ASTM D5985-02(2008)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Rotational Method)
Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Rotational Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The pour point of a petroleum product is an index of the lowest temperature of its utility for certain applications. Flow characteristics, such as pour point, can be critical for the correct operation of lubricating systems, fuel systems, and pipeline operations.
Petroleum blending operations require precise measurement of the pour point.
This test method can determine the temperature of the test specimen with a resolution of 0.1°C at which either crystals have formed or viscosity increases sufficiently to impede movement of the petroleum product.
This test method yields a pour point in a format similar to Test Method D 97/IP15 when the 3°C interval results are reported.
Note 2—Since some users may wish to report their results in a format similar to Test Method D 97 (in 3°C intervals) the precisions were derived for the temperatures rounded to the 3°C intervals. For statements on bias relative to Test Method D 97, see 13.3.
This test method has better repeatability and comparable reproducibility relative to Test Method D 97 as measured in the 1992 interlaboratory program. (See Section 13.)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of pour point of petroleum products by an automatic instrument that continuously rotates the test specimen against a suspended detection device during cooling of the test specimen.
1.2 This test method is designed to cover the range of temperatures from −57 to +51°C; however, the range of temperatures included in the 1992 interlaboratory program only covered the temperature range of − 39 to +6°C (see 13.4).
1.3 This test method determines the no-flow point of petroleum products by detection of the crystal structure or viscosity increase, or both, in the sample that is sufficient to impede flow of the specimen.
1.4 This test method is not intended for use with crude oils.
Note 1—The applicability of this test method on residual fuel samples has not been verified. For further information on applicability, refer to 13.4.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D5985 − 02(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Rotational Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5985; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method covers an alternative procedure for the determination of pour point of petroleum
products using an automatic apparatus.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of pour point
D97Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
of petroleum products by an automatic instrument that con-
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
tinuously rotates the test specimen against a suspended detec-
Petroleum Products
tion device during cooling of the test specimen.
D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
1.2 This test method is designed to cover the range of
Petroleum Products
temperatures from −57 to +51°C; however, the range of
2.2 Energy Institute Standards:
temperatures included in the 1992 interlaboratory program
IP 15Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
onlycoveredthetemperaturerangeof−39to+6°C(see13.4).
3. Terminology
1.3 This test method determines the no-flow point of petro-
3.1 Definitions:
leum products by detection of the crystal structure or viscosity
3.1.1 pour point, n—in petroleum products, the lowest
increase,orboth,inthesamplethatissufficienttoimpedeflow
temperature at which movement of the test specimen is
of the specimen.
observed under prescribed conditions of test.
1.4 This test method is not intended for use with crude oils.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 no-flow point, n—in petroleum products, the tempera-
NOTE 1—The applicability of this test method on residual fuel samples
has not been verified. For further information on applicability, refer to ture of the test specimen at which a wax crystal structure or
13.4.
viscosity increase, or both, impedes movement of the surface
of the test specimen under the conditions of the test.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this 3.2.2 Discussion—The no-flow point occurs when, upon
cooling, the formation of wax crystal structures or viscosity
standard.
increase, or both, have progressed to the point where the
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
applied observation device no longer detects movement under
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the conditions of the test. The preceding observation
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
temperature, at which flow of the test specimen is last
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
observed, is the pour point.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.3 pour point at 3°C testing intervals, n—in petroleum
products, the temperature calculated by rounding the no-flow
point of the test specimen to the next higher integer which is a
multiple of 3°C.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Petroleum Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
D02.07 on Flow Properties. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D5985–02. DOI: Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
10.1520/D5985-02R08. U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.uk.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5985 − 02 (2008)
3.2.4 Discussion—The no-flow point can be measured with 6. Apparatus
a resolution of 0.1°C in this test method. In Test Method D97 4
6.1 Automatic Apparatus —The automatic pour point appa-
observations for no-flow are in 3°C intervals and when results
ratus described in the Annex A1 consists of a microprocessor
with a similar format to Test Method D97 are required, this
controlled measuring unit that is capable of heating, cooling,
calculation shall be performed. Some apparatus can perform
rotating, and recording the temperature of the test specimen.
this calculation automatically.
