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ASTM F1321-92(2008)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Conducting a Stability Test (Lightweight Survey and Inclining Experiment) to Determine the Light Ship Displacement and Centers of Gravity of a Vessel

Standard Guide for Conducting a Stability Test (Lightweight Survey and Inclining Experiment) to Determine the Light Ship Displacement and Centers of Gravity of a Vessel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
From the light ship characteristics one is able to calculate the stability characteristics of the vessel for all conditions of loading and thereby determine whether the vessel satisfies the applicable stability criteria. Accurate results from a stability test may in some cases determine the future survival of the vessel and its crew, so the accuracy with which the test is conducted cannot be overemphasized. The condition of the vessel and the environment during the test is rarely ideal and consequently, the stability test is infrequently conducted exactly as planned. If the vessel is not 100 % complete and the weather is not perfect, there ends up being water or shipyard trash in a tank that was supposed to be clean and dry and so forth, then the person in charge must make immediate decisions as to the acceptability of variances from the plan. A complete understanding of the principles behind the stability test and a knowledge of the factors that affect the results is necessary.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the determination of a vessel's light ship characteristics. The stability test can be considered to be two separate tasks; the lightweight survey and the inclining experiment. The stability test is required for most vessels upon their completion and after major conversions. It is normally conducted inshore in calm weather conditions and usually requires the vessel be taken out of service to prepare for and conduct the stability test. The three light ship characteristics determined from the stability test for conventional (symmetrical) ships are displacement (“displ”), longitudinal center of gravity (“LCG”), and the vertical center of gravity (“KG”). The transverse center of gravity (“TCG”) may also be determined for mobile offshore drilling units (MODUs) and other vessels which are asymmetrical about the centerline or whose internal arrangement or outfitting is such that an inherent list may develop from off-center weight. Because of their nature, other special considerations not specifically addressed in this guide may be necessary for some MODUs.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2008
ICS
47.020.01 - General standards related to shipbuilding and marine structures
Technical Committee
F25 - Ships and Marine Technology
Drafting Committee
F25.01 - Structures
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F1321-92(2004) - Standard Guide for Conducting a Stability Test (Lightweight Survey and Inclining Experiment) to Determine the Light Ship Displacement and Centers of Gravity of a Vessel
Effective Date
01-Nov-2008
Replaced By
ASTM F1321-13 - Standard Guide for Conducting a Stability Test (Lightweight Survey and Inclining Experiment) to Determine the Light Ship Displacement and Centers of Gravity of a Vessel
Effective Date
01-Oct-2013
Referred By
ASTM F3052-14(2020)e1 - Standard Guide for Conducting Small Boat Stability Test (Deadweight Survey and Air Inclining Experiment) to Determine Lightcraft Weight and Centers of Gravity of a Small Craft
Effective Date
01-Nov-2008
Referred By
ASTM F1808-03(2019) - Standard Guide for Weight Control Technical Requirements for Surface Ships
Effective Date
01-Nov-2008

