ASTM C1027-99(2004)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Visible Abrasion Resistance of Glazed Ceramic Tile
Standard Test Method for Determining Visible Abrasion Resistance of Glazed Ceramic Tile
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The abrasion resistance of tile surfaces is determined by rotation of an abrasive load on the surface and the assessment of the resultant wear by means of visual comparison of the abraded test specimens and nonabraded tiles. A staining agent in light oil may be used to help determine whether abrasion surface is likely to result in mechanical entrapment of dirt particles.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is designed to measure the resistance of tile surfaces to visible surface abrasion. Certain irregular surfaces may not be evaluated properly by this test method because of wear patterns.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This procedure does not make provisions for the apparent difference in abrasion values between light and dark colored tile.
1.4 This procedure does not optimally evaluate loss of gloss with abrasion.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C1027 – 99 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Visible Abrasion Resistance of Glazed Ceramic
Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1027; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Abrasive Load
1.1 Thistestmethodisdesignedtomeasuretheresistanceof 4.1 The total load on each test specimen consists of the
tile surfaces to visible surface abrasion. Certain irregular following:
surfaces may not be evaluated properly by this test method 4.1.1 Grade 25 chrome steel balls of various diameters:
because of wear patterns. 4.1.1.1 70.0 g of 5-mm diameter steel balls.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded 4.1.1.2 52.5 g of 3-mm diameter steel balls.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for 4.1.1.3 43.75 g of 2-mm diameter steel balls.
information only. 4.1.1.4 8.75 g of 1-mm diameter steel balls.
1.3 This procedure does not make provisions for the appar- 4.1.2 3.0 g No. 80 grit aluminum oxide, and
ent difference in abrasion values between light and dark 4.1.3 20 6 0.5-mL demineralized water.
colored tile.
5. Reagents and Apparatus
1.4 This procedure does not optimally evaluate loss of gloss
5.1 AbrasionApparatus—The abrasion apparatus shall con-
with abrasion.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the sist of a steel case with a built-in electrical drive to a horizontal
supporting plate with positions for a maximum of nine test
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- specimens of dimensions at least 100 by 100 mm (see Fig. 1),
but an apparatus with fewer positions may be used. The
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. distance between the center of each position shall be 195 mm.
There shall be equal distance between each adjacent position.
2. Referenced Documents
The supporting plate rotates at 300 revolutions/min with an
2.1 ISO Standard: eccentricity of 22.5 mm so that every part of each test
ISO 10545–14 specimen describes a circular motion of 45-mm diameter. The
test specimens are held down with the aid of metal holders,
3. Significance and Use
which are provided with rubber seals (see Fig. 2). The internal
3.1 The abrasion resistance of tile surfaces is determined by
diameter of the holders is 83 mm, thus providing a test area of
rotation of an abrasive load on the surface and the assessment about 54 cm . The thickness of the rubber is 2.5 mm and the
of the resultant wear by means of visual comparison of the
height of the space under the holder is 25.5 mm.The apparatus
abraded test specimens and nonabraded tiles. A staining agent switches off automatically after completion of a preset number
in light oil may be used to help determine whether abrasion
of revolutions. The supporting plate with holders and test
surface is likely to result in mechanical entrapment of dirt specimens should have a cover during operation.
particles.
5.2 Apparatus for Visual Assessment—A viewing box (see
Fig. 3) equipped with fluorescent lighting of color temperature
5000 to 6500K placed vertically above the surface to be
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramic
observed providing 300-lux illumination. The interior of the
Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
box shall be painted a neutral gray.
C21.06 on Ceramic Tile.
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originally
5.3 Drying Oven, capable of operation at (110 + 5)°C.
approved 1984. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C1027 – 99. DOI:
5.4 10% (v/v) Hydrochloric Acid Solution, prepared by
10.1520/C1027-99R04.
2 adding 263 mL of 38 % hydrochloric acid to 837 mL of
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. distilled or demineralized water.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C1027 – 99 (2004)
6. Test Specimen 7.2 Cleaning Procedure—The resistance to staining of the
abraded tile surfaces is determined by maintaining test solu-
6.1 Types of Test Specimens—Test specimens shall be rep-
tions and materials in contact with the proper surface of the
resentative of the sample. Where tiles have different colors or
tilesforasuitablelengthoftime;thesurfacearethensubjected
decorative effects in parts of the surface, care should be taken
to defined cleaning methods, and finally, inspected for visual
to include all distinctive parts.
change.
6.2 The usual facial dimensions of test specimens are 4 by
7.2.1 Test Specimens—Only one abraded tile is required for
4 in. (10 by 10 cm). Test specimens with smaller facial
each of the abrasion stages to be tested.
dimensions shall be fastened close together on a suitable
7.2.2 Staining Agents—Green staining agent in light oil
supporting material. Edge effects at the narrow joints shall be
and red staining agent in light oil (for green-colored tile only).
ignored.
7.2.3 Cleaning Agents:
6.3 Number of Test Specimens—Eleven test specimens are
7.2.3.1 Hot Water.
required. Eight test specimens also are required for the visual
7.2.3.2 Weak Cleaning Agent, a commercial agent, not
assessment. The procedure requires one test specimen for each
containing abrasive, with a pH of 6.5 to 7.5.
stage of abrasion, and subsequently, an additional three test
7.2.3.3 StrongCleaningAgent,acommercialcleaningagent
specimens to verify the result at the visual fail point.
containing abrasive, with a pH of 9 to 10.
6.4 Preparation—The surfaces, of the test specimens to be
7.2.4 Suggested Solvents:
tested, are to be clean and dry.
7.2.4.1 3% (v/v) HCl Solution, prepared from 38 % hydro-
chloric acid by adding 79 mL of the reagent hydrochloric acid
7. Procedure
solution to 951 mL of distilled water.
7.1 Abrasion Procedure—Clamp a metal holder on to the
7.2.4.2 20% KOH Solution (200 g/L), prepared by dissolv-
glazed surface of each test specimen on the abrasion apparatus.
ing200gof90 %potassiumhydroxidecrystalsin1Lofwater.
Introduce the abrasive load, as described in Section 4, into the
7.2.4.3 Acetone, technical grade.
holder through the hole in its upper surface. The hole may be
7.3 Application of the Staining Agent—Lightly rub three to
sealed to prevent loss from the abrasive load. The number of
four drops of the staining agent paste on the abraded surface
revolutions of the preset counter for each abrasion stage of the
and cover with a 30-mm convex watch glass to allow the
test is 100, 150, 600, 750, 1500, 2100, 6000, and 12 000.
stainingagenttospreadinacircularpatte
...
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