ASTM F2075-01
(Specification)Standard Specification for Engineered Wood Fiber for Use as a Playground Safety Surface Under and Around Playground Equipment
Standard Specification for Engineered Wood Fiber for Use as a Playground Safety Surface Under and Around Playground Equipment
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes minimum characteristics for those factors that determine particle size, consistency, purity, and ability to drain.
1.2 Engineered wood fiber that meets the requirements of this specification must comply with Specification F 1292, if the surface is in the use zone as defined in Specification F 1487.
1.3 A sample of wood fiber that meets the requirements of this specification may be designated engineered wood fiber and be suitable for playground safety surfacing.
1.4 This specification does not imply that an injury cannot be incurred if the engineered wood fiber complies with this specification.
1.5 The following precautionary statement pertains to the test method portions only, in 7.4, 8.4, and 9.4 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 To meet the requirements of this specification, the material shall perform as follows:
1.6.1 The material shall meet particle size requirements.
1.6.2 The material shall meet the requirement for metal particles.
1.6.3 The material shall meet the allowable heavy metal concentrations considered hazardous to children.
1.6.4 The material shall meet the requirements of Specification F 1292.
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are mathematical conversions. SI units, which are provided for information, are not considered the standard except in 8.5.
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Designation: F 2075 – 01
Standard Specification for
Engineered Wood Fiber for Use as a Playground Safety
Surface Under and Around Playground Equipment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2075; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The need for a systematic means of evaluating engineered wood fiber for use as a playground safety
surface from the standpoint of particle size, consistency, purity, and ability to drain, has become a
growing concern of the designers, operators, and manufacturers of engineered wood fiber systems.
There has been no qualitative method to assess these parameters of engineered wood fiber (i.e.,
particle size, consistency, purity, and ability to drain) to insure its quality. Therefore, the goal of this
specification is to establish a uniform means to measure the characteristics of engineered wood fiber
in order to provide the potential buyer with performance specifications to select an engineered wood
fiber suitable to meet the needs of playground designers, operators and manufacturers.
1. Scope concentrations considered hazardous to children.
1.6.4 The material shall meet the requirements of Specifi-
1.1 This specification establishes minimum characteristics
cation F 1292.
for those factors that determine particle size, consistency,
purity, and ability to drain.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 Engineered wood fiber that meets the requirements of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
this specification must comply with Specification F 1292, if the
C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
surface is in the use zone as defined in SpecificationF 1487 .
Aggregates
1.3 A sample of wood fiber that meets the requirements of
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
this specification may be designated engineered wood fiber and
D 2217 Practice for Wet Preparation of Soil Samples for
be suitable for playground safety surfacing.
Particle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Con-
1.4 This specification does not imply that an injury cannot
stants
be incurred if the engineered wood fiber complies with this
E 11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing
specification.
Purposes
1.5 The following precautionary statement pertains to the
F 963 Specification on Toy Safety
test method portions only, in Section 7.4, 8.4, and 9.4 of this
F 1292 Specification for Impact Attenuation of Surface
specification: This standard does not purport to address all of
Systems Under and Around Playground Equipment
the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
F 1487 Specification for Playground Equipment for Public
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2.2 Other Standards and Methods:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Method 6010B Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emis-
1.6 To meet the requirements of the Standard for Engi-
sion Spectrometry (for the determination of heavy metal
neered Wood Fiber Used Under and Around Playground
concentrations) as found in the Solid Waste Manual—
Equipment, the material shall perform as follows:
SW846
1.6.1 The material shall meet particle size requirements.
Method 7471A Mercury in Solid or Semisolid Waste
1.6.2 The material shall meet the requirement for metal
particles.
1.6.3 The material shall meet the allowable heavy metal
Annual Book of ASTM Standards Vol 04.02
Annual Book of ASTM Standards Vol 11.01
Annual Book of ASTM Standards Vol 04.08
1 5
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Annual Book of ASTM Standards Vol 14.02
Equipment and Facilitiesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.63 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards Vol 15.07
Playground Surfacing Systems. Available from, The American Public Health Association, 1015 Fifteenth St.,
Current edition approved May 10, 2001. Published September 2001. NW, Washington, D.C. 20005.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 2075
(manual cold-vapor technique) as found in the Solid Waste criteria to be considered acceptable engineered wood fiber.
Manual—SW 8464
4.4.2 The minimum and maximum percent (%) by weight
Handbook for Public Playground Safety U. S. Consumer
passing through the three sieves shall be as follows in Table 1:
Product Safety Commission Publication No. 325.
TABLE 1
3. Terminology
Sieve Size Minimum % Maximum %
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
⁄4 inch 99 % 100 %
3.1.1 around playground equipment—the area under and 3
⁄8 inch 85% 100%
No. 16 0 % 15 %
surrounding playground equipment established as protection
from falls from equipment.
