ASTM E1354-04

Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter

SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard provides for measuring the response of materials exposed to controlled levels of radiant heating with or without an external ignitor.
1.2 This test method is used to determine the ignitability, heat release rates, mass loss rates, effective heat of combustion, and visible smoke development of materials and products.
1.3 The rate of heat release is determined by measurement of the oxygen consumption as determined by the oxygen concentration and the flow rate in the exhaust product stream. The effective heat of combustion is determined from a concomitant measurement of specimen mass loss rate, in combination with the heat release rate. Smoke development is measured by obscuration of light by the combustion product stream.
1.4 Specimens shall be exposed to heating fluxes in the range of 0 to 100 kW/m2. External ignition, when used, shall be by electric spark. The value of the heating flux and the use of external ignition are to be as specified in the relevant material or performance standard (see X1.2). The normal specimen testing orientation is horizontal, independent of whether the end-use application involves a horizontal or a vertical orientation. The apparatus also contains provisions for vertical orientation testing; this is used for exploratory or diagnostic studies only.
1.5 Ignitability is determined as a measurement of time from initial exposure to time of sustained flaming.
1.6 This test method has been developed for use for material and product evaluations, mathematical modeling, design purposes, or development and research. Examples of material specimens include portions of an end-use product or the various components used in the end-use product.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 29-Feb-2004
• ICS: 17.200.10 - Heat. Calorimetry
• Technical Committee: E05 - Fire Standards
• Drafting Committee: E05.21 - Smoke and Combustion Products

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E1354-03 - Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2004
• Replaced By: ASTM E1354-04a - Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Referred By: ASTM E2061-23 - Standard Guide for Fire Hazard Assessment of Rail Transportation Vehicles
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D5537-23a - Standard Test Method for Heat Release, Flame Spread, Smoke Obscuration, and Mass Loss Testing of Insulating Materials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray Configuration
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2004
• Referred By: ASTM E2280-21 - Standard Guide for Fire Hazard Assessment of the Effect of Upholstered Seating Furniture Within Patient Rooms of Health Care Facilities
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D2898-10(2017) - Standard Practice for Accelerated Weathering of Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood for Fire Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D4000-23 - Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D7031-11(2019) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Mechanical and Physical Properties of Wood-Plastic Composite Products
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2004
• Referred By: ASTM F1870-22 - Standard Guide for Selection of Fire Test Methods for the Assessment of Upholstered Furnishings in Detention and Correctional Facilities
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2004
• Referred By: ASTM E1995-21 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Smoke Obscuration Using a Conical Radiant Source in a Single Closed Chamber, With the Test Specimen Oriented Horizontally
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2004
• Referred By: ASTM E2536-21 - Standard Guide for Assessment of Measurement Uncertainty in Fire Tests
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2004
• Referred By: ASTM E3367-23 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Combustion Behavior of Layered Assemblies using a Cone Calorimeter
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2004
• Referred By: ASTM E176-21ae1 - Standard Terminology of Fire Standards
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2004
• Referred By: ASTM C1482-23 - Standard Specification for Polyimide Flexible Cellular Thermal and Sound Absorbing Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2004
• Referred By: ASTM E1546-21 - Standard Guide for Development of Fire-Hazard-Assessment Standards
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2004

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: E 1354 – 04
Standard Test Method for
Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and
1
Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1354; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
1.1 This fire-test-response standard provides for measuring
assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under
the response of materials exposed to controlled levels of
actual fire conditions.
radiant heating with or without an external ignitor.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.2 This test method is used to determine the ignitability,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
heat release rates, mass loss rates, effective heat of combustion,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and visible smoke development of materials and products.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.3 The rate of heat release is determined by measurement
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
of the oxygen consumption as determined by the oxygen
statements, see Section 7.
concentration and the flow rate in the exhaust product stream.
The effective heat of combustion is determined from a con-
2. Referenced Documents
comitant measurement of specimen mass loss rate, in combi-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
nation with the heat release rate. Smoke development is
D 5865 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and
measured by obscuration of light by the combustion product
Coke
stream.
E 176 Terminology of Fire Standards
1.4 Specimens shall be exposed to heating fluxes in the
2
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
range of 0 to 100 kW/m . External ignition, when used, shall
ASTM Test Methods
be by electric spark. The value of the heating flux and the use
E 662 Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke
of external ignition are to be as specified in the relevant
Generated by Solid Materials
material or performance standard (see X1.2). The normal
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
specimen testing orientation is horizontal, independent of
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
whether the end-use application involves a horizontal or a
E 906 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release
vertical orientation. The apparatus also contains provisions for
Rates for Materials and Products
vertical orientation testing; this is used for exploratory or
2.2 ISO Standards:
diagnostic studies only.
ISO 5657-1986(E) Fire Tests—reaction to fire—ignitability
1.5 Ignitability is determined as a measurement of time
3
of building materials
from initial exposure to time of sustained flaming.
ISO 5725 Precision of test methods—determination of re-
1.6 This test method has been developed for use for material
peatability and reproducibility for a standard test method
and product evaluations, mathematical modeling, design pur-
3
by inter-laboratory tests
poses, or development and research. Examples of material
specimens include portions of an end-use product or the
3. Terminology
various components used in the end-use product.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
method, refer to Terminology E 176.
standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke and Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Combustion Products. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved March 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originally Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E 1354 - 03. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E1354–04
3.2.1 effective heat of combustion, n—the measured heat
t = time, s.
release divided b
...