ASTM C1567-04

Standard Test Method for Determining the Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Combinations of Cementitious Materials and Aggregate (Accelerated Mortar-Bar Method)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method permits detection within 16 days of the potential for deleterious alkali-silica reaction of combinations of cementitious materials and aggregate in mortar bars. The cementitious materials are composed of various proportions of hydraulic cement, pozzolans and ground granulated blast-furnace slag.
1.2 The test results are only valid for the specific combinations of pozzolan, slag, and reactive aggregates tested.
1.3 This test is not suitable for evaluating the potential for deleterious reaction of combinations of hydraulic cement and aggregate (that is, in the absence of pozzolans or ground granulated blast-furnace slag).
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in the section on Reagents.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2004
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM C1567-07 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Combinations of Cementitious Materials and Aggregate (Accelerated Mortar-Bar Method)
• Effective Date: 15-Jul-2007
• Referred By: ASTM C1866/C1866M-22 - Standard Specification for Ground-Glass Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM C1778-22 - Standard Guide for Reducing the Risk of Deleterious Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM C1709-22 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Alternative Supplementary Cementitious Materials (ASCM) for Use in Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM C1567-23 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Combinations of Cementitious Materials and Aggregate (Accelerated Mortar-Bar Method)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C1567–04
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of
Combinations of Cementitious Materials and Aggregate
(Accelerated Mortar-Bar Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1567; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C 305 PracticeforMechanicalMixingofHydraulicCement
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
1.1 This test method permits detection within 16 days of the
C 490 Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Determination
potential for deleterious alkali-silica reaction of combinations
of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and
of cementitious materials and aggregate in mortar bars. The
Concrete
cementitious materials are composed of various proportions of
C 494/C 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
hydraulic cement, pozzolans and ground granulated blast-
Concrete
furnace slag.
C 511 Specification for Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and
1.2 The test results are only valid for the specific combina-
Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic
tions of pozzolan, slag, and reactive aggregates tested.
Cements and Concretes
1.3 This test is not suitable for evaluating the potential for
C 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
deleterious reaction of combinations of hydraulic cement and
Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in
aggregate (that is, in the absence of pozzolans or ground
Concrete
granulated blast-furnace slag).
C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
standard.
C 989 Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Slag for Use in Concrete and Mortars
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
C 1240 Specification for Silica Fume for Use as a Mineral
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Admixture in Hydraulic-Cement Concrete, Mortar or
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Grout
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precau-
C 1260 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of
tionary statement is given in the section on Reagents.
Aggregates (Mortar-Bar Method)
2. Referenced Documents C 1293 Test Method for Concrete Aggregates by Determi-
nation of Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-Silica
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Reaction
C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
C 1437 Test Method for Determining Flow of Hydraulic
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
Cement Mortar
Specimens)
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concreting
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth and Sieves for Testing
Aggregates
Purposes
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
C 151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Portland
3. Definitions
Cement
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to
Terminology C 125.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
4. Significance and Use
C09.26 on Chemical Reactions.
4.1 This test method provides a means for evaluating the
Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published August 2004.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ability of pozzolans and ground granulated blast-furnace slag
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
to control deleterious internal expansion due to alkali-silica
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
reaction when used with an aggregate intended for use in
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C1567–04
concrete. It is based on theAcceleratedTest Method developed 6.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
at the National Building Research Institute (NBRI) in the to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming
Republic of South Africa (1-4). to Type IV of Specification D 1193.
4.2 Results obtained using this test method may overesti- 6.3 Sodium Hydroxide Solution—Each litre of solution shall
mate the reactivity of some types of aggregates if used in contain 40.0 g of NaOH dissolved in 900 mL of water, and
service with the same pozzolans or slag and hydraulic cement shall be diluted with additional distilled or deionized water to
of low alkali content. obtain 1.0 L of solution. The volume proportion of sodium
4.3 Different levels of pozzolan and ground granulated hydroxide solution to mortar bars in a storage container shall
blast-furnace slag may require testing to determine the amount be4 60.5volumesofsolutionto1volumeofmortarbars.The
required to reduce expansion to an acceptable level. Pozzolans volume of a mortar bar may be taken as 184 mL. Include
and ground granulated blast-furnace slag may be tested sepa- sufficient test solution to ensure complete immersion of the
rately or in combination. mortar bars.