Theapparatusshallbeequippedwithadigitaldisplay,cooling/
heating block assembly, turntable, test specimen cup and
3.2.5 rotational, n—in this standard, the technique of turn-
ingthetestspecimenjarinanuprightpositionuponaturntable measuring head containing a counter-balanced pendulum and
temperature measuring device.
with a stationary positioned, temperature sensor containing
pendulum, inserted into the test specimen.
6.2 Test Specimen Cup—The test specimen cup is a flat
bottomaluminumcupwiththedimensionsinA1.2.Toindicate
3.2.6 Discussion—Upon cooling of the test specimen, the
the required fill level, the inside of the test cup is scribed at a
resultant crystal formation or viscosity increase in the speci-
height of 36 6 0.2 mm above the inside bottom. The outside
men exerts force upon the pendulum, offsetting the stationary
bottom of the test cup has two indentions to facilitate the
position and causing detection of the no-flow point.
rotation of the test cup.
4. Summary of Test Method
6.3 Circulating Bath—Refrigeration unit equipped with a
circulating pump capable of maintaining a temperature at least
4.1 Afterinsertingthetestspecimenintotheautomaticpour
20°C colder than the lowest expected pour point to be
point apparatus, and initiation of the program, the test speci-
measured.
men is heated and then cooled by maintaining a constant
temperature differential between the cooling block and the
7. Reagents and Material
sample. The test specimen is continuously tested for flow
7.1 Methyl Alcohol, anhydrous, for use as cooling medium
characteristics by rotating the test specimen cup at approxi-
in circulating bath.
mately 0.1 rpm against a stationary, counter-balanced, sphere-
shaped pendulum. The temperature of the test specimen at
7.2 Cleaning Solvents, suitable for cleaning and drying the
whichacrystalstructureoraviscosityincrease,orboth,within
specimen cup and pendulum, such as petroleum naptha and
the test specimen causes the displacement of the pendulum is
acetone. (Warning—Flammable. Liquid causes eye burns.
recorded with a resolution of 0.1°C. The test specimen is then
Vaporharmful.Maybefatalorcauseblindnessifswallowedor
heated to the original starting temperature.
inhaled.)
8. Sampling
5. Significance and Use
8.1 Obtain a sample in accordance with Practices D4057 or
5.1 Thepourpointofapetroleumproductisanindexofthe
by D4177.
lowest temperature of its utility for certain applications. Flow
characteristics, such as pour point, can be critical for the 8.2 Samples of very viscous materials can be warmed until
correct operation of lubricating systems, fuel systems, and they are reasonably fluid before they are transferred; however,
pipeline operations. no sample shall be heated more than is absolutely necessary.
The sample shall not be heated and transferred into the test
5.2 Petroleum blending operations require precise measure-
specimen cup unless its temperature is 70°C or lower.
ment of the pour point.
NOTE 3—In the event the sample has been heated above this tempera-
5.3 This test method can determine the temperature of the
ture, allow the sample to cool until its temperature is at least 70°C before
test specimen with a resolution of 0.1°C at which either
transferring.
crystals have formed or viscosity increases sufficiently to
9. Preparation of Apparatus
impede movement of the petroleum product.
9.1 Prepare the instrument for operation in accordance with
5.4 This test method yields a pour point in a format similar
the manufacturer’s instructions.
to Test Method D97/IP15 when the 3°C interval results are
reported. 9.2 Clean and dry the test specimen cup and the cooling
well using suitable solvents as prescribed by the apparatus
NOTE 2—Since some users may wish to report their results in a format
manufacturer.
similar toTest Method D97 (in 3°C intervals) the precisions were derived
for the temperatures rounded to the 3°C intervals. For statements on bias
relative to Test Method D97, see 13.3.
