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ASTM E1488-09

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying Test Methods

Standard Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying Test Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
All ASTM test methods are required to include statements on precision and bias.  
Since ASTM began to require all test methods to have precision and bias statements that are based on interlaboratory test methods, there has been increased concern regarding what statistical experiments and procedures to use during the development of the test methods. Although there exists a wide range of statistical procedures, there is a small group of generally accepted techniques that are very beneficial to follow. This document is designed to provide a brief overview of these procedures and to suggest an appropriate sequence of carrying out these procedures.
Statistical procedures often result in interpretations that are not absolutes. Sometimes the information obtained may be inadequate or incomplete, which may lead to additional questions and the need for further experimentation. Information outside the data is also important in establishing standards and in the interpretation of numerical results.
FIG. 1 Sequence of Steps
SCOPE
1.1 This guide identifies statistical procedures for use in developing new test methods or revising or evaluating existing test methods, or both.
1.2 This guide also cites statistical procedures especially useful in the application of test methods.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-May-2009
ICS
07.020 - Mathematics
19.020 - Test conditions and procedures in general
Technical Committee
E11 - Quality and Statistics
Drafting Committee
E11.20 - Test Method Evaluation and Quality Control
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E1488-08a - Standard Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying Test Methods
Effective Date
15-May-2009
Replaced By
ASTM E1488-12 - Standard Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying Test Methods
Effective Date
01-Aug-2012
Referred By
ASTM D8314-20 - Standard Guide for Performance Testing of Applied Stretch Films and Stretch Wrapping
Effective Date
15-May-2009
Referred By
ASTM E177-20 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
Effective Date
15-May-2009
Referred By
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Effective Date
15-May-2009
Referred By
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Effective Date
15-May-2009
Referred By
ASTM E1169-21 - Standard Practice for Conducting Ruggedness Tests
Effective Date
15-May-2009
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15-May-2009
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1488 − 09 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Guide for
Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying
1
Test Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1488; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This guide identifies statistical procedures for use in 3.1 Definitions:
developing new test methods or revising or evaluating existing
3.1.1 bias, n—the difference between the expectation of the
test methods, or both.
test results and an accepted reference value. E177
1.2 This guide also cites statistical procedures especially 3.1.1.1 Discussion—Statistical procedures include the sam-
useful in the application of test methods. plingconsiderationsortheexperimentdesignforthecollection
of data, or both, and the numerical and graphical approaches to
2. Referenced Documents summarize and analyze the collected data.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.2 coeffıcient of variation, CV, n—for a nonnegative
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
characteristic, the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean
ASTM Test Methods
for a population or sample. E2586
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
3.1.3 component of variance, n—a part of a total variance
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
identified with a specified source of variability.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method 3.1.4 control chart, n—chart on which are plotted a statis-
ticalmeasureofasubgroupversustimeofsamplingalongwith
E1169 Practice for Conducting Ruggedness Tests
E2282 Guide for Defining the Test Result of a Test Method limits based on the statistical distribution of that measure so as
to indicate how much common, or chance, cause variation is
E2489 Practice for Statistical Analysis of One-Sample and
Two-SampleInterlaboratoryProficiencyTestingPrograms inherent in the process or product. E2587
E2554 Practice for Estimating and Monitoring the Uncer-
3.1.5 observation, n—the process of obtaining information
tainty of Test Results of a Test Method in a Single
regarding the presence or absence of an attribute of a test
Laboratory Using a Control Sample Program
specimen, or of making a reading on a characteristic or
E2586 Practice for Calculating and Using Basic Statistics
dimension of a test specimen. E2282
E2587 Practice for Use of Control Charts in Statistical
3.1.6 observed value, n—the value obtained by making an
Process Control
observation. E2282
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of 3.1.7 precision, n—the closeness of agreement between
3
Testing and Calibration Laboratories
independent test results obtained under stipulated conditions.
ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measure- E177
3
ment
3.1.8 proficiency testing, n—determination of laboratory
testing performance by means of interlaboratory comparisons.
E2489
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E11 on Quality and
Statistics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E11.20 on Test Method 3.1.9 repeatability, n—precision under repeatability condi-
Evaluation and Quality Control.
tions. E177
Current edition approved May 15, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E1488 – 08a. DOI:
3.1.10 repeatability conditions, n—conditions where inde-
10.1520/E1488-09.
pendent test results are obtained with the same method on
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
identical test items in the same laboratory by the same operator
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
using the same equipment within short intervals of time. E177
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
3.1.11 repeatability limit r, n—the value below which the
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. absolutedifferencebetweentwoindividualtestresultsobtained
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1488 − 09
under repeatability conditions may be expected to occur with a 4. Significance and Use
probability of approximately 0.95 (95 %). E177
4.1 All ASTM test methods are required to include state-
4
ments on precision and bias.
3.1.12 repeatability standard deviation, n— the standard
deviation of test re
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:E 1488–08a Designation: E1488 – 09
Standard Guide for
Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying
1
Test Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1488; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide identifies statistical procedures for use in developing new test methods or revising or evaluating existing test
methods, or both.
1.2 This guide also cites statistical procedures especially useful in the application of test methods.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1169 Practice for Conducting Ruggedness Tests
E2282 Guide for Defining the Test Result of a Test Method
E2489 Practice for Statistical Analysis of One-Sample and Two-Sample Interlaboratory Proficiency Testing Programs
E2554 Practice for Estimating and Monitoring the Uncertainty of Test Results of a Test Method in a Single Laboratory Using
a Control Sample Program
E2586 Practice for Calculating and Using Basic Statistics
E2587 Practice for Use of Control Charts in Statistical Process Control
2.2 ISO Standards:
3
ISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
3
ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 bias, n—the difference between the expectation of the test results and an accepted reference value. E177
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Statistical procedures include the sampling considerations or the experiment design for the collection of
data, or both, and the numerical and graphical approaches to summarize and analyze the collected data.
3.1.2 coeffıcient of variation, CV, n—for a nonnegative characteristic, the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean for a
population or sample. E2586
3.1.3 component of variance, n—a part of a total variance identified with a specified source of variability.
3.1.4 control chart, n—chart on which are plotted a statistical measure of a subgroup versus time of sampling along with limits
based on the statistical distribution of that measure so as to indicate how much common, or chance, cause variation is inherent in
the process or product. E2587
3.1.5 observation, n—the process of obtaining information regarding the presence or absence of an attribute of a test specimen,
or of making a reading on a characteristic or dimension of a test specimen. E2282
3.1.6 observed value, n—the value obtained by making an observation. E2282
3.1.7 precision, n—the closeness of agreement between independent test results obtained under stipulated conditions. E177
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE11onQualityandStatisticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE11.20onTestMethodEvaluation
and Quality Control.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E 1488–08.
Current edition approved May 15, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E1488 – 08a. DOI:
10.1520/E1488-09.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1488 – 09
3.1.8 proficiency testing, n—determination of laboratory testing performance by means of interlaboratory comparisons.
E2489
3.1.9 repeatability, n—precision under repeatability conditions. E177
3.1.10 repeatability conditions, n—conditions where independent test results are obtained with the same method on identical
test items in the same laboratory by the same operator using the same equipment within short interval
...