4.4 It is recommended to test the same aggregate and 6.3.1 Warning—Before using NaOH, review: (1) the safety
hydraulic cement (without pozzolans and slag) using Test precautions for using NaOH; (2) first aid for burns; and (3) the
Method C 1260. emergency response to spills, as described in the manufactur-
4.5 This test method may underestimate the expansion of er’s Material Safety Data Sheet or other reliable safety litera-
cementitious systems containing pozzolans with an alkali ture. NaOH can cause very severe burns and injury to unpro-
content > 4.0 % sodium oxide equivalent (7-9). It is recom- tected skin and eyes. Suitable personal protective equipment
mended that such materials be tested using Test Method must always be used. These include full-face shields, rubber
C 1293. aprons, and gloves impervious to NaOH. Gloves must be
checked periodically for pinholes.
5. Apparatus
5.1 The apparatus shall conform to Practice C 490, except
7. Conditioning
as follows:
7.1 Maintain the temperature of the molding room and dry
5.2 Sieves—Square hole, woven-wire cloth sieves, shall
materials at not less than 20°C and not more than 27.5°C. The
conform to Specification E 11.
temperature of the mixing water, and of the moist closet or
5.3 Mixer, Paddle, and Mixing Bowl—Mixer, paddle, and
moist room, shall not vary from 23°C by more than 2°C.
mixing bowl shall conform to the requirements of Practice
7.2 Maintain the relative humidity of the molding room at
C 305, except that the clearance between the lower end of the
not less than 50 %. The moist closet or room shall conform to
paddle and the bottom of the bowl shall be 5.1 6 0.3 mm.
Specification C 511.
5.4 Tamper and Trowel—The tamper and trowel shall con-
7.3 Maintain the storage oven or water bath in which the
form to Test Method C 109/C 109M.
specimens are stored at a temperature of 80.0 6 2.0°C.
5.5 Containers—The containers shall be of such a nature
that the bars can be totally immersed in either the water or 1N
8. Sampling and Preparation of Test Specimens
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. The containers shall be
8.1 Selection of Aggregate—Process materials proposed for
made of material that can withstand prolonged exposure to
use as fine aggregate in concrete as described in 8.2 with a
80°C and must be resistant to a 1N NaOH solution (see Note
minimum of crushing. Process materials proposed for use as
1). The containers must be so constructed that when used for
coarse aggregate in concrete by crushing to produce as nearly
storing specimens, the loss or gain of moisture is prevented by
as practical a graded product from which a sample can be
tight-fitting covers, by sealing, or both (see Note 2). The bars
obtained. Grade the sample as prescribed in Table 1. The
in the solution must be placed and supported so that the
sample shall represent the composition of the coarse aggregate
solution has access to the entire surface of each bar; therefore,
as proposed for use.
ensure that the specimens do not touch the sides of the
8.1.1 When a given quarried material is proposed for use
container or each other. The specimens, if stood upright in the
both as coarse and as fine aggregate, test only a selection of the
solution, shall not be supported by the metal gage stud.
fine aggregate, unless there is reason to expect that the coarse
NOTE 1—The NaOH solution corrodes glass or metal containers.
aggregate has a different composition than the fine aggregate.
NOTE 2—Some microwave-proof food storage containers made of
If such a difference is expected and if the differences might
polypropylene or high-density polythylene have been found to be accept-
significantly affect expansion due to reaction with the alkalies
able.
5.6 Oven, or Water Bath—Aconvection oven or water bath
with temperature control maintaining 80.0 6 2.0°C.
TABLE 1 Grading Requirements
6. Reagents
Sieve Size Mass, %
6.1 Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)—USP or technical grade
Passing Retained on
+ -
may be used, provided the Na and OH concentrations are
4.75 mm (No. 4) 2.36 mm (No. 8) 10
shown by chemical analysis to lie between 0.99N and 1.01N.
2.36 mm (No. 8) 1.18 mm (No. 16) 25
1.18 mm (No. 16) 600 µm (No. 30) 25
600 µm (No. 30) 300 µm (No. 50) 25
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of 300 µm (No. 50) 150 µm (No. 100) 15
the text.