Thesolesourceofsupplyoftheinstrumentknowntothecommitteeatthistime
is Herzog Model MC 850, available from Walter Herzog, Lauda, Germany. If you
5.5 Thistestmethodhasbetterrepeatabilityandcomparable
are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM
reproducibilityrelativetoTestMethodD97asmeasuredinthe
International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
1992 interlaboratory program. (See Section 13.) meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
D5985 − 02 (2008)
9.3 Preparetherefrigeratedcirculatingbathforoperationin tinuously displayed.At the detection of the last flow point, the
accordancewiththemanufacturer’sinstructionsandallowitto temperature the test specimen attained is held on the digital
attainatemperatureatleast20°Clowerthantheexpectedpour display until reset by the operator. The test specimen is then
point of the sample. heated to approxi
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
´1
Designation:D5985–96 Designation: D 5985 – 02 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Rotational Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5985; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Figures A1.1 and A1.2 were editorially corrected in May 1999.
INTRODUCTION
This test method covers an alternative procedure for the determination of pour point of petroleum
products using an automatic apparatus.
1. Scope
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofpourpointofpetroleumproductsbyanautomaticinstrumentthatcontinuously
rotates the test specimen against a suspended detection device during cooling of the test specimen.
1.2This test method includes the range of temperatures from−57 to+51°C.
NOTE1—The range of temperatures which were included in the 1992 interlaboratory program only covered the temperature range of−39 to+6°C (see
1.2 This test method is designed to cover the range of temperatures from −57 to +51°C; however, the range of temperatures
included in the 1992 interlaboratory program only covered the temperature range of − 39 to +6°C (see 13.4).
1.3 This test method determines the no-flow point of petroleum products by detection of the crystal structure or viscosity
increase, or both, in the sample that is sufficient to impede flow of the specimen.
1.4 This test method is not intended for use with crude oils.
1.5The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
NOTE 1—The applicability of this test method on residual fuel samples has not been verified. For further information on applicability, refer to 13.4.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
2.2 IP Standards: Energy Institute Standards:
IP 15 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D-2 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.07 on
Flow Properties.
Current edition approved July 10, 1996. Published September 1996.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.07 on
Flow Properties.
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D5985–02.
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 05.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR, U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.uk.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5985 – 02 (2008)
3.1.1 pour point, n—in petroleum products, the lowest temperature at which movement of the test specimen is observed under
prescribed conditions of test.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 no-flow point, n— in petroleum products,thetemperatureofthetestspecimenatwhichawaxcrystalstructureorviscosity
increase, or both, impedes movement of the surface of the test specimen under the conditions of the test.
3.2.2 Discussion—The no-flow point occurs when, upon cooling, the formation of wax crystal structures or viscosity increase,
or both, have progressed to the point where the applied observation device no longer detects movement under the conditions of
the test. The preceding observation temperature, at which flow of the test specimen is last observed, is the pour point.
3.2.3 D97/IP15equivalentpourpoint, pour point at 3°C testing intervals, n—in petroleum products,thetemperaturecalculated
by rounding the no-flow point of the test specimen to the next higher integer which is a multiple of 3°C.
3.2.4 Discussion—The no-flow point can be measured with a resolution of 0.1°C in this test method. In Test Method D97
observations for no-flow are in 3°C intervals and when results with a similar format to Test Method D97 are required, this
calculation shall be performed. Some apparatus can perform this calculation automatically.
3.2.5 rotational, n—in this standard, the technique of turning the test specimen jar in an upright position upon a turntable with
a stationary positioned, temperature sensor containing pendulum, inserted into the test specimen.
