iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D8254-19

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points of Asphalt by Cleveland Open Cup Tester

Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points of Asphalt by Cleveland Open Cup Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The flash point is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that should be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.  
5.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials. Consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classifications.  
5.3 Flash point can indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable material.  
5.4 Skin prevention technique involves assembling a restraining ring over a centrally-holed qualitative filter paper that is laid at the bottom of the COC (Cleveland open cup) test cup, prior to introduction of the sample specimen into the cup. This allows a column of the hot sample specimen to move up constantly, through the hole, to the surface of the test specimen so that the surface is maintained in the hot condition to prevent skin formation. (See 9.6).  
5.5 Skin-forming asphalts may not be limited to those which are air blown/oxidized, polymerized or non-homogeneous materials that, although infrequently, exhibit some unique behavior and characteristics, as far as manifestation of flash point is concerned. At the flash point stage, this behavior may involve flame propagation across the surface or just a flame appearing at one or more points on the surface.  
5.6 This test method shall be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and a test flame under controlled laboratory conditions and shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment that takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an ass...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the flash point and fire point of asphalt by a manual Cleveland open cup apparatus or an automated Cleveland open cup apparatus.
Note 1: Apparatus is the same as described in Test Method D92 with the addition of the materials for the skin prevention technique.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to asphalts that can form a skin, and those that do not form a skin during heat treatment.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to products with flash points above 79 °C (174 °F) and below 400 °C (752 °F), except fuel oils.  
1.4 The precision has been determined over the temperature range of 300 °C to 370 °C (572 °F to 698 °F).  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.4, 7.1, 11.1, 11.2.3, and 11.3.4.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Apr-2019
ICS
13.220.40 - Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D04 - Road and Paving Materials
Drafting Committee
D04.47 - Miscellaneous Asphalt Tests
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D4206-96(2018) - Standard Test Method for Sustained Burning of Liquid Mixtures Using the Small Scale Open-Cup Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Jun-2018

Buy Standard

ASTM D8254-19 - Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points of Asphalt by Cleveland Open Cup TesterASTM D8254-19 - Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points of Asphalt by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM D8254-19 - Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points of Asphalt by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
English language
8 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8254 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Flash and Fire Points of Asphalt by Cleveland Open Cup
1
Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8254; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This flash point and fire point test method is a dynamic method and depends on definite rates of
temperature increases to control the precision of the test method. Its primary use is for viscous
materials having flash point of 79 °C (174 °F) and above. It is also used to determine fire point, which
is a temperature above the flash point, at which the test specimen will support combustion for a
minimum of 5 s. Do not confuse this test method with Test Method D4206, which is a sustained
burning test, open cup type, at a specific temperature of 49 °C (120 °F).
Flash point values are a function of the apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and
the operational procedure carried out. Flash point can therefore only be defined in terms of a standard
test method, and no general valid correlation can be guaranteed between results obtained by different
test methods, or with test apparatus different from that specified.
1. Scope mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
For specific warning statements, see 6.4, 7.1, 11.1, 11.2.3, and
1.1 Thistestmethoddescribesthedeterminationoftheflash
11.3.4.
point and fire point of asphalt by a manual Cleveland open cup
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
apparatus or an automated Cleveland open cup apparatus.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
NOTE 1—Apparatus is the same as described in Test Method D92 with
the addition of the materials for the skin prevention technique. ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2 This test method is applicable to asphalts that can form
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
a skin, and those that do not form a skin during heat treatment.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.3 This test method is applicable to products with flash
points above 79 °C (174 °F) and below 400 °C (752 °F),
2. Referenced Documents
except fuel oils.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.4 The precision has been determined over the temperature
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
range of 300 °C to 370 °C (572 °F to 698 °F).
Open Cup Tester
D140 Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only Petroleum Products
and are not considered standard.
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D4206 Test Method for Sustained Burning of Liquid Mix-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tures Using the Small Scale Open-Cup Apparatus
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
2
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.47 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Miscellaneous Asphalt Tests. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved May 1, 2019. Published June 2019. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D8254-19. the ASTM website.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8254 − 19
3
2.2 Energy Institute Standard: 5.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to
Specifications for IP Standard Thermometers define flammable and combustible materials. Consult the
4 particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these
2.3 ISO Standards:
classifications.
ISO 17034 General requirements for the competence of
reference material producers 5.3 Flash point can indicate the possible presence of highly
volatile and flammable mate
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM D93-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The flash point temperature is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties which must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.  
5.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable  and combustible  materials. One should consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classifications.  
5.3 These test methods should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of these test methods may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.  
5.4 These test methods provide the only closed cup flash point test procedures for temperatures up to 370 °C (698 °F).
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the flash point of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40 °C to 370 °C by a manual Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus or an automated Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus, and the determination of the flash point of biodiesel in the temperature range of 60 °C to 190 °C by an automated Pensky-Martens closed cup apparatus.
Note 1: Flash point determinations above 250 °C can be performed, however, the precision has not been determined above this temperature. For residual fuels, precision has not been determined for flash points above 100 °C. The precision of in-use lubricating oils has not been determined. Some specifications state a D93 minimum flash point below 40 °C, however, the precision has not been determined below this temperature.  
1.2 Procedure A is applicable to distillate fuels (diesel, biodiesel blends, kerosine, heating oil, turbine fuels), new and in-use lubricating oils, and other homogeneous petroleum liquids not included in the scope of Procedure B or Procedure C.  
1.3 Procedure B is applicable to residual fuel oils, cutback residua, used lubricating oils, mixtures of petroleum liquids with solids, petroleum liquids that tend to form a surface film under test conditions, or are petroleum liquids of such kinematic viscosity that they are not uniformly heated under the stirring and heating conditions of Procedure A.  
1.4 Procedure C is applicable to biodiesel (B100). Since a flash point of residual alcohol in biodiesel is difficult to observe by manual flash point techniques, automated apparatus with electronic flash point detection have been found suitable.  
1.5 These test methods are applicable for the detection of contamination of relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable materials with volatile or flammable materials.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.6.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.
Note 2: It has been common practice in flash point standards for many decades to alternately use a C-scale or an F-scale thermometer for temperature measurement. Although the scales are close in increments, they are not equivalent. Because the F-scale thermometer used in this procedure is graduated in 5 °F increments, it is not possible to read it to the 2 °C equivalent increment of 3.6 °F. Therefore, for the purposes of application of the procedure of the test method for the separate temperature scale thermometers, different increments must be used. In this test method, the following protocol has been adopted: When a temperature is intended to be a converted equivalent, it will appear in parentheses following the SI unit, for example 370 °C (698 °F). When a temperature is inte...

