ASTM E2060-00

Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products for Solidification/Stabilization of Inorganic Wastes

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers methods for selection and application of coal combustion products (CCPs) for use in the chemical stabilization of trace elements in wastes and wastewater. These elements include, but are not limited to, arsenic, barium, boron, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, vanadium, and zinc. Chemical stabilization may be accompanied by solidification of the waste treated. Solidification is not a requirement for the stabilization of many trace elements, but does offer advantages in waste handling and in reduced permeability of the stabilized waste.
1.1.1 Solidification is an important factor in treatment of wastes and especially wastewaters. Solidification/Stabilization (S/S) technology is often used to treat wastes containing free liquids. This guide addresses the use of CCPs as a stabilizing agent without the addition of other materials; however, stabilization or chemical fixation may also be achieved by using combinations of CCPs and other products such as lime, lime kiln dust, cement kiln dust, cement, and others. CCPs used alone or in combination with other reagents promote stabilization of many inorganic constituents through a variety of mechanisms. These mechanisms include precipitation as carbonates, silicates, sulfates, etc.; microencapsulation of the waste particles through pozzolanic reactions; formation of metal precipitates; and formation of hydrated phases (). Long-term performance of the stabilized waste is an issue that must be addressed in considering any S/S technology. In this guide, several tests are recommended to aid in evaluating the long-term performance of the stabilized wastes.
1.2 The CCPs that are suited to this application include fly ash, spent dry scrubber sorbents, and certain advanced sulfur control by-products from processes such as duct injection and fluidized-bed combustion (FBC).
1.3 The wastes or wastewater, or both, containing the problematic inorganic species will likely be highly variable, so the chemical characteristics of the waste or wastewater to be treated must be determined and considered in the selection and application of any stabilizing agent, including CCPs. In any waste stabilization process, laboratory-scale tests for compatibility between the candidate waste or wastewater for stabilization with one or more selected CCPs and final waste stability are recommended prior to full-scale application of the stabilizing agent.
1.4 This guide does not intend to recommend full-scale processes or procedures for waste stabilization. Full-scale processes should be designed and carried out by qualified scientists, engineers, and environmental professionals. It is recommended that stabilized materials generated at the full-scale stabilization site be subjected to testing to verify laboratory test results.
1.5 The utilization of CCPs under this guide is a component of a pollution prevention program; Guide E 1609 describes pollution prevention activities in more detail. Utilization of CCPs in this manner conserves land, natural resources, and energy.
1.6 This guide applies only to CCPs produced primarily from the combustion of coal. It does not apply to ash or other combustion products derived from the burning of waste; municipal, industrial, or commercial garbage; sewage sludge or other refuse, or both; derived fuels; wood waste products; rice hulls; agricultural waste; or other noncoal fuels.
1.7 Regulations governing the use of CCPs vary by state. The user of this guide has the responsibility to determine and comply with applicable regulations.
1.8 It is recommended that work performed under this guide be designed and carried out by qualified scientists, engineers, and environmental professionals.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the appl...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Feb-2000
• ICS: 13.030.40 - Installations and equipment for waste disposal and treatment
• Technical Committee: E50 - Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action
• Drafting Committee: E50.03 - Beneficial Use

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM E2060-06 - Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products for Solidification/Stabilization of Inorganic Wastes
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2006
• Referred By: ASTM E3355-23 - Standard Guide for Characterization of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) in Storage Area(s) for Beneficial Use
• Effective Date: 10-Feb-2000

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E 2060 – 00
Standard Guide for
Use of Coal Combustion Products for Solidification/
1
Stabilization of Inorganic Wastes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2060; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope control by-products from processes such as duct injection and
fluidized-bed combustion (FBC).
1.1 This guide covers methods for selection and application
1.3 The wastes or wastewater, or both, containing the
of coal combustion products (CCPs) for use in the chemical
problematic inorganic species will likely be highly variable, so
stabilization of trace elements in wastes and wastewater.These
the chemical characteristics of the waste or wastewater to be
elementsinclude,butarenotlimitedto,arsenic,barium,boron,
treated must be determined and considered in the selection and
cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, molybdenum, nickel, sele-
application of any stabilizing agent, including CCPs. In any
nium, vanadium, and zinc. Chemical stabilization may be
waste stabilization process, laboratory-scale tests for compat-
accompanied by solidification of the waste treated. Solidifica-
ibility between the candidate waste or wastewater for stabili-
tion is not a requirement for the stabilization of many trace
zation with one or more selected CCPs and final waste stability
elements, but does offer advantages in waste handling and in
are recommended prior to full-scale application of the stabi-
reduced permeability of the stabilized waste.
lizing agent.
1.1.1 Solidification is an important factor in treatment of
1.4 This guide does not intend to recommend full-scale
wastes and especially wastewaters. Solidification/Stabilization
processes or procedures for waste stabilization. Full-scale
(S/S) technology is often used to treat wastes containing free
processes should be designed and carried out by qualified
liquids. This guide addresses the use of CCPs as a stabilizing
scientists, engineers, and environmental professionals. It is
agent without the addition of other materials; however, stabi-
recommended that stabilized materials generated at the full-
lization or chemical fixation may also be achieved by using
scale stabilization site be subjected to testing to verify labora-
combinations of CCPs and other products such as lime, lime
tory test results.
kiln dust, cement kiln dust, cement, and others. CCPs used
1.5 The utilization of CCPs under this guide is a component
alone or in combination with other reagents promote stabiliza-
of a pollution prevention program; Guide E 1609 describes
tion of many inorganic constituents through a variety of
pollution prevention activities in more detail. Utilization of
mechanisms. These mechanisms include precipitation as car-
CCPs in this manner conserves land, natural resources, and
bonates, silicates, sulfates, etc.; microencapsulation of the
energy.
waste particles through pozzolanic reactions; formation of
2 1.6 This guide applies only to CCPs produced primarily
metal precipitates; and formation of hydrated phases (1-4).
from the combustion of coal. It does not apply to ash or other
Long-term performance of the stabilized waste is an issue that
combustion products derived from the burning of waste;
must be addressed in considering any S/S technology. In this
municipal,industrial,orcommercialgarbage;sewagesludgeor
guide, several tests are recommended to aid in evaluating the
other refuse, or both; derived fuels; wood waste products; rice
long-term performance of the stabilized wastes.
hulls; agricultural waste; or other noncoal fuels.
1.2 The CCPs that are suited to this application include fly
1.7 Regulations governing the use of CCPs vary by state.
ash, spent dry scrubber sorbents, and certain advanced sulfur
The user of this guide has the responsibility to determine and
comply with applicable regulations.
1
1.8 Itisrecommendedthatworkperformedunderthisguide
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-50 on Environ-
mental Assessment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E50.03 on
be designed and carried out by qualified scientists, engineers,
Environmental Risk Management/Sustainable Development/Pollution Prevention.
and environmental professionals.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2000. Published April 2000.
2 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
the text. safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
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