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ASTM
ASTM D545-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Preformed Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete Construction (Nonextruding and Resilient Types)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The compression resistance perpendicular to the faces, the resistance to the extrusion during compression, and the ability to recover after release of the load are indicative of a joint filler's ability to continuously fill a concrete expansion joint and thereby prevent damage that might otherwise occur during thermal expansion. The asphalt content is a measure of the fiber-type joint filler's durability and life expectancy. In the case of cork-type fillers, the resistance to water absorption and resistance to boiling hydrochloric acid are relative measures of durability and life expectancy.
Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the physical properties associated with preformed expansion joint fillers. The test methods include:    
Property  
Section  
Expansion in Boiling Water  
7.1  
Recovery and Compression  
7.2  
Extrusion  
7.3  
Boiling in Hydrochloric Acid  
7.4  
Asphalt Content  
7.5  
Water Absorption  
7.6  
Density  
7.7
Note 1: Specific test methods are applicable only to certain types of joint fillers, as stated herein.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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ASTM
ASTM D517-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Asphalt Plank

ABSTRACT
This specification covers asphalt plank used for bridge decks as well as for industrial floors. Asphalt planks shall be classified according to usage: Type Ia; Type Ib; and Type II. Asphalt plank shall be formed from a mixture of asphalt, fibers, modifiers, or a combination thereof, and mineral filler in such a manner as to produce a uniformly dense mass. The following test methods shall be intended to measure those attributes necessary to measure the ability of asphalt plank to provide a reasonably long and satisfactory service: absorption; brittleness; dimensions; and hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asphalt plank used for bridge decks as well as for industrial floors.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
    3 pages
    English language
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