ASTM D885/D885M-10A(2014)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured Organic-Base Fibers (Withdrawn 2023)
Standard Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured Organic-Base Fibers (Withdrawn 2023)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The procedures in these test methods should be used with caution for acceptance of commercial shipments owing to the absence of factual information on the between-laboratory precision of many of the test procedures included in these test methods. It is recommended that any program of acceptance testing be preceded by an interlaboratory check in the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier on replicate specimens of the materials to be tested for each property (or properties) to be evaluated.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and that are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
5.2 The significance and use of particular properties are discussed in the appropriate sections of specific test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of industrial filament yarns made wholly of manufactured organic-base fibers, cords twisted from such yarns, fabrics woven from such cords, and products that are made specifically for use in the manufacture of pneumatic tires. They may be applied to similar yarns and cords used for reinforcing other rubber goods and for other industrial applications. The test methods apply to nylon, polyester, and rayon yarns and tire cords twisted from such yarns and to fabrics made from such cords. The yarn or cord may be wound on cones, tubes, bobbins, spools, or beams; may be woven into fabric; or may be in some other form. The methods include testing procedure only and include no specifications or tolerances.
1.2 No procedure is included for the determination of fatigue resistance of cord, but several commonly used procedures for the measurement of fatigue resistance of cords in rubber were published in the appendix of these test methods in the 1967 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 24, and in earlier issues of Test Methods D885.
1.3 The sections on “Growth of Conditioned Yarns and Cords,” “Properties of Yarns and Cords at Elevated Temperature,” and “Properties of Wet Yarns and Cords” have been moved to Appendix X1 – Appendix X3 as non-mandatory informational items because of their very limited use by the industry and because precision and bias statements are not included.
1.4 This standard includes the following sections:
Section
Adhesion of Cord to Elastomers
34
Bibliography of Tire Cord Test Methods
X5
Breaking Strength (Force) of Yarns and Cords at Elevated Tempera-
ture
X2.3
Breaking Strength (Force) of Conditioned Yarns and Cords
16
Breaking Strength (Force) of Oven-Dried Rayon Yarns and Cords
23
Breaking Strength (Force) of Rayon Yarns and Cords at Specified
Moisture Regain Level, Adjustment of
17
Breaking Tenacity of Conditioned Yarns and Cords
18
Breaking Tenacity of Oven-Dried Rayon Yarns and Cords
24
Breaking Toughness of Yarns and Cords
28
Commercial Mass
9
Conditioning
7
Contraction of Wet Yarns and Cords
X3
Count of Tire Cord Fabric
37
Dip (Adhesive) Solids Pickup on Yarns and Cords
33
Elongation at Break of Conditioned Yarns and Cords
19
Elongation at Break of Oven-Dried Rayon Yarns and Cords
25
...
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
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Designation: D885/D885M − 10a (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Methods for
Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns
Made from Manufactured Organic-Base Fibers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D885/D885M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
ε NOTE—Eq 27 was corrected editorially in October 2014.
1. Scope
Breaking Strength (Force) of Yarns and Cords at Elevated Tempera- X2.3
ture
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of industrial
Breaking Strength (Force) of Conditioned Yarns and Cords 16
Breaking Strength (Force) of Oven-Dried Rayon Yarns and Cords 23
filament yarns made wholly of manufactured organic-base
Breaking Strength (Force) of Rayon Yarns and Cords at Specified 17
fibers, cords twisted from such yarns, fabrics woven from such
Moisture Regain Level, Adjustment of
cords, and products that are made specifically for use in the
Breaking Tenacity of Conditioned Yarns and Cords 18
manufactureofpneumatictires.Theymaybeappliedtosimilar Breaking Tenacity of Oven-Dried Rayon Yarns and Cords 24
Breaking Toughness of Yarns and Cords 28
yarnsandcordsusedforreinforcingotherrubbergoodsandfor
Commercial Mass 9
other industrial applications. The test methods apply to nylon,
Conditioning 7
Contraction of Wet Yarns and Cords X3
polyester, and rayon yarns and tire cords twisted from such
Count of Tire Cord Fabric 37
yarns and to fabrics made from such cords. The yarn or cord
Dip (Adhesive) Solids Pickup on Yarns and Cords 33
maybewoundoncones,tubes,bobbins,spools,orbeams;may
Elongation at Break of Conditioned Yarns and Cords 19
Elongation at Break of Oven-Dried Rayon Yarns and Cords 25
be woven into fabric; or may be in some other form. The
Elongation of Rayon Yarns and Cords at a Specified Moisture Regain 20
methods include testing procedure only and include no speci-
Level, Adjustment of Observed
fications or tolerances.