TABLE 2 Maximum Soluble Migrated Element in p.m. (mg/kg)
3.1.2 engineered wood fiber—processed wood that is
Engineered Wood Fiber
ground to a fibrous consistency, randomly sized, approximately
(information in this table taken from Specification F 963)
ten times longer than wide with a maximum length of 2 inches,
Antimony Arsenic Barium Cadmium Chromium Lead Mercury Selenium
free of hazardous substances, and meets the criteria of this
(Sb) (As) (Ba) (Cd) (Cr) (Pb) (Hg) (Se)
standard.
60 25 1000 75 60 90 60 500
3.1.3 hand manipulation—aligning the engineered wood
4.5 Performance Requirements for Hazardous Metals
fiber particles by hand so that the smallest dimensions confront
4.5.1 The maximum heavy metal concentration of soluble
the face of the sieve screen and placing them through the
migrated elements after being corrected for statistical error is
screen without the use of force.
shown in Table 2:
3.1.4 hazard—Any characteristic of a playground surface
4.5.2 The criteria in Table 2 must be met to be considered
that presents an unreasonable risk of injury or illness during
acceptable engineered wood fiber:
normal use, or as a result of reasonable foreseeable use.
3.1.5 loose fill system—a surface system consisting of small
4.6 Performance Requirement for Tramp Metal
independent, movable components; that is, engineered wood
4.6.1 When engineered wood fiber is tested in accordance
fiber, sand, gravel, wood chips, etc.
with 9.4 and 9.5 9.5, the total number of metal particles with a
3.1.6 normal use—play modes that conform to the instruc- 1
dimension of ⁄2 in. (1.27 cm) or greater shall not exceed 0 per
tion accompanying the playground surface that have been
50 cubic yard (38.23 cubic meters) pile sampled to be
established by tradition, custom, or that are evident from an
considered acceptable engineered wood fiber.
examination of the playground.
Definitions of Terms Specific to Playground Equipment:
5. Summary of Methods
3.1.7 head injury criteria (HIC)—a measure of impact
5.1 Samples of representative engineered wood fiber are
severity that considers the duration over which the most critical
tested in accordance with: Test Method C 136 and Specifica-
section of the deceleration pulse persists as well as the peak
tion F 963, Sections 4.3.5, 8.3, modified for this standard.
level of that deceleration.
5.1.1 Test Method C 136 provides a test method for deter-
3.1.8 impact attenuation—the ability of a surface system to
mination of particle size distribution by passing a sample of dry
reduce and dissipate the energy of an impacting body.
engineered wood fiber of known mass through a series of
4. General Requirements
sieves of progressively smaller openings.
5.1.2 Specification F 963, Sections 4.3 and 8.3 hazardous
4.1 Playground surfaces represented as complying with this
soluble elements are extracted from engineered wood fiber
specification shall meet all applicable requirements specified
under conditions that simulate the situation in which the
herein. Anyone representing compliance with this specification
engineered wood fiber stays4hinthe alimentary tract after
shall keep such records as are necessary to document any claim
swallowing. The content of the soluble elements in the extract
that the requirements within this specification have been met.
is determined for Antimony (Sb), Arsenic (As), Barium (Ba),
4.2 For the surface within the fall zone of the surrounding
Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), and
playground equipment, the surface must meet U.S. Consumer
Selenium (Se).
Product Safety Commission guidelines minimum requirements
at its critical height when tested in accordance with Specifica- 5.1.2.1 Method 7471A Mercury in Solid or Semisolid Waste
tion F 1292. (manual cold vapor technique) as found in the Solid Waste
4.3 Certification compliance to this standard shall be con- Manual SW846 is used to determine the levels of mercury in
ducted by an independent accredited testing laboratory.
the engineered wood fiber.
4.4 Performance Requirements for Sieve Analysis
5.1.2.2 Method 6010B Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic
4.4.1 When engineered wood fiber is tested in accordance
Emission Spectrometry (for the determination of heavy metal
with section 7.4 of this standard, it shall meet the following
concentrations) as found in the Solid Waste Manual SW846
will determine the levels of hazardous heavy metals.
5.1.3 Two methods are used to determine the presence of
SW 846 is found in the manual of “Standard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Waste Water,” 18th Edition 1992, prepared and published by The
tramp metal in engineered wood fiber playground surfacing;
American Public Health Association, 1015 Fifteenth St., NW, Washington, D.C.
one is using a powerful rare earth magnet on the end of a probe
20005.
9 specifically written for this Standard; the other is a visual
Available from, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission 4330 East-West
Highway Bethesda, Maryland 20814-4408 inspection.
