ASTM D456-85(1997)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Caustic Soda (Anhydrous) (Withdrawn 2001)
Standard Specification for Caustic Soda (Anhydrous) (Withdrawn 2001)
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1.1 This specification covers material suitable for various washing, cleaning, and scouring processes, with or without soap as conditions demand, and where a strongly alkaline material is desired.
1.2 This material may be hazardous if not properly managed.
1.3 Precautionary information for the safe use, storage, and disposal of this material should be preliminarily obtained from suppliers and others.
1.4 In case of personal accident with this material, apply appropriate first aid; telephone the nearest Poison Control Center for assistance, and get medical attention immediately.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 456 – 85 (Reapproved 1997)
Standard Specification for
Caustic Soda (Anhydrous)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Alkaline Detergents
1.1 This specification covers material suitable for various
3. Ordering Information
washing, cleaning, and scouring processes, with or without
3.1 Caustic soda (anhydrous) shall be purchased by net
soap as conditions demand, and where a strongly alkaline
weight.
material is desired.
1.2 This material may be hazardous if not properly man-
4. Chemical Composition
aged.
4.1 Caustic soda (anhydrous), as received, shall conform to
1.3 Precautionary information for the safe use, storage, and
the following requirements as to chemical composition:
disposal of this material should be preliminarily obtained from
Total alkalinity as Na O, min, % 75.5
suppliers and others.
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), min, % 96
1.4 In case of personal accident with this material, apply
Carbonate as Na CO , max, % 2
2 3
appropriate first aid; telephone the nearest Poison Control
Center for assistance, and get medical attention immediately.
5. General Requirements
5.1 Caustic soda (anhydrous) shall be furnished in air-tight
2. Referenced Documents
containers in flake, coarsely powdered, or solid form as
2.1 ASTM Standards:
specified by the purchaser.
D 501 Test Methods of Sampling and Chemical Analysis of
6. Sampling and Analysis
6.1 The material shall be sampled and analyzed in accor-
dance with Test Methods D 501.
7. Packaging and Labeling
7.1 The materia
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3.1 Caustic soda and caustic potash are used in a large number of manufacturing processes. The chemicals are available in several grades depending on their intended use. The test methods listed in 1.2 provide procedures for analyzing caustic soda and caustic potash to determine if they are suitable for their intended use.
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1.1 These test methods cover only the analyses usually required on the following commercial products:
1.1.1 Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide), 50 and 73 % liquors; anhydrous (solid, flake, ground, or powdered), and
1.1.2 Caustic potash (potassium hydroxide), 45 % liquor; anhydrous (solid, flake, ground, or powdered).
1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:
Alkalinity (Total), Titrimetric (for 50 to 100 %
NaOH and 45 to 100 % KOH)
3 to 4
Carbonate, Gas-Volumetric (0.001 g CO2, min)
4 to 7
Carbonate, Gravimetric (0.001 g CO2, min)
7 to 10
Chloride, Titrimetric, (0.001 g Cl−, min)
10 to 11
Chloride, Potentiometric Titration (0.3 to 1.2 %)
11 to 12
Chloride, Ion Selective Electrode (0.6 to 120 μg/g)
12 to 13
Iron, Photometric (0.005 mg Fe, min)
13 to 15
Sulfate, Gravimetric, (0.002 g SO3, min)
15 to 16
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1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard with the exception of inch-pound units for apparatus descriptions.
1.4 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.
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1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
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