ASTM E682-92(2019)

Standard Practice for Liquid Chromatography Terms and Relationships

ABSTRACT
This practice deals with the terms, parameters, symbols, units, and relationships used in liquid column chromatography. Most of the terms covered herein should also apply to other kinds of liquid chromatography, notably planar chromatography such as paper or thin-layer chromatography. These terms include the names of techniques, apparatuses and reagents, the parameters and symbols used for chromatogram data readout, and the retention parameters, symbols and units.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice deals primarily with the terms and relationships used in liquid column chromatography. However, most of the terms should also apply to other kinds of liquid chromatography, notably planar chromatography such as paper or thin-layer chromatography.  
Note 1: Although electrophoresis can also be considered a liquid chromatographic technique, it and its associated terms have not been included in this practice.  
1.2 Since most of the basic terms and definitions also apply to gas chromatography, this practice uses, whenever possible, symbols identical to Practice E355.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2019
• ICS: 01.040.71 - Chemical technology (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
• Technical Committee: E13 - Molecular Spectroscopy and Separation Science
• Drafting Committee: E13.19 - Separation Science

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D3016-97(2018) - Standard Practice for Use of Liquid Exclusion Chromatography Terms and Relationships
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D5910-05(2019) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Free Formaldehyde in Emulsion Polymers by Liquid Chromatography
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2019
• Referred By: ASTM E1151-93(2019) - Standard Practice for Ion Chromatography Terms and Relationships
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D7252-22 - Standard Test Method for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Monomer and Isomers in Isocyanates
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2019
• Referred By: ASTM E1449-92(2019) - Standard Guide for Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Terms and Relationships
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2019
• Referred By: ASTM F1500-98(2019) - Standard Test Method for Quantitating Non-UV-Absorbing Nonvolatile Extractables from Microwave Susceptors Utilizing Solvents as Food Simulants
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D5315-04(2017)e1 - Standard Test Method for Determination of N-Methyl-Carbamoyloximes and N-Methylcarbamates in Water by Direct Aqueous Injection HPLC with Post-Column Derivatization
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D5577-19 - Standard Guide for Techniques to Separate and Identify Contaminants in Recycled Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2019
• Referred By: ASTM E3324-22 - Standard Test Method for Lipid Quantitation in Liposomal Formulations Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) with Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (TQMS)
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2019
• Referred By: ASTM E3297-21 - Standard Test Method for Lipid Quantitation in Liposomal Formulations Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with a Charged Aerosol Detector (CAD)
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2019
• Referred By: ASTM E685-93(2021) - Standard Practice for Testing Fixed-Wavelength Photometric Detectors Used in Liquid Chromatography
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D7883-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of 4-Carboxybenzaldehyde and <emph type="bdit" >p</emph>-Toluic Acid in Purified Terephthalic Acid by Weak Anion Exchange High Performance Liquid Chromatography
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D7884-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of 4-Carboxybenzaldehyde and <emph type="bdit" >p</emph>-Toluic Acid in Purified Terephthalic Acid by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2019
• Referred By: ASTM E3323-22 - Standard Test Method for Lipid Quantitation in Liposomal Formulations Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with an Evaporative Light-Scattering Detector (ELSD)
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D5197-21 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Formaldehyde and Other Carbonyl Compounds in Air (Active Sampler Methodology)
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E682 − 92 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Practice for
1
Liquid Chromatography Terms and Relationships
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E682; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Names of Techniques
NOTE 2—In the chromatographic literature one may often find the term
1.1 This practice deals primarily with the terms and rela-
high-performance (or high-pressure) liquid chromatography, abbreviated
tionships used in liquid column chromatography. However,
as HPLC.This term was introduced to distinguish the present-day column
most of the terms should also apply to other kinds of liquid
chromatographic techniques employing high inlet pressures and columns
chromatography, notably planar chromatography such as paper containing small diameter packing from the classical methods. The
utilization of this term or any derivative term (for example, HPLSC for
or thin-layer chromatography.
high-performance liquid-solid chromatography) is not recommended.
NOTE 1—Although electrophoresis can also be considered a liquid
Similarly, the use of the term high-performance thin-layer
chromatographic technique, it and its associated terms have not been
chromatography, abbreviated as HPTLC, describing newer variations of
included in this practice.
thin-layer chromatography, is also not recommended.
1.2 Since most of the basic terms and definitions also apply
3.1 Liquid Chromatography, abbreviated as LC, comprises
to gas chromatography, this practice uses, whenever possible,
all chromatographic methods in which the mobile phase is
symbols identical to Practice E355.
liquid under the conditions of analysis. The stationary phase
may be a solid or a liquid supported by or chemically bonded
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
to a solid.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
3.2 The stationary phase may be present on or as a plane
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- (Planar Chromatography), or contained in a cylindrical tube
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
(Column Chromatography).
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.3 Separation is achieved by differences in the distribution
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
of the components of a sample between the mobile and
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
stationary phases, causing them to move along the plane
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
surface or through the column at different rates (differential
migration).
2. Referenced Documents
3.3.1 In Planar Chromatography, the differential migration
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
process will cause the sample components to separate as a
D3016 Practice for Use of Liquid Exclusion Chromatogra-
series of spots behind the mobile phase front.
phy Terms and Relationships
3.3.2 InColumnChromatography,thedifferentialmigration
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relation-
process will cause the sample components to elute from the
ships
column at different times.
E1151 Practice for Ion Chromatography Terms and Rela-
3.3.3 InDry-ColumnChromatography,mobilephaseflowis
tionships
stopped as soon as the mobile phase has reached the end of the
column of dry medium. This column can be glass or a rigid or
flexible solvent compatible plastic. Solute visualization and
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E13 on Molecular
Spectroscopy and Separation Science and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- recovery are from the extruded or sliced column packing.
mittee E13.19 on Separation Science.
3.3.4 In Flash Chromatography, mobile phase flow is con-
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2019. Published September 2019. Originally
tinuedafterthemobilephasehasreachedtheendofthecolumn
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E682–92 (2011). DOI:
10.1520/E0682–92R19.
of dry medium until elution of the desired components is
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
achieved. Often low pressures, compatible with the materials
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
of construction of the column, are applied to the top of the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the AST
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