F 2075
6. Sampling sieve. (Because of the light weight of wood fiber, the oven
dried sample weight of individual samples to be tested should
6.1 The following procedure will be used to collect the
not generally exceed 0.40 lbs (181 g).) Sieve screens, sieve
gross engineered wood fiber sample. The sieve test sample and
frames, and wire cloth should conform to the requirements of
the hazardous substance (heavy metal) sample will be taken
Specification E 11. Samples should be oven dried to a constant
from the gross engineered wood fiber sample. The entire gross
weight in general accordance with Practice D 2217 for oven
engineered wood fiber sample will be tested for tramp metal.
drying of samples following reduction of the mass [Oven
6.1.1 The gross sample of engineered wood fiber shall
temperature of 140° F and accuracy to 6 9° (60 6 5° C)].
represent a stockpile of 50 cubic yd or greater.
7.4 Test Preparation for Sieve Analysis
6.1.2 Eight one gal (3.79 L) samples shall be taken. They
7.4.1 Because of the irregular shapes of the wood particles,
shall be taken from four different quadrants of the stockpile 2-
hand manipulation of the sample through the sieve screens may
4 ft above the base and four different quadrants 4- 6 ft above
be necessary.
the base. Dig 1-2 ft into pile at each sample point. Combine and
3 3
7.4.2 Nest the three sieves ( ⁄4 in. (19.05 mm), ⁄8in. (9.53
thoroughly mix the 8 gal (15.14 L) sample to achieve a
mm), and No. 16, 0.0469 in. (1.19mm)) in order of decreasing
homogeneous blend.
size of opening from top to bottom and place the sample on the
6.1.3 The thoroughly mixed 8 gal (15.14 L) sample will be
top sieve.
known as the gross 8 gal (15.14 L) sample.
7.4.3 Agitate the sieves by hand or by mechanical apparatus
7. Sieve Test Analysis Method
for a sufficient period, established by trial or checked by
measurement on the actual test sample, to meet the criterion for
7.1 Significance and Use
adequacy of sieving described in 7.4.5.3.
7.1.1 Sieve Analysis—This test method is used to determine
7.4.4 Limit the quantity of material on a given sieve so that
grading of engineered wood fiber-type material for proposed
all particles have the opportunity to reach sieve openings a
use as a playground safety surface. The results are used to
number of times during the sieving operation.
determine compliance of the particle size distribution with
7.4.5 Prevent an overload of material on an individual sieve
applicable specification requirements and to provide necessary
by one of the following methods:
data that will indicate sufficient porosity for drainage, and
larger particle size to limit compaction and maintain resilience 7.4.5.1 Insert an additional sieve with opening size interme-
diate between the sieve that may be overloaded and the sieve
and limit over-size pieces which could cause injury.
immediately above that sieve in the original set of sieves.
7.2 Test Apparatus
7.4.5.2 Split the sample into two or more portions, sieving
7.2.1 Balances—Balances or scales used in testing fine and
coarse aggregate shall be readable and accurate to 0.5 g or each portion individually. Combine the masses of the general
0.1 % of the test load, whichever is greater, at any point within portions retained on a specific sieve before calculating the
the range of use. percentage of the sample on the sieve.
7.2.2 Sieves—The sieve cloth shall be mounted on substan- 7.4.5.3 Continue sieving for a sufficient period and in such
tial frames constructed in a manner that will prevent loss of
manner that, after completion, not more than 1 mass % of the
material during sieving. The sieve cloth and standard sieve residue on any individual sieve will pass that sieve during 1
frames shall conform to the requirements of Specification E 11.
min of continuous hand sieving performed as follows: Hold the
Nonstandard sieve frames shall conform to the requirements of individual sieve, provided with a snug-fitting pan and cover, in
Specification E 11 as applicable. a slightly inclined position in one hand. Strike the side of the
3 3
7.2.2.1 Sieve sizes required: ⁄4 in. (19.05 mm), ⁄8in. (9.53 sieve sharply and with an upward motion against the heel of the
mm) and No. 16, 0.0469 in. (1.19 mm) mounted on standard other hand at the rate of about 150 times per min, turn the sieve
frame 8 in. (203.20 mm) diameter 2 in. (50.8 mm) height. about one sixth of a revolution at intervals of about 25 strokes.
In determining sufficiency of sieving for sizes larger than the
7.2.3 Sieve Shaker—A mechanical sieving device, if used,
shall create motion of the sieves to cause the particles to 0.19 in. (4.75-mm) (No. 4) sieve, limit the material on the sieve
to a single layer of particles. If the size of the mounted testing
bounce, tumble, or otherwise turn so as to present diffe
...
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