3.2.6 Discussion—Uponcoolingofthetestspecimen,theresultantcrystalformationorviscosityincreaseinthespecimenexerts
force upon the pendulum, offsetting the stationary position and causing detection of the no-flow point.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 After inserting the test specimen into the automatic pour point apparatus, and initiation of the program, the test specimen
is heated and then cooled by maintaining a constant temperature differential between the cooling block and the sample. The test
specimen is continuously tested for flow characteristics by rotating the test specimen cup at approximately 0.1 rpm against a
stationary, counter-balanced, sphere-shaped pendulum. The temperature of the test specimen at which a crystal structure or a
viscosity increase, or both, within the test specimen causes the displacement of the pendulum is recorded with a resolution of
0.1°C. The test specimen is then heated to the original starting temperature.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The pour point of a petroleum product is an index of the lowest temperature of its utility for certain applications. Flow
characteristics, such as pour point, can be critical for the correct operation of lubricating systems, fuel systems, and pipeline
operations.
5.2 Petroleum blending operations require precise measurement of the pour point.
5.3 Thistestmethodcandeterminethetemperatureofthetestspecimenwitharesolutionof0.1°Catwhicheithercrystalshave
formed or viscosity increases sufficiently to impede movement of the petroleum product.
5.4This test method yields a D97/IP15 equivalent pour point when the 3°C interval results are reported.
5.4 ThistestmethodyieldsapourpointinaformatsimilartoTestMethodD97/IP15whenthe3°Cintervalresultsarereported.
NOTE 2—Since some users may wish to report their results in a format similar to Test Method D97 (in 3°C intervals) the precisions were derived for
thetemperaturesroundedtothe3°Cintervals.Thetermequivalentisintendedtomeaninthesameformat.ForstatementsonbiasrelativetoTestMethod
D97, see 13.3.
5.5 This test method has better repeatability and comparable reproducibility relative to Test Method D97 as measured in the
1992 interlaboratory program. as measured in the 1992 interlaboratory program. (See Section 13.)
6. Apparatus
6.1 Automatic Apparatus —The automatic pour point apparatus described in the Annex A1 consists of a microprocessor
controlled measuring unit that is capable of heating, cooling, rotating, and recording the temperature of the test specimen. The
apparatusshallbeequippedwithadigitaldisplay,cooling/heatingblockassembly,turntable,testspecimencupandmeasuringhead
containing a counter-balanced pendulum and temperature measuring device.
6.2 Test Specimen Cup—The test specimen cup is a flat bottom aluminum cup with the dimensions in A1.2. To indicate the
required fill level, the inside of the test cup is scribed at a height of 36 6 0.2 mm above the inside bottom. The outside bottom
of the test cup has two indentions to facilitate the rotation of the test cup.
6.3 Circulating Bath—Refrigeration unit equipped with a circulating pump capable of maintaining a temperature at least 20°C
colder than the lowest expected pour point to be measured.
7. Reagents and Material
7.1 Methyl Alcohol, anhydrous, for use as cooling medium in circulating bath.
Available from Institute of Petroleum, 61 New Cavendish St., London, England W1M 8AR.
The sole source of supply of the instrument known to the committee at this time is Herzog Model MC 850, available from Walter Herzog, Lauda, Germany. If you are
aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
D 5985 – 02 (2008)
7.2 Cleaning Solvents,suitableforcleaninganddryingthespecimencupandpendulum,suchaspetroleumnapthaandacetone.
Note3—Warning:Flammable.(Warning—Flammable. Liquid causes eye burns. Vapor harmful. May be fatal or cause blindness
if swallowed or inhaled.)
8. Sampling
8.1 Obtain a sample in accordance with Practices D4057 or by D4177.
8.2 Samples of very viscous materials can be warmed until they are reasonably fluid before they are transferred; however, no
sample shall be heated more than is absolutely necessary. The sample shall not be heated and transferred into the test specimen
cup unless its temperature is 70°C or lower.
NOTE4—In 3—In the event the sample has been heated above this temperature, allow the sample to cool until its temperature is at least 70°C before
transferring.
9. Preparation of Apparatus
9.1 Prepare the instrument for operation in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
9.2 Clean and dry the test specimen cup and the cooling well using suitable solvents as prescribed by the apparatus
manufacturer.
9.3 Prepare the refrigerated circulating bath for operation in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and allow it to
attain a temperature at least 20°C
...
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