Extractable Matter in Yarns and Cords 32
Force at Specified Elongation (FASE) of Conditioned Yarns and 21
1.2 No procedure is included for the determination of
Cords
fatigue resistance of cord, but several commonly used proce- Force at Specified Elongation (FASE) of Oven-Dried Rayon Yarns and 26
Cords
dures for the measurement of fatigue resistance of cords in
Growth of Conditioned Yarns and Cords X1
rubber were published in the appendix of these test methods in
Identification of Fibers 8
the 1967 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 24, and in
Keywords 40
Linear Density 11
earlier issues of Test Methods D885.
Mass of per Unit Area of Tire Cord Fabric 36
Modulus of Conditioned Yarns and Cords 22
1.3 The sections on “Growth of Conditioned Yarns and
Moisture Regain, Actual 10
Cords,” “Properties of Yarns and Cords at Elevated
Precision and Bias of Certain Yarn and Cord Tests 39
Temperature,” and “Properties of Wet Yarns and Cords” have
35 to
Properties of Tire Cord Fabric 38
beenmovedtoAppendixX1–AppendixX3asnon-mandatory
Sampling 6
informational items because of their very limited use by the
Shrinkage Force of Conditioned Yarns and Cords at Elevated Temper-
industry and because precision and bias statements are not
ature X2.5
Shrinkage of Conditioned Yarns and Cords at Elevated Temperature X2.4
included.
Significance and Use, General 5
1.4 This standard includes the following sections: Significance and Use, Tensile Properties 14
SI Calculations (examples for work-to-break, specific work-to-break,
Section
and breaking toughness) X4
Adhesion of Cord to Elastomers 34
Stiffness of Fabric 38
Bibliography of Tire Cord Test Methods X5
12 to
Tensile Properties of Yarns and Cords 28
Terminology 3
Thickness of Cords 31
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on
Twist in Yarns and Cords 30
Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Industrial
Width of Tire Cord Fabric 35
Fibers and Metallic Reinforcements.
Work-to-Break of Yarns and Cords 27
Current edition approved May 15, 2014. Published June 2014. Originally
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D885/D885M – 10a.
DOI: 10.1520/D0885_D0885M-10AR14E01. are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D885/D885M − 10a (2014)
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each yarns and tire cords, pneumatic tire, single twist, standard
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining atmosphere for testing textiles, tabby sample, tire, and tire cord
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance fabric.
with the standard. 3.1.2 For definitions of terms related to force and deforma-
tion in textiles, refer to Terminology D4848.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.2.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
breaking force, breaking strength, breaking tenacity. breaking
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
toughness, chord modulus, in a stress-strain curve, elongation,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
force at specified elongation (FASE), initial modulus, tensile
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
strength, and work-to-break.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.3 For definitions of other terms related to textiles, refer
to Terminology D123.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.3.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
fabric and growth.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D276 Test Methods for Identification of Fibers in Textiles
4. Summary of Test Methods, General
D1423 Test Method for Twist in Yarns by Direct-Counting
4.1 Asummary of the directions prescribed for the determi-
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
nationofspecificpropertiesisstatedintheappropriatesections
D1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials
of specific test methods.
D1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Num-
ber) by the Skein Method
5. Significance and Use, General
D1909 Standard Tables of Commercial Moisture Regains
and Commercial Allowances for Textile Fibers 5.1 The procedures in these test methods should be used
D2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles with caution for acceptance of commercial shipments owing to
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing the absence of factual information on the between-laboratory
D2462 Test Method for Moisture in Wool by Distillation precision of many of the test procedures included in these test
With Toluene methods. It is recommended that any program of acceptance
testing be preceded by an interlaboratory check in the labora-
D2494 Test Method for Commercial Mass of a Shipment of
Yarn or Manufactured Staple Fiber or Tow tory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier on
replicate specimens of the materials to be tested for each
D2654 Test Method for Moisture in Textiles (Withdrawn
1998) property (or properties) to be evaluated.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
D3774 Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric
D3775 Test Method forWarp (End) and Filling (Pick) Count tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
of Woven Fabrics
D3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
Fabric assistance.As a minimum, test samples should be used that are
D4393 Test Method for Strap Peel Adhesion of Reinforcing as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the material
Cords or Fabrics to Rubber Compounds from which the disparate test results were obtained, and that
D4776 Test Method for Adhesion of Tire Cords and Other are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for
Reinforcing Cords to Rubber Compounds by H-Test testing. Other materials with established test values may be
Procedure used for this purpose.The test results from the two laboratories
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at
Related Properties of Textiles a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is
D6477 Terminology Relating toTire Cord, BeadWire, Hose found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future
Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known
bias.
3. Terminology
5.2 The significance and use of particular properties are
3.1 Definitions:
discussed in the appropriate sections of specific test methods.