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ASTM F1321-92(2008) - Standard Guide for Conducting a Stability Test (Lightweight Survey and Inclining Experiment) to Determine the Light Ship Displacement and Centers of Gravity of a VesselASTM F1321-92(2008) - Standard Guide for Conducting a Stability Test (Lightweight Survey and Inclining Experiment) to Determine the Light Ship Displacement and Centers of Gravity of a Vessel
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ASTM F1321-92(2008) - Standard Guide for Conducting a Stability Test (Lightweight Survey and Inclining Experiment) to Determine the Light Ship Displacement and Centers of Gravity of a Vessel
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F1321 − 92(Reapproved 2008) An American National Standard
Standard Guide for
Conducting a Stability Test (Lightweight Survey and
Inclining Experiment) to Determine the Light Ship
1
Displacement and Centers of Gravity of a Vessel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1321; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
This guide provides the marine industry with a basic understanding of the various aspects of a
stability test. It contains procedures for conducting a stability test to ensure that valid results are
obtained with maximum precision at a minimal cost to owners, shipyards, and the government. This
guide is not intended to instruct a person in the actual calculation of the light ship displacement and
centersofgravity,butrathertobeaguidetothenecessaryprocedurestobefollowedtogatheraccurate
dataforuseinthecalculationofthelightshipcharacteristics.Acompleteunderstandingofthecorrect
procedures used to perform a stability test is imperative to ensure that the test is conducted properly
and so that results can be examined for accuracy as the inclining experiment is conducted. It is
recommended that these procedures be used on all vessels and marine craft.
1. Scope of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
1.1 This guide covers the determination of a vessel’s light
limitations prior to use.
ship characteristics. The stability test can be considered to be
two separate tasks; the lightweight survey and the inclining
2. Terminology
experiment.The stability test is required for most vessels upon
2.1 Definitions:
their completion and after major conversions. It is normally
2.1.1 inclining experiment—involves moving a series of
conducted inshore in calm weather conditions and usually
known weights, normally in the transverse direction, and then
requires the vessel be taken out of service to prepare for and
measuringtheresultingchangeintheequilibriumheelangleof
conduct the stability test. The three light ship characteristics
the vessel. By using this information and applying basic naval
determined from the stability test for conventional (symmetri-
architecture principles, the vessel’s vertical center of gravity
cal) ships are displacement (“displ”), longitudinal center of
KG is determined.
gravity(“LCG”),andtheverticalcenterofgravity(“KG”).The
2.1.2 light ship—a vessel in the light ship condition (“Con-
transverse center of gravity (“TCG”) may also be determined
dition I”) is a vessel complete in all respects, but without
for mobile offshore drilling units (MODUs) and other vessels
consumables, stores, cargo, crew and effects, and without any
which are asymmetrical about the centerline or whose internal
liquids on board except that machinery fluids, such as lubri-
arrangement or outfitting is such that an inherent list may
cants and hydraulics, are at operating levels.
develop from off-center weight. Because of their nature, other
special considerations not specifically addressed in this guide 2.1.3 lightweight survey—this task involves taking an audit
may be necessary for some MODUs.
ofallitemswhichmustbeadded,deducted,orrelocatedonthe
vessel at the time of the stability test so that the observed
1.2 This standard does not purport to address the safety
condition of the vessel can be adjusted to the light ship
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
condition. The weight, longitudinal, transverse, and vertical
location of each item must be accurately determined and
1
recorded. Using this information, the static waterline of the
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships and
Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.01 on
ship at the time of the stability test as determined from
Structures.
measuring the freeboard or verified draft marks of the vessel,
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally
thevessel’shydrostaticdata,andtheseawaterdensity;thelight
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F1321–92 (2004).
DOI: 10.1520/F1321-92R08. ship displacement and longitudinal center of gravity can be
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1321 − 92 (2008)
obtained. The transverse center of gravity may also be would result from a significant change i
...

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6.1  
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6.2  
Location, Orientation, Lighting, and Arrangement of Displays  
6.3  
Display Illumination  
6.4  
Display Types  
6.5  
Audible Displays  
7  
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6.1 Intended Use—Compliance with this practice provides the procuring organization with assurance that human users will be efficient, effective, and safe in the operation and maintenance of marine systems, equipment, and facilities. Specifically, it is intended to ensure the following:  
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6.1.9 Potential error-inducing equipment design features are eliminated, or at least, minimized, and systems are designed to be error-tolerant.  
6.1.10 Layouts and arrangements of equipment afford efficient traffic patterns, communications, and use.  
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6.1.12 Hazards to human health are minimized.  
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SCOPE
1.1 Objectives—This practice establishes and defines the processes and associated requirements for incorporating Human Systems Integration (HSI) into all phases of government and commercial ship, offshore structure, and marine system and equipment (hereafter referred to as marine system) acquisition life cycle. HSI must be integrated fully with the engineering processes applied to the design, acquisition, and operations of marine systems. This application includes the following:  
1.1.1 Ships and offshore structures.  
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TABLE OF CONTENTS  
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Title  
1  
Scope  
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Objectives  
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Target Audience  
1.3  
Contents  
2  
Human Systems Integration  
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1.1 This guide covers the evaluation and selection of escort vessels that are to be used to escort ships transiting confined waters. The purpose of the escort vessel is to limit the uncontrolled movement of a ship disabled by loss of propulsion or steering to within the navigational constraints of the waterway. The various factors addressed in this guide also can be integrated into a plan for escorting a given ship in a given waterway. The selection of equipment also is addressed in this guide.  
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1.2.4 The ambient conditions (wind and sea) that will impact the escort response, and  
1.2.5 The maneuvering characteristics of combined disabled ship/escort vessel(s).  
1.3 This guide outlines how these various factors can be integrated to form an escort plan for a specific ship or a specific waterway. It also outlines training programs and the selection of equipment for escort-related activities.  
1.4 A flowchart of the overall process for developing and implementing an escort plan is shown in Fig. 1. The process begins with the collection of appropriate data, which are analyzed with respect to the performance criteria and in consultation with individuals having local specialized knowledge (such as pilots, waterway authorities, interest groups, or public/private organizations, and so forth). This yields escort vessel performance requirements for various transit speeds and conditions; these are embodied in the ship's escort plan. When the time comes to prepare for the actual transit, the plan is consulted in conjunction with forecast conditions and desired transit speed to select and dispatch the appropriate escort vessel (or combination of vessels). A pre-escort conference ...

