ASTM D6661-01
(Practice)Standard Practice for Field Collection of Organic Compounds from Surfaces Using Wipe Sampling
Standard Practice for Field Collection of Organic Compounds from Surfaces Using Wipe Sampling
SCOPE
1.1 This practice addresses sampling of organic compounds (i.e., PCBs, dioxins, many pesticides and similar compounds) from smooth nonporous surfaces using a solvent-wetted wipe sampling method. Samples are collected in a manner that permits the solvent extraction of the organic compound(s) of interest from the wipes and subsequent determination using a laboratory analysis technique such as gas chromatography with a suitable detector. This practice is, however, unsuitable for the collection of volatile organic compounds.
1.2 This practice should only be used to collect samples for the determination of organic compound(s) on a loading basis (e.g., mass per unit area). It cannot be used to collect samples for the determination of organic compounds on a concentration basis (e.g., mass per unit mass).
1.3 This wipe sampling practice is not recommended for collecting samples of organic compounds from rough or porous surfaces such as upholstery, carpeting, brick, rough concrete, ceiling tiles, and bare wood. It is also not intended for the collection of dust samples (see Practice E1728) or sampling to estimating human exposure to contaminated surfaces.
1.4 To ensure valid conclusions are reached, a sufficient number of samples must be obtained as directed by a sampling design (the number and location of samples including quality control samples) and a quality assurance/quality control plan. This practice does not address the sampling designs used to achieve the data quality objectives (see Practice D5792).
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D6661–01
Standard Practice for
Field Collection of Organic Compounds from Surfaces
Using Wipe Sampling
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6661; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This practice addresses sampling of organic compounds
(i.e., PCBs, dioxins, many pesticides and similar compounds)
2. Referenced Documents
from smooth nonporous surfaces using a solvent-wetted wipe
2.1 ASTM Standards:
sampling method. Samples are collected in a manner that
D 4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
permits the solvent extraction of the organic compound(s) of
D 5792 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data
interest from the wipes and subsequent determination using a
Related to Waste ManagementActivities: Development of
laboratory analysis technique such as gas chromatography with
Data Quality Objectives
a suitable detector.This practice is, however, unsuitable for the
E 1728 Practice for Field Collection of Settled Dust
collection of volatile organic compounds.
Samples Using Wipe Sampling Methods for Lead Deter-
1.2 This practice should only be used to collect samples for
mination by Atomic Spectrometry Techniques
the determination of organic compound(s) on a loading basis
(e.g., mass per unit area). It cannot be used to collect samples
3. Terminology
for the determination of organic compounds on a concentration
3.1 Definitions:
basis (e.g., mass per unit mass).
3.1.1 wipe, n—sorbent material (e.g., cotton gauze) that is
1.3 This wipe sampling practice is not recommended for
rubbed on a surface to collect a sample for chemical analysis.
collectingsamplesoforganiccompoundsfromroughorporous
surfaces such as upholstery, carpeting, brick, rough concrete,
4. Summary of Practice
ceiling tiles, and bare wood. It is also not intended for the
4.1 A wipe sample is collected from a smooth nonporous
collection of dust samples (see Practice E 1728) or sampling to
surface with a solvent-wetted wipe following a specified
estimating human exposure to contaminated surfaces.
pattern of wiping to ensure complete coverage of an area of
1.4 To ensure valid conclusions are reached, a sufficient
specified dimensions. The wipe is then extracted and analyzed
number of samples must be obtained as directed by a sampling
to detect and quantify (at least semiquantitatively) the presence
design (the number and location of samples including quality
of organic compounds on surfaces.
control samples) and a quality assurance/quality control plan.
This practice does not address the sampling designs used to
5. Significance and Use
achieve the data quality objectives (see Practice D 5792).
5.1 Wipe sampling is typically used by persons involved in
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
hazardous waste site investigations to characterize the areal
standard.
extent and the level of contamination on walls, floors, equip-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ment, etc.Wipe sampling is also used to determine compliance
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
with regulations.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.02 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Sampling Techniques. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 10, 2001. Published May 2001. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6661–01
TABLE 1 Contaminant Recovery Data Using Common Solvents
such as acetone are not the most desirable because interfering
and TLC Pads 3
compounds from some surfaces can also be recovered. The
Compound Solvent Percent Recovery
analytical laboratory should be able to assist in selecting a
Chlordane Acetone 71
proper wiping solvent compatible with the surface to be
Isooctane 54
sampled and with the analytical procedures.
Chlorpyrifos Acetone 72
6.4 Disposable Gloves—Powderless gloves which protect
Isooctane 56
Malathion Dichloromethane 81 the sampler’s hands from the solvent and do not contribute any
Isooctane 80
possibly interfering contaminants should be used. A new pair
Diazinon Isooctane 70
of gloves should be used for each wipe.
Aroclor 1260 Isooctane 80
Acetone 76
6.5 Sampling Template (Optional)—Templates made of
Bendiocarb Acetone 85
stainless steel, aluminum, disposable heavy-duty aluminum
Isopropanol 84
foil or other inert material can be used to expose a 10-cm by
Propoxur Isopropanol 96
Acetone 90
10-cm surface area to be wiped.
6.6 Other—Standard field sampling supplies are discussed
in Guide D 4687 and may include a copy of the sampling plan,
chain-of-custody forms, custody seals, logbook, camera, field
5.2 There are many factors that contribute to variation in
data sheets, sample labels, forceps, noncontaminating marker
sampling results during wipe sampling including, the use of
(e.g., pencil, scribe), decontamination supplies, and solvent
differentpressuresappliedtothewipe,differentkindsofwipes,
dispenser. Additional detailed equipment lists are included in
different wiping patterns, the texture of the surface being
,
4 5
EPA publications.
wiped, and perhaps even the duration of wiping. The signifi-
cance of this practice is that it standardizes wiping procedures
7. Procedure
toreducesamplingvariabilityinthecollectionofsamplesfrom
7.1 Review the sampling plan and sampling procedures,
smooth, nonporous surfaces such as metal, glass, painted or
assemblesamplingequipment,ensurepersonnelareadequately
sealed surfaces, tile, etc., in and around buildings, and from
trained for their tasks, arrange logistics, and ensure supplies
pipes, tanks, decontaminated equipment, etc.
will be available at the site when needed. Since sampling
6. Sampling Equipment and Supplies results can vary between operators sampling identical surfaces,
the same person should collect all wipe samples at a given site
6.1 Sample Containers—Airtight amber glass sample con-
tominimizevariabilityandenhancecomparisonofresultsfrom
tainers with PTFE-lined caps such as 40-mL volatile organic
various locations.
analysis vials are recommended. Larger 125-mL wide mouth
7.2 Locate the sampling points as specified in, or according
bottles may also be used which eliminate the need for forceps
to the guidance of, the sampling plan.
to place or remove wipes from the sample container. To
7.3 Install the sample template or otherwise delineate the
minimize solvent handling in
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