3.1.1 Fordefinitionsoftermsrelatingtotirecord,beadwire,
hose wire, and tire cord fabrics, refer to Terminology D6477.
6. Sampling
3.1.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
6.1 Yarn:
cord, cord twist, dip, dip pickup, in a textile cord or fabric,
6.1.1 Packages—For acceptance testing, sample each lot as
industrial yarn, moisture equilibrium for testing, for industrial
directed in Practice D2258. Place each laboratory sampling
unit in a moisture-proof polyethylene bag or other moisture-
proof container to protect the samples from atmospheric
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
changes until ready to condition the samples in the atmosphere
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
for testing industrial yarns and tire cords. Take the number of
the ASTM website.
specimens for testing specified for the specific property mea-
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. surement to be made.
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D885/D885M − 10a (2014)
6.1.2 Beams—For acceptance testing, sample by winding tape or strips of cemented fabric applied across a section of the
yarns on a tube or spool by means of a winder using a tension cord fabric to give a tabby sample length at least 0.5-m [18-in.]
of 5 6 1 mN/tex [0.05 6 0.01 gf/den]. Take the yarn from the long and at least one tenth of the roll width wide.
outside beam layers unless there is a question or disagreement 6.3.3 Preparation of Samples—Cut the warp cords of the
regarding the shipment; in this case, take the sample only after fabric along the center line of the special tabby for a distance
removingyarnfromthebeamtoaradialdepthof6mm[ ⁄4 in.] equaltothewidthofthesample.Ifthisdistanceislessthanthe
or more to minimize the effects of handling and atmospheric full width of the fabric, cut the filling yarns of the sample and
changes that may have occurred during shipment or storage. of the special and regular tabbies in the direction parallel with
Place each laboratory sampling unit in a moisture-proof thewarpcords.Theresultingsectionofcordfabricisthetabby
polyethylene bag or other moisture-proof container to protect sample. Attach the tabby sample to a piece of cardboard or
the samples from atmospheric changes until ready to condition fiberboard, the length of which shall be equal to at least the
the samples in the atmosphere for testing industrial yarns and length of the cord warp between tabbies. Fold the tabby
tire cords. Take the number of specimens for testing specified portions of the sample over each end of the board, and secure
for the specific property measurement to be made. the sample to the board with pressure-sensitive tape or staples.
Use care to avoid contact of tape or staples with the area to be
6.2 Cord:
tested. Handle the sample carefully, and hold it under sufficient
6.2.1 Number of Samples and Specimens—The size of an
tensioninthewarpdirectiontopreventthecordsfromkinking.
acceptance sampling lot of tire cord shall be not more than one
Discard any specimen subjected to change of twist, kinking, or
truck or rail car load or as determined by agreement between
making any bend with a diameter less than 10 times the
the purchaser and the supplier. Take samples at random from
yarn/cord thickness (or diameter). The board with the sample
each of a number of cones, tubes, bobbins, or spools within a
may be folded lengthwise and parallel with the warp for
lot to be as representative as possible within practical limita-
convenience. Place the board with the fabric sample in a
tions. Make only one observation on an individual package for
polyethylene bag, or wrap it with several layers of polyethyl-
each physical property determination. Take the number of
ene film, to protect the sample from changes in atmospheric
samples, therefore, that will be sufficient to cover the total
moisture content until ready to condition the sample in the
number of specimens required for the determination of all
atmosphere for testing industrial yarns and tire cords. Use care
physical properties of the tire cord. The recommended number
during subsequent handling of the sample to prevent any
of specimens is included in the appropriate sections of specific
change in the cord twist and to avoid kinking the cords.
test methods covered in this standard. Where such is not
specified, the number of specimens is as agreed upon between 6.4 Cord from Cured Tires:
6.4.1 NumberofSamplesandSpecimens—Foreachtest,test
buyer and supplier.
6.2.2 Preparation of Samples—Remove and discard a mini- ten cords from each location or ply of each tire.
6.4.2 Preparation of Samples—Obtain a tire section com-
mum of 25 m [25 yd] from the outside of the package before
taking the sample or any specimens. If specimens are not taken prising approximately one sixth of the whole tire. Smaller
sections may be used, particularly for carcass cord samples of
directly from the original package, preferably wind the sample
radial tires. If it is suspected that cords may be damaged in
on a tube or spool by means of a winder using a tension of 5
pullingthemfromthetire,immersethesectioninasolvent for
6 1 mN/tex [0.05 6 0.01 gf/den]. If the sample is collected as
1 to 3 days to swell and soften the rubber. For convenience,
a loosely wound package, or in the form of a skein, some
turn the section inside out, if possible; clamp one of the beads
shrinkage invariably will occur, in which case, report that the
in a vise. Mark a line along the inside of the section
observed results were determined on a rel
...
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