ASTM E2287-08

Standard Guide for Examination of Fracture Patterns and Paper Fiber Impressions on Single-Strike Film Ribbons and Typed Text

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The procedures outlined here are grounded in the generally accepted body of knowledge and experience in the field of forensic document examination. By following these procedures, a forensic document examiner can reliably reach an opinion concerning whether a particular single-strike ribbon or lift-off correction tape was used in the preparation of a specific typed text.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (Guide E 444) for examinations and comparisons involving single-strike film ribbons with typed text and related procedures.
1.2 These procedures are applicable whether the examination and comparison is of questioned and known items or of exclusively questioned items.
1.3 These procedures include evaluation of the sufficiency of the material submitted for examination.
1.4 These procedures are also generally applicable to examinations of lift-off and cover-up correction tapes and sheets.
1.5 These procedures may also be applicable (in whole or in part) to examinations of carbon paper and carbon copies or of documents produced with certain non-impact printing devices (for example, printing devices using a thermal imaging transfer ribbon).
1.6 The particular methods employed in a given case will depend upon the nature of the material available for examination.
1.7 This guide may not cover all aspects of unusual or uncommon examinations.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Sep-2008
• ICS: 07.140 - Forensic science
• Technical Committee: E30 - Forensic Sciences

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E2287-03 - Standard Guide for Examination of Fracture Patterns and Paper Fiber Impressions on Single-Strike Film Ribbons and Typed Text
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2008
• Replaced By: ASTM E2287-09 - Standard Guide for Examination of Fracture Patterns and Paper Fiber Impressions on Single-Strike Film Ribbons and Typed Text (Withdrawn 2018)
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E2287–08
Standard Guide for
Examination of Fracture Patterns and Paper Fiber
1
Impressions on Single-Strike Film Ribbons and Typed Text
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2287; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E 1732 Terminology Relating to Forensic Science
E 2195 Terminology Relating to the Examination of Ques-
1.1 This guide provides procedures that should be used by
tioned Documents
forensic document examiners (Guide E 444) for examinations
F 221 Terminology Relating to Carbon Paper and Inked
and comparisons involving single-strike film ribbons with
Ribbon Products and Images Made Therefrom
typed text and related procedures.
F 909 Terminology Relating to Printers
1.2 These procedures are applicable whether the examina-
F 1623 Terminology Relating to Thermal Imaging Products
tion and comparison is of questioned and known items or of
exclusively questioned items.
3. Terminology
1.3 These procedures include evaluation of the sufficiency
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms in this guide, refer
of the material submitted for examination.
to Terminology E 1732 and Terminology E 2195.
1.4 These procedures are also generally applicable to ex-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
aminations of lift-off and cover-up correction tapes and sheets.
3.2.1 cover-up correction, n—see overprint correction.
1.5 These procedures may also be applicable (in whole or in
3.2.2 fracture pattern, n—the spatial arrangement of each
part) to examinations of carbon paper and carbon copies or of
complementary edge formation created when a single object is
documents produced with certain non-impact printing devices
separated into two or more fragments.
(for example, printing devices using a thermal imaging transfer
3.2.3 impact printer, n—a printer in which printing is the
ribbon).
result of mechanical impacts. F 909
1.6 The particular methods employed in a given case will
3.2.4 impression, n—an image formed by pressure.
depend upon the nature of the material available for examina-
3.2.5 lift-off correction, n—the removal of a typed character
tion.
by restriking with the same character while interposing an
1.7 This guide may not cover all aspects of unusual or
adhesive coated tape or sheet, thereby causing the imprinted
uncommon examinations.
character to adhere to the coating and be stripped from the
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
record-medium.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.6 multi-strike film ribbon, n—a ribbon wherein the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
substrate film such as polyester is coated or impregnated with
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
an ink which allows several different imprints to be made from
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
multiple overstrikes on the same location on the ribbon, and
2. Referenced Documents still result in full characters being printed. F 221
2 3.2.7 original typed text, n—typed text imprinted onto the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
surface of a record-medium as the result of the impact of a
E 444 Guide for Scope of Work of Forensic Document
type-face striking directly or through a ribbon.
Examiners
3.2.8 overprint correction, n—the removal of a typed char-
acter from the text by restriking with the same character while
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic
interposing a tape or sheet coated with an opaque coating
Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.02 on Questioned
material, thereby causing the imprinted character to be covered
Documents.
by the coating.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E 2287–03.
3.2.9 paper fiber impression, n—the imprint of a paper fiber
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
in the ribbon substrate.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.2.10 record medium, n—a piece of material, usually
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
paper, on which an image is recorded.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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E2287–08
3.2.11 single-strike film ribbon, n—an inked ribbon wherein 7.2 Examinations performed, relevant observations, and
the substrate is a plastic film mat
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E2287–03 Designation: E 2287 – 08
Standard Guide for
Examination of Fracture Patterns and Paper Fiber
1
Impressions on Single-Strike Film Ribbons and Typed Text
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2287; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (Guide E 444) for examinations and
comparisons involving single-strike film ribbons with typed text and related procedures.
1.2 These procedures are applicable whether the examination and comparison is of questioned and known items or of
exclusively questioned items.
1.3 These procedures include evaluation of the sufficiency of the material submitted for examination.
1.4 These procedures are also generally applicable to examinations of lift-off and cover-up correction tapes and sheets.
1.5 These procedures may also be applicable (in whole or in part) to examinations of carbon paper and carbon copies or of
documents produced with certain non-impact printing devices (for example, printing devices using a thermal imaging transfer
ribbon).
1.6 The particular methods employed in a given case will depend upon the nature of the material available for examination.
1.7 This guide may not cover all aspects of unusual or uncommon examinations.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
requirements prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E 444Descriptions of Scope of Work Relating to Forensic Document Examiners Guide for Scope of Work of Forensic
Document Examiners
E 1732 Terminology Relating to Forensic Science
E 2195 Terminology Relating to the Examination of Questioned Documents
F 221 Terminology Relating to Carbon Paper and Inked Ribbon Products and Images Made Therefrom
F 909 Terminology Relating to Printers
F 1623 Terminology Relating to Thermal Imaging Products
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms in this guide, refer to Terminology E 1732 and Terminology E 2195.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 cover-up correction, n—see overprint correction.
3.2.2 fracture pattern, n—the spatial arrangement of each complementary edge formation created when a single object is
separated into two or more fragments.
3.2.3 impact printer, n—a printer in which printing is the result of mechanical impacts. F 909
3.2.4 impression, n—an image formed by pressure.
3.2.5 lift-off correction, n—the removal of a typed character by restriking with the same character while interposing an adhesive
coated tape or sheet, thereby causing the imprinted character to adhere to the coating and be stripped from the record-medium.
3.2.6 multi-strike film ribbon, n—a ribbon wherein the substrate film such as polyester is coated or impregnated with an ink
which allows several different imprints to be made from multiple overstrikes on the same location on the ribbon, and still result
in full characters being printed. F 221
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.02 on Questioned Documents.
Current edition approved March 10, 2003. Published April 2003.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E 2287–03.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 14.02.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2287–08
3.2.7 original typed text, n—typed text imprinted onto the surface of a record-medium as the result of the impact of a type-face
striking directly or through a ribbon.
3.2.8 overprint correction, n—the removal of a typed character from the text by restriking with the same character while
interposing a tape or sheet coa
...