ASTM E2287-09
(Guide)Standard Guide for Examination of Fracture Patterns and Paper Fiber Impressions on Single-Strike Film Ribbons and Typed Text (Withdrawn 2018)
Standard Guide for Examination of Fracture Patterns and Paper Fiber Impressions on Single-Strike Film Ribbons and Typed Text (Withdrawn 2018)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The procedures outlined here are grounded in the generally accepted body of knowledge and experience in the field of forensic document examination. By following these procedures, a forensic document examiner can reliably reach an opinion concerning whether a particular single-strike ribbon or lift-off correction tape was used in the preparation of a specific typed text.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (Guide E 444) for examinations and comparisons involving single-strike film ribbons with typed text and related procedures.
1.2 These procedures are applicable whether the examination and comparison is of questioned and known items or of exclusively questioned items.
1.3 These procedures include evaluation of the sufficiency of the material submitted for examination.
1.4 These procedures are also generally applicable to examinations of lift-off and cover-up correction tapes and sheets.
1.5 These procedures may also be applicable (in whole or in part) to examinations of carbon paper and carbon copies or of documents produced with certain non-impact printing devices (for example, printing devices using a thermal imaging transfer ribbon).
1.6 The particular methods employed in a given case will depend upon the nature of the material available for examination.
1.7 This guide may not cover all aspects of unusual or uncommon examinations.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (Guide E4441) for examinations and comparisons involving single-strike film ribbons with typed text and related procedures.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences, this guide was withdrawn in January 2018 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2287 − 09
Standard Guide for
Examination of Fracture Patterns and Paper Fiber
1
Impressions on Single-Strike Film Ribbons and Typed Text
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2287; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E1732 Terminology Relating to Forensic Science
E2195 Terminology Relating to the Examination of Ques-
1.1 This guide provides procedures that should be used by
tioned Documents
forensic document examiners (Guide E444) for examinations
F221 Terminology Relating to Carbon Paper and Inked
and comparisons involving single-strike film ribbons with
Ribbon Products and Images Made Therefrom
typed text and related procedures.
F909 Terminology Relating to Printers
1.2 These procedures are applicable whether the examina-
F1623 Terminology Relating to Thermal Imaging Products
tion and comparison is of questioned and known items or of
exclusively questioned items.
3. Terminology
1.3 These procedures include evaluation of the sufficiency
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms in this guide, refer
of the material submitted for examination.
to Terminology E1732 and Terminology E2195.
1.4 These procedures are also generally applicable to ex-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
aminations of lift-off and cover-up correction tapes and sheets.
3.2.1 cover-up correction, n—see overprint correction.
1.5 These procedures may also be applicable (in whole or in
3.2.2 fracture pattern, n—the spatial arrangement of each
part) to examinations of carbon paper and carbon copies or of
complementary edge formation created when a single object is
documents produced with certain non-impact printing devices
separated into two or more fragments.
(for example, printing devices using a thermal imaging transfer
3.2.3 impact printer, n—a printer in which printing is the
ribbon).
result of mechanical impacts. F909
1.6 The particular methods employed in a given case will
3.2.4 impression, n—an image formed by pressure.
depend upon the nature of the material available for examina-
tion.
3.2.5 lift-off correction, n—the removal of a typed character
1.7 This guide may not cover all aspects of unusual or by restriking with the same character while interposing an
uncommon examinations. adhesive coated tape or sheet, thereby causing the imprinted
character to adhere to the coating and be stripped from the
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
record-medium.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.6 multi-strike film ribbon, n—a ribbon wherein the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
substrate film such as polyester is coated or impregnated with
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
an ink which allows several different imprints to be made from
multiple overstrikes on the same location on the ribbon, and
2. Referenced Documents
still result in full characters being printed. F221
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.7 original typed text, n—typed text imprinted onto the
E444 Guide for Scope of Work of Forensic Document
surface of a record-medium as the result of the impact of a
Examiners
type-face striking directly or through a ribbon.
1
3.2.8 overprint correction, n—the removal of a typed char-
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic
Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.90 on Executive.
acter from the text by restriking with the same character while
Current edition approved March 1, 2009. Published March 2009. Originally
interposing a tape or sheet coated with an opaque coating
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E2287 – 08. DOI:
material, thereby causing the imprinted character to be covered
10.1520/E2287-09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or by the coating.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.2.9 paper fiber impression, n—the imprint of a paper fiber
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. in the ribbon substrate.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E2287 − 09
3.2.10 record medium, n—apieceofmaterial,usuallypaper, 7.3 At various points in these procedures, a determination
on which an image is recorded. that a particular feature is not present or that an item is lacking
in quality or comparabil
...
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