temperature
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
measurements.
3.2.1 apparent viscosity, n—resistance to shear at a given
rate of shear, expressed as viscosity in absolute units.
6. Conditioning
6.1 Condition the adhesive sample and instrument at 23 6
0.5°C (73.4 6 1.0°F) (or other temperature agreed upon
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
between the adhesive vendor and the purchaser) at least 16 h.
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.10 on Working
Properties.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Originally
3
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D2556 – 93a (2005). The Brookfield Synchro-Lectric, Dial Reading or Digital Viscometers (or
DOI: 10.1520/D2556-11. Rheometers), Ranges Models LV, RV, HA or HB have been found satisfactory for
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or this purpose and are available from the Brookfield Engineering Laboratories,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Middleboro, MA.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The Brookfield Helipath Stand or other commercially available stands may be
the ASTM website. used.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2556 − 11
If special conditioning methods are necessary, such as the use 8. Report
ofacirculatingwaterbath,theyshallbenotedinthereport,see
8.1 Report the following information:
8.1.4.
8.1.1 Date of test and complete identification of the adhe-
sive tested, including type, source, manufacturer’s code num-
7. Procedure
bers, form, date of manufacture,
7.1 Select a viscometer and spindle (see Table X1.1), disk,
8.1.2 Name and model number of the instrument used,
T-bar, or cylinder suited to
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2556–93a(Reapproved2005) Designation: D2556 – 11
Standard Test Method for
Apparent Viscosity of Adhesives Having Shear-Rate-
1
Dependent Flow Properties
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2556; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the apparent viscosity of shear-rate-dependent adhesives.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: Many terms in this test method are defined in Terminology D907.
3.1.1 Newtonian behavior, n—the property of a liquid in which its viscosity is constant over a stated range of strain rates.
(Compare non-Newtonian behavior .)
3.1.2 non-Newtonian behavior, n—the property of a liquid in which its viscosity is not constant over a stated range of strain
rates.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 apparent viscosity, n—resistance to shear at a given rate of shear, expressed as viscosity in absolute units.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The principle of measurement is based upon a reversible isothermal change in apparent viscosity with change in rate of
shear.
4.2 Measurement is performed with a spindle, disk, T-bar, or coaxial cylinder rotational viscometer under standardized
conditions with rigid control of the time intervals of measurement. Readings are obtained on the viscometer dial scale at the end
of 1 min for each rotational speed. Changes from the lowest speed to the highest speed, and return to the lowest speed, are made
without stopping the instrument.
5. Apparatus
3 3 3
5.1 Viscometer—The apparatus consists of a spindle, disk, T-bar, or coaxial-type viscometer with appropriate spindles, disks,
T-bars, or cylinders. Do not use a scored, warped, or otherwise damaged spindle, disk, T-bar, or cylinder. Except when using the
coaxial cylinder-type viscometer, the size of container to be used is determined by mutual agreement. Some instruments have two
concentric scales, and care is to be taken to read the pointer on the correct scale.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.10 on Working Properties.
Current edition approved Oct.Dec. 1, 2005.2011. Published November 2005.January 2012. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 19972005 as
D2556–93a(1997).D2556 – 93a (2005). DOI: 10.1520/D2556-93AR05.10.1520/D2556-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The Brookfield Synchro-Lectric Viscometers, Models LV, RV, or HV have been found satisfactory for this purpose and are available from the Brookfield Engineering
Laboratories, Stoughton, MA.
3
The Brookfield Synchro-Lectric, Dial Reading or Digital Viscometers (or Rheometers), Ranges Models LV, RV, HAor HB have been found satisfactory for this purpose
and are available from the Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Middleboro, MA.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2556 – 11
4
5.2 Supporting Stand —Use a support for the viscometer which consists of a suitable stand with a supporting arm capable of
being lowered or raised either manually or mechanically.
5.3 Thermometer—Use a precision thermometer, with graduations not greater than 0.2°C (0.5°F), for temperature measure-
ments.
6. Conditioning
6.1 Condition the adhesive sample and instrument at 23 6 0.5°C (73.4 6 1.0°F) (or other temperature agreed upon between
the adhesive vendor and the purchaser) at
...
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