ASTM E1739-95e1
(Guide)Standard Guide for Risk-Based Corrective Action Applied at Petroleum Release Sites
Standard Guide for Risk-Based Corrective Action Applied at Petroleum Release Sites
SCOPE
1.1 This is a guide to risk-based corrective action (RBCA), which is a consistent decision-making process for the assessment and response to a petroleum release, based on the protection of human health and the environment. Sites with petroleum release vary greatly in terms of complexity, physical and chemical characteristics, and in the risk that they may pose to human health and the environment. The RBCA process recognizes this diversity, and uses a tiered approach where corrective action activities are tailored to site-specific conditions and risks. While the RBCA process is not limited to a particular class of compounds, this guide emphasizes the application of RBCA to petroleum product releases through the use of the examples. Ecological risk assessment, as discussed in this guide, is a qualitative evaluation of the actual or potential impacts to environmental (nonhuman) receptors. There may be circumstances under which a more detailed ecological risk assessment is necessary (see Ref (1).
1.2 The decision process described in this guide integrates risk and exposure assessment practices, as suggested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), with site assessment activities and remedial measure selection to ensure that the chosen action is protective of human health and the environment. The following general sequence of events is prescribed in RBCA, once the process is triggered by the suspicion or confirmation of petroleum release:
1.2.1 Performance of a site assessment;
1.2.2 Classification of the site by the urgency of initial response;
1.2.3 Implementation of an initial response action appropriate for the selected site classification;
1.2.4 Comparison of concentrations of chemical(s) of concern at the site with Tier 1 Risk Based Screening Levels (RBSLs) given in a look-up table;
1.2.5 Deciding whether further tier evaluation is warranted, if implementation of interim remedial action is warranted or if RBSLs may be applied as remediation target levels;
1.2.6 Collection of additional site-specific information as necessary, if further tier evaluation is warranted;
1.2.7 Development of site-specific target levels (SSTLs) and point(s) of compliance (Tier 2 evaluation);
1.2.8 Comparison of the concentrations of chemical(s) of concern at the site with the Tier 2 evaluation SSTL at the determined point(s) of compliance or source area(s);
1.2.9 Deciding whether further tier evaluation is warranted, if implementation of interim remedial action is warranted, or if Tier 2 SSTLs may be applied as remediation target levels;
1.2.10 Collection of additional site-specific information as necessary, if further tier evaluation is warranted;
1.2.11 Development of SSTL and point(s) of compliance (Tier 3 evaluation);
1.2.12 Comparison of the concentrations of chemical(s) of concern at the site at the determined point(s) of compliance or source area(s) with the Tier 3 evaluation SSTL; and
1.2.13 Development of a remedial action plan to achieve the SSTL, as applicable.
1.3 The guide is organized as follows:
1.3.1 Section 2 lists referenced documents,
1.3.2 Section 3 defines terminology used in this guide,
1.3.3 Section 4 describes the significance and use of this guide,
1.3.4 Section 5 is a summary of the tiered approach,
1.3.5 Section 6 presents the RBCA procedures in a step-by-step process,
1.3.6 Appendix X1 details physical/chemical and toxicological characteristics of petroleum products,
1.3.7 Appendix X2 discusses the derivation of a Tier 1 RBSL Look-Up Table and provides an example,
1.3.8 Appendix X3 describes the uses of predictive modeling relative to the RBCA process,
1.3.9 Appendix X4 discusses considerations for institutional controls, and
1.3.10 Appendix X5 provides examples of RBCA applications.
1.4 This guide describes an approach for RBCA. It is intended to compliment but not supersede federal, state, and local regulatio...
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e1
Designation: E 1739 – 95
Standard Guide for
Risk-Based Corrective Action Applied at Petroleum Release
1
Sites
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1739; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in December 1996.
1. Scope 1.2.5 Deciding whether further tier evaluation is warranted,
if implementation of interim remedial action is warranted or if
1.1 This is a guide to risk-based corrective action (RBCA),
RBSLs may be applied as remediation target levels;
which is a consistent decision-making process for the assess-
1.2.6 Collection of additional site-specific information as
ment and response to a petroleum release, based on the
necessary, if further tier evaluation is warranted;
protection of human health and the environment. Sites with
1.2.7 Development of site-specific target levels (SSTLs) and
petroleum release vary greatly in terms of complexity, physical
point(s) of compliance (Tier 2 evaluation);
and chemical characteristics, and in the risk that they may pose
1.2.8 Comparison of the concentrations of chemical(s) of
to human health and the environment. The RBCA process
concern at the site with the Tier 2 evaluation SSTL at the
recognizes this diversity, and uses a tiered approach where
determined point(s) of compliance or source area(s);
corrective action activities are tailored to site-specific condi-
1.2.9 Deciding whether further tier evaluation is warranted,
tions and risks. While the RBCA process is not limited to a
if implementation of interim remedial action is warranted, or if
particular class of compounds, this guide emphasizes the
Tier 2 SSTLs may be applied as remediation target levels;
application of RBCA to petroleum product releases through the
1.2.10 Collection of additional site-specific information as
use of the examples. Ecological risk assessment, as discussed
necessary, if further tier evaluation is warranted;
in this guide, is a qualitative evaluation of the actual or
1.2.11 Development of SSTL and point(s) of compliance
potential impacts to environmental (nonhuman) receptors.
(Tier 3 evaluation);
There may be circumstances under which a more detailed
2
1.2.12 Comparison of the concentrations of chemical(s) of
ecological risk assessment is necessary (see Ref (1).
concern at the site at the determined point(s) of compliance or
1.2 The decision process described in this guide integrates
source area(s) with the Tier 3 evaluation SSTL; and
risk and exposure assessment practices, as suggested by the
1.2.13 Development of a remedial action plan to achieve the
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA),
SSTL, as applicable.
with site assessment activities and remedial measure selection
1.3 The guide is organized as follows:
to ensure that the chosen action is protective of human health
1.3.1 Section 2 lists referenced documents,
and the environment. The following general sequence of events
1.3.2 Section 3 defines terminology used in this guide,
is prescribed in RBCA, once the process is triggered by the
1.3.3 Section 4 describes the significance and use of this
suspicion or confirmation of petroleum release:
guide,
1.2.1 Performance of a site assessment;
1.3.4 Section 5 is a summary of the tiered approach,
1.2.2 Classification of the site by the urgency of initial
1.3.5 Section 6 presents the RBCA procedures in a step-by-
response;
step process,
1.2.3 Implementation of an initial response action appropri-
1.3.6 Appendix X1 details physical/chemical and toxico-
ate for the selected site classification;
logical characteristics of petroleum products,
1.2.4 Comparison of concentrations of chemical(s) of con-
1.3.7 Appendix X2 discusses the derivation of a Tier 1
cern at the site with Tier 1 Risk Based Screening Levels
RBSL Look-Up Table and provides an example,
(RBSLs) given in a look-up table;
1.3.8 Appendix X3 describes the uses of predictive model-
ing relative to the RBCA process,
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-50 on Environ-
1.3.9 Appendix X4 discusses considerations for institutional
mental Assessment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E50.01 on
controls, and
Storage Tanks.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1995. Published November 1995. Originally
1.3.10 Appendix X5 provides examples of RBCA applica-
published as ES 38 – 94. Last previous edition ES 38 – 94.
tions.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
1.4 This guide describes an approach for RBCA. It is
this guide.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Ha
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