ASTM D6661-01(2006)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Field Collection of Organic Compounds from Surfaces Using Wipe Sampling
Standard Practice for Field Collection of Organic Compounds from Surfaces Using Wipe Sampling
SCOPE
1.1 This practice addresses sampling of organic compounds (i.e., PCBs, dioxins, many pesticides and similar compounds) from smooth nonporous surfaces using a solvent-wetted wipe sampling method. Samples are collected in a manner that permits the solvent extraction of the organic compound(s) of interest from the wipes and subsequent determination using a laboratory analysis technique such as gas chromatography with a suitable detector. This practice is, however, unsuitable for the collection of volatile organic compounds.
1.2 This practice should only be used to collect samples for the determination of organic compound(s) on a loading basis (e.g., mass per unit area). It cannot be used to collect samples for the determination of organic compounds on a concentration basis (e.g., mass per unit mass).
1.3 This wipe sampling practice is not recommended for collecting samples of organic compounds from rough or porous surfaces such as upholstery, carpeting, brick, rough concrete, ceiling tiles, and bare wood. It is also not intended for the collection of dust samples (see Practice E 1728) or sampling to estimating human exposure to contaminated surfaces.
1.4 To ensure valid conclusions are reached, a sufficient number of samples must be obtained as directed by a sampling design (the number and location of samples including quality control samples) and a quality assurance/quality control plan. This practice does not address the sampling designs used to achieve the data quality objectives (see Practice D 5792).
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D6661–01 (Reapproved 2006)
Standard Practice for
Field Collection of Organic Compounds from Surfaces
Using Wipe Sampling
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6661; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This practice addresses sampling of organic compounds 2.1 ASTM Standards:
(i.e., PCBs, dioxins, many pesticides and similar compounds) D4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
from smooth nonporous surfaces using a solvent-wetted wipe D5792 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-
sampling method. Samples are collected in a manner that lated to Waste Management Activities: Development of
permits the solvent extraction of the organic compound(s) of Data Quality Objectives
interest from the wipes and subsequent determination using a E1278 Guide for Radioactive Pathway Methodology for
laboratory analysis technique such as gas chromatography with Release of Sites Following Decommissioning
a suitable detector.This practice is, however, unsuitable for the
3. Terminology
collection of volatile organic compounds.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 This practice should only be used to collect samples for
the determination of organic compound(s) on a loading basis 3.1.1 wipe, n—sorbent material (e.g., cotton gauze) that is
rubbed on a surface to collect a sample for chemical analysis.
(e.g., mass per unit area). It cannot be used to collect samples
for the determination of organic compounds on a concentration
4. Summary of Practice
basis (e.g., mass per unit mass).
4.1 A wipe sample is collected from a smooth nonporous
1.3 This wipe sampling practice is not recommended for
surface with a solvent-wetted wipe following a specified
collectingsamplesoforganiccompoundsfromroughorporous
pattern of wiping to ensure complete coverage of an area of
surfaces such as upholstery, carpeting, brick, rough concrete,
specified dimensions. The wipe is then extracted and analyzed
ceiling tiles, and bare wood. It is also not intended for the
to detect and quantify (at least semiquantitatively) the presence
collection of dust samples (see Practice E1278) or sampling to
of organic compounds on surfaces.
estimating human exposure to contaminated surfaces.
1.4 To ensure valid conclusions are reached, a sufficient
5. Significance and Use
number of samples must be obtained as directed by a sampling
5.1 Wipe sampling is typically used by persons involved in
design (the number and location of samples including quality
hazardous waste site investigations to characterize the areal
control samples) and a quality assurance/quality control plan.
extent and the level of contamination on walls, floors, equip-
This practice does not address the sampling designs used to
ment, etc.Wipe sampling is also used to determine compliance
achieve the data quality objectives (see Practice D5792).
with regulations.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5.2 There are many factors that contribute to variation in
standard.
sampling results during wipe sampling including, the use of
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
differentpressuresappliedtothewipe,differentkindsofwipes,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
different wiping patterns, the texture of the surface being
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
wiped, and perhaps even the duration of wiping. The signifi-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
cance of this practice is that it standardizes wiping procedures
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.02 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Sampling Techniques. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2006. Published May 2006. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D6661-01. DOI: Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
10.1520/D6661-01R06. on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6661–01 (2006)
TABLE 1 Contaminant Recovery Data Using Common Solvents
6.4 Disposable Gloves—Powderless gloves which protect
and TLC Pads
the sampler’s hands from the solvent and do not contribute any
Compound Solvent Percent Recovery
possibly interfering contaminants should be used. A new pair
Chlordane Acetone 71
of gloves should be used for each wipe.
Isooctane 54
6.5 Sampling Template (Optional)—Templates made of
Chlorpyrifos Acetone 72
stainless steel, aluminum, disposable heavy-duty aluminum
Isooctane 56
Malathion Dichloromethane 81 foil or other inert material can be used to expose a 10-cm by
Isooctane 80
10-cm surface area to be wiped.
Diazinon Isooctane 70
6.6 Other—Standard field sampling supplies are discussed
Aroclor 1260 Isooctane 80
Acetone 76
in Guide D4687 and may include a copy of the sampling plan,
Bendiocarb Acetone 85
chain-of-custody forms, custody seals, logbook, camera, field
Isopropanol 84
data sheets, sample labels, forceps, noncontaminating marker
Propoxur Isopropanol 96
Acetone 90
(e.g., pencil, scribe), decontamination supplies, and solvent
dispenser. Additional detailed equipment lists are included in
5, 6
EPA publications.
toreducesamplingvariabilityinthecollectionofsamplesfrom
7. Procedure
smooth, nonporous surfaces such as metal, glass, painted or
7.1 Review the sampling plan and sampling procedures,
sealed surfaces, tile, etc., in and around buildings, and from
assemblesamplingequipment,ensurepersonnelareadequately
pipes, tanks, decontaminated equipment, etc.
trained for their tasks, arrange logistics, and ensure supplies
will be available at the site when needed. Since sampling
6. Sampling Equipment and Supplies
results can vary between operators sampling identical surfaces,
6.1 Sample Containers—Airtight amber glass sample con-
the same person should collect all wipe samples at a given site
tainers with PTFE-lined caps such as 40-mL volatile organic
tominimizevariabilityandenhancecomparisonofresultsfrom
analysis vials are recommended. Larger 125-mL wide mouth
various locations.
bottles may also be used which eliminate the need for forceps
7.2 Locate the sampling points as specified in, or according
to place or remove wipes from the sample container. To
to the guidance of, the sampling plan.
minimize solvent handling in the field, wipes may be wetted
7.3 Install the sample template or otherwise delineate the
with solvent in the laboratory and shipped to the field in the
area to be sampled, normally a 10-cm by 10-cm area. This can
sample container.
be achieved by either taping a
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.