  • Standard
    18 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    18 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D92-18(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The flash point is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that should be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.  
5.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials. Consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classifications.  
5.3 Flash point can indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable material. For example, an abnormally low flash point on a test specimen of engine oil can indicate gasoline contamination.  
5.4 This test method shall be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and a test flame under controlled laboratory conditions and shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment that takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.  
5.5 The fire point is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to support combustion.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the flash point and fire point of petroleum products by a manual Cleveland open cup apparatus or an automated Cleveland open cup apparatus.  
Note 1: The precisions for fire point were not determined in the current interlaboratory program. Fire point is a parameter that is not commonly specified, although in some cases, knowledge of this flammability temperature may be desired.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to all petroleum products with flash points above 79 °C (175 °F) and below 400 °C (752 °F) except fuel oils.  
Note 2: This test method may occasionally be specified for the determination of the fire point of a fuel oil. For the determination of the flash points of fuel oils, use Test Method D93. Test Method D93 should also be used when it is desired to determine the possible presence of small but significant concentrations of lower flash point substances that may escape detection by Test Method D92. Test Method D1310 can be employed if the flash point is known to be below 79 °C (175 °F).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.4, 7.1, 11.1.3, and 11.2.4.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A370-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The primary use of these test methods is testing to determine the specified mechanical properties of steel, stainless steel, and related alloy products for the evaluation of conformance of such products to a material specification under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 and its subcommittees as designated by a purchaser in a purchase order or contract.  
4.1.1 These test methods may be and are used by other ASTM Committees and other standards writing bodies for the purpose of conformance testing.  
4.1.2 The material condition at the time of testing, sampling frequency, specimen location and orientation, reporting requirements, and other test parameters are contained in the pertinent material specification or in a general requirement specification for the particular product form.  
4.1.3 Some material specifications require the use of additional test methods not described herein; in such cases, the required test method is described in that material specification or by reference to another appropriate test method standard.  
4.2 These test methods are also suitable to be used for testing of steel, stainless steel and related alloy materials for other purposes, such as incoming material acceptance testing by the purchaser or evaluation of components after service exposure.  
4.2.1 As with any mechanical testing, deviations from either specification limits or expected as-manufactured properties can occur for valid reasons besides deficiency of the original as-fabricated product. These reasons include, but are not limited to: subsequent service degradation from environmental exposure (for example, temperature, corrosion); static or cyclic service stress effects, mechanically-induced damage, material inhomogeneity, anisotropic structure, natural aging of select alloys, further processing not included in the specification, sampling limitations, and measuring equipment calibration uncertainty. There is statistical variation in all aspects of mechanical testin...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods2 cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of steels, stainless steels, and related alloys. The various mechanical tests herein described are used to determine properties required in the product specifications. Variations in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing are to be followed to obtain reproducible and comparable results. In those cases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique or at variance with these general procedures, the product specification testing requirements shall control.  
1.2 The following mechanical tests are described:    
Sections  
Tension  
7 to 14  
Bend  
15  
Hardness  
16  
Brinell  
17  
Rockwell  
18  
Portable  
19  
Impact  
20 to 30  
Keywords  
32  
1.3 Annexes covering details peculiar to certain products are appended to these test methods as follows:    
Annex  
Bar Products  
Annex A1  
Tubular Products  
Annex A2  
Fasteners  
Annex A3  
Round Wire Products  
Annex A4  
Significance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing  
Annex A5  
Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to
Equivalents for Flat Specimens  
Annex A6    
Testing Multi-Wire Strand  
Annex A7  
Rounding of Test Data  
Annex A8  
Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars  
Annex A9  
Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-cycle Simulation  
Annex A10  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 When these test methods are referenced in a metric product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SI (MPa) units. The elongation determined in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 in. or 8 in. may be report...