  • Guide
    21 pages
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  • Guide
    21 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM F1321-21(Guide)
Standard Guide for Conducting a Stability Test (Lightweight Survey and Inclining Experiment) to Determine the Light Ship Displacement and Centers of Gravity of a Vessel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 From the light ship characteristics one is able to calculate the stability characteristics of the vessel for all conditions of loading and thereby determine whether the vessel satisfies the applicable stability criteria. Accurate results from a stability test may in some cases determine the future survival of the vessel and its crew, so the accuracy with which the test is conducted cannot be overemphasized. The condition of the vessel and the environment during the test is rarely ideal and consequently, the stability test is infrequently conducted exactly as planned. If the vessel is not 100 % complete and the weather is not perfect, there ends up being water or shipyard trash in a tank that was supposed to be clean and dry and so forth, then the person in charge must make immediate decisions as to the acceptability of variances from the plan. A complete understanding of the principles behind the stability test and a knowledge of the factors that affect the results is necessary.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the determination of a vessel’s light ship characteristics. In this standard, a vessel is a traditional hull-formed vessel. The stability test can be considered to be two separate tasks; the lightweight survey and the inclining experiment. The stability test is required for most vessels upon their completion and after major conversions. It is normally conducted inshore in calm weather conditions and usually requires the vessel be taken out of service to prepare for and conduct the stability test. The three light ship characteristics determined from the stability test for conventional (symmetrical) ships are displacement (“displ”), longitudinal center of gravity (“LCG”), and the vertical center of gravity (“KG”). The transverse center of gravity (“TCG”) may also be determined for mobile offshore drilling units (MODUs) and other vessels which are asymmetrical about the centerline or whose internal arrangement or outfitting is such that an inherent list may develop from off-center weight. Because of their nature, other special considerations not specifically addressed in this guide may be necessary for some MODUs. This standard is not applicable to vessels such as a tension-leg platforms, semi-submersibles, rigid hull inflatable boats, and so on.  
1.2 The limitations of 1 % trim or 4 % heel and so on apply if one is using the traditional pre-defined hydrostatic characteristics. This is due to the drastic change of waterplane area. If one is calculating hydrostatic characteristics at each move, such as utilizing a computer program, then the limitations are not applicable.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3.1 Exceptions—Other units may be used for the stability test, but the test results should be reported in the same units and coordinate system as the vessel’s draft marks and Trim and Stability Book or similar stability information provided.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Guide
    29 pages
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ASTM
ASTM F906-85(2020)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Letters and Numerals for Ships

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the shape, size, spacing, and shading requirements of letters and numerals used in shipboard markings. Covered by this specification are five types of characters: plain letters and numerals (Type 1), block letters and numerals having the same width (Type 2), Type 2 characters with shading (Type 3), block letters and numerals of different widths (Type 4), and Type 4 characters with shading (Type 5). The characters shall be designed using the grid method, which will allow one to change the character size proportionately as required. Not covered in this specification are the location and size of various shipboard markings using letters and numerals.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification specifies shape, size, spacing, and shading of letters and numerals to be used aboard ship.  
1.2 Characters are of Five Types:  
1.2.1 Type 1—Plain letters and numerals (16 units).  
1.2.2 Type 2—Block letters and numerals (12 units).  
1.2.3 Type 3—Type 2 characters with shading (shading—1 unit).  
1.2.4 Type 4—Block letters (10 units) and numerals (12 units).  
1.2.5 Type 5—Type 4 characters with shading (shading—1 unit).  
1.3 This specification does not give location or size of various shipboard markings incorporating letters and numerals.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    5 pages
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ASTM
ASTM F1808-03(2019)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Weight Control Technical Requirements for Surface Ships

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 It is important to know the amount of weight and its location before the ship is built to be sure that when it is built it will have positive stability. Only through detailed weight estimating in the design stage and during construction can one be ensured that positive stability will be achieved and retained.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides recommended weight control technical requirements for surface ships and discusses different types of weight estimates, reports, and weight control procedures. It contains a weight classification that will assist in achieving uniformity by standardizing the weight-reporting system.  
1.2 This guide is applicable to ships designed and constructed in inch-pound units of measurement and to ships designed and constructed in SI units of measurement. Whenever inch-pound units are shown or referred to in the text, or in example formats included in this guide, it is to be understood that corresponding SI units may be substituted if applicable to a ship designed and constructed in SI units, provided that whichever system is used, it is consistently used in all weight control reporting documentation for the ship.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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