  • Standard
    51 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    51 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D3495-10(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hexane Extraction of Leather

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method measures the amount of hexane-soluble lubricant present in all types of leather. Adequate lubrication prevents abrasion of leather fibers during flexing. This lubrication is generally obtained from the fat liquor added at the tannery. Some lubrication is also obtained from natural grease produced during the life of the animal.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative extraction of all types of leather with hexane. This test method does not apply to wet blue.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F981-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Assessment of Muscle and Bone Tissue Responses to Long-Term Implantable Materials Used in Medical Devices

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is a guideline for short-term and long-term assessment of skeletal muscle and bone tissue responses to long-term implant materials. For testing of final finished medical devices, the test article for implantation shall be as for intended use, including packaging and sterilization. The tissue responses to the test article are compared to the skeletal muscle and/or bone tissue response(s) elicited by control materials. The controls consistently demonstrate known cellular reaction and wound healing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides guidelines for biological assessment of tissue responses to nonabsorbable for medical device implants. It assesses the effects of the material that is implanted intramuscularly or intraosseously. The experimental protocol is not designed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the systemic toxicity, immune response, carcinogenicity, or mutagenicity of the material since other standards address these issues. It applies only to materials with projected applications in humans where the materials will reside in bone or skeletal muscle tissue in excess of 30 days. Applications in other organ systems or tissues may be inappropriate and are therefore excluded. Control materials are well recognized with a well-characterized long-term response and can include metals and any one of the metal alloys in Specification F67, F75, F90, F136, F138, or F562, high purity dense aluminum oxide as described in Specification F603, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene as stated in Specification F648, or USP polyethylene negative control.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units, including units officially accepted for use with SI, are to be regarded as standard. No other systems of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM C1157/C1157M-23(Specification)
Standard Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement

SCOPE
1.1 This performance specification covers hydraulic cements for both general and special applications. There are no restrictions on the composition of the cement or its constituents (see Note 1).
Note 1: There are two related hydraulic cement standards, Specification C150/C150M for portland cement and Specifications C595/C595M for blended cements, both of which contain prescriptive and performance requirements  
1.2 This performance specification classifies cements based on specific requirements for general use, high early strength, resistance to attack by sulfates, and heat of hydration. Optional requirements are provided for the property of low reactivity with alkali-silica-reactive aggregates and for air-entraining cements.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Values in SI units [or inch-pound units] shall be obtained by measurement in SI units [or inch-pound units] or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units [or SI units]. Values are stated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice.  
1.4 The text of this performance specification refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) are not requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6182-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Flexibility and Adhesion of Finish on Leather

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use on any type of finished leather.  
5.2 This test method will give an indication of the flexibility, adhesion, and strength of the finish on leather.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended for use on finished leather to evaluate resistance to cracking, delamination, and discoloration of the finish when subjected to repeated flexing. This test method does not apply to wet blue.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F2675/F2675M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Arc Ratings of Hand Protective Products Developed and Used for Electrical Arc Flash Protection

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for the determination of the arc rating of a hand protective product material, or a combination of hand protective product materials.  
5.1.1 Because of the variability of the arc exposure, different heat transmission values are observed at individual sensors. Evaluate the results of each sensor in accordance with Section 12.  
5.2 This test method maintains the specimen in a static, vertical position and does not involve movement except that resulting from the exposure.  
5.3 This test method specifies a standard set of exposure conditions. Different exposure conditions have the potential to produce different results. In addition to the standard set of exposure conditions, other conditions are allowed and shall be documented in the reporting of the testing results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to determine the arc rating of hand protective products in the form of gloves, glove materials, glove material systems, or other protective products designed to fit on the hand and specifically intended for electric arc flash protection use as protective accessories for workers exposed to electric arcs. The arc rating is determined in the test with an arc that has a heat flux value of 2100 kW/m2 [50 cal/cm2/s].  
1.2 This test method will determine the arc rating of hand protective products made of materials that meet the following requirements for flame resistance: less than 150 mm [6 in.] char length, less than 2 s afterflame and no melt and drip when tested in accordance with Test Method D6413, receive a reported 50 % probability of ignition of a material or flammable underlayer (see definition of ignition50) by this method, or that have been evaluated and pass the ignition withstand requirements of this test method.  
1.2.1 It is the intent of this test method to be used for hand protective products that are flame resistant or that have an adequate flame resistance for the required hazard (see 1.2). Non-flame resistant hand protective products may be used as under layers in multiple-layer systems or tested for ignition probability or ignition withstand.  
1.2.2 Hand protective products tested by this test method are new and ratings received by this method may be reduced or eliminated by hydrocarbon loading (gasoline, diesel fuel, transformer oil, etc.), sweat, dirt, grease, or other contaminants. The end user takes responsibility for use of hand protective products tested by this method when contaminated in such a manner that could reduce or eliminate the arc rating of the hand protective products.  
1.2.3 This test method is designed to provide information for gloves used for electric arc protection only. This test method is not suitable for determining electrical protective properties of hand protective products.  
1.3 This test method is used to measure and describe the properties of hand protective products in response to convective and radiant energy generated by an electric arc under controlled laboratory conditions.  
1.4 This test method does not apply to electrical contact or electrical shock hazards.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined  
1.6 This standard shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire assessment that takes into account all of the factors, which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this s...

  • Standard
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F1911-05(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Installation of Barbed Tape

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended to provide standard requirements utilizing specialized equipment and hand tools.  
4.2 Ensure that the barbed tape is fabricated from acceptable material and well constructed. Field verification of the barbed tape's acceptability shall be in accordance with the project's specifications and this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the installation procedure for barbed tape.  
1.2 The primary purpose of this practice is to guide those responsible for or concerned with the installation of barbed tape on chain link fences, masonry walls, roofs or used as ground barriers. This standard is not intended to cover aspects of perimeter security for establishing levels of product performance or give analysis relating to various design comparisons.  
1.3 This standard involves the use of material, that may cause injury, including exposure to hazardous materials, and operation of specialized equipment.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4861-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling and Selection of Analytical Techniques for Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Air

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is recommended for use primarily for non-occupational exposure monitoring in domiciles, public access buildings, and offices.  
5.2 The methods described in this practice have been successfully applied to measurement of pesticides and PCBs in outdoor air and for personal respiratory exposure monitoring.  
5.3 A broad spectrum of pesticides are commonly used in and around the house and for insect control in public and commercial buildings. Other semivolatile organic chemicals, such as PCBs, are also often present in indoor air, particularly in large office buildings. This practice promotes needed precision and bias in the determination of many of these airborne chemicals.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the sampling of air for a variety of common pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and provides guidance on the selection of appropriate analytical measurement methods. Other compounds such as polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/furans, polybrominated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated naphthalenes may be efficiently collected from air by this practice, but guidance on their analytical determination is not covered by this practice.  
1.2 The sampling and analysis of PCBs in air can be more complicated than sampling PCBs in solid media (for example, soils, building materials) or liquids (for example, transformer fluids). PCBs in solid or liquid material are typically analyzed using Aroclor2 distillation groups in chromatograms. In contrast, recent research has shown that analysis of PCBs in air samples by GC-ECD has also been found to exhibit potential uncertainties due to changes in the PCB patterns, differences in responses in distillation groups, peak co-elutions and differences in response factors within a homolog group (1, 2).3 As such it is recommended that PCBs in air not be quantified using AroclorTM distillation groups. In addition, it is recommended that analysis of PCBs in air be done using GC-MS rather than GC-ECD. Any mention, to outdated practices for “Aroclor” and GC-ECD analysis of PCBs herein are retained solely for historical perspective.  
1.3 A complete listing of pesticides and other semivolatile organic chemicals for which this practice has been tested is shown in Table 1.  
1.4 This practice is based on the collection of chemicals from air onto polyurethane foam (PUF) or a combination of PUF and granular sorbent (for example, diphenyl oxide, styrene-divinylbenzene), or a granular sorbent alone.  
1.5 This practice is applicable to multicomponent atmospheres, 0.001 μg/m3 to 50 μg/m3 concentrations, and 4 h to 24 h sampling periods. The limit of detection will depend on the nature of the analyte and the length of the sampling period.  
1.6 The analytical method(s) recommended will depend on the specific chemical(s) sought, the concentration level, and the degree of specificity required.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see 10.24 and A1.1.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    16 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off