C1567–04
in cement or from the environment of service, test the coarse quantities of dry materials to be mixed at one time in the batch
aggregate in a manner similar to that employed in testing the of mortar for making three specimens shall be 440 g of
fine aggregate. cementitious material and 990 g of aggregate made up by
8.2 Preparation of Aggregate—Grade aggregates to provide recombiningtheportionsretainedonthevarioussieves(seethe
a sample meeting the requirements given in Table 1. Crush section on Preparation ofAggregate) in the grading prescribed
aggregates in which sufficient quantities of the sizes specified in Table 1. Use a water-cementitious material ratio equal to
in Table 1 do not exist until the required material has been 0.47 by mass (see Note 5).
produced. In the case of aggregates containing insufficient
NOTE 5—Ruggedness tests indicated that mortar bar expansions were
amountsofoneormoreofthelargersizeslistedinTable1,and
less variable at a fixed water-cement ratio than when gauged to a constant
if no larger material is available for crushing, the first size in
flow (3).
which sufficient material is available shall contain the cumu-
If silica fume or metakaolin are used, a high range water
lative percentage of material down to that size as determined
reducer (HRWR), meeting the requirements of Specification
from the grading specified in Table 1. When such procedures
C 494/C 494M Type F, shall be used (if necessary) to provide
are required, make a special note thereof in the test report.
adequate dispersion and workability of the mixture. The
After the aggregate has been separated into the various sieve
water-cementitious material ratio shall remain 0.47 by mass
sizes, wash each size with a water spray over the sieve to
and the amount of HRWR shall be that to obtain a flow of 6
remove adhering dust and fine particles from the aggregate.
7.5percentagepointsofacontrolmortarwithoutsilicafumeor
Drytheportionsretainedonthevarioussievesand,unlessused
metakaolin as determined in accordance with Test Method
immediately, store each such portion individually in a clean
C 1437 using 25 drops of the flow table. If liquid HRWR is
container provided with a tight-fitting cover.
used, the water present in the liquid must be included in the
8.3 Selection and Preparation of Cement:
calculation of the water-cementitious material ratio.
8.3.1 Hydraulic Cement—Use a hydraulic cement meeting
8.5.4 Mixing of Mortar—Mixthemortarinaccordancewith
the requirements of Specification C 150 (Note 3). In addition,
the requirements of Practice C 305.
the autoclave expansion in Test Method C 151 shall be less
8.5.5 Molding of Test Specimens—Mold test specimens
than 0.20 %.
within a total elapsed time of not more than 2 min and 15 s
NOTE 3—The alkali content of the cement has been found to have
aftercompletionoftheoriginalmixingofthemortarbatch.Fill
negligible (3) or minor (6) effects on expansion in this test.
the molds with two approximately equal layers, each layer
being compacted with the tamper. Work the mortar into the
8.3.2 Preparation of Cement—Pass cement for use in this
corners, around the gage studs, and along the surfaces of the
test through an 850-µm (No. 20) sieve to remove lumps before
mold with the tamper until a homogeneous specimen is
use.
obtained. After the top layer has been compacted, cut off the
8.4 Selection of pozzolan or ground granulated blast-
mortar flush with the top of the mold and smooth the surface
furnace slag—Use one, or a combination, of the following:
with a few strokes of the trowel.
8.4.1 Fly ash or natural pozzolan meeting the requirements
of Specification C 618.
8.4.2 Silica fume meeting the requirements of Specification 9. Procedure
C 1240.
9.1 Initial Storage and Reading—Place each mold in the
8.4.3 Ground granulated blast furnace slag meeting the
moist cabinet or room immediately after molds have been
requirements of Specification C 989.
filled. The specimens shall remain in the molds for 24 62h.
8.5 Preparation of Test Specimens:
Remove the specimens from the molds and, while they are
8.5.1 Number of Specimens—Make at least three test speci-
being protected from loss of moisture, properly identify and
mens for each cementitious materials-aggregate combination.
makeaninitialcomparatorreading.Makeandrecordtheinitial
8.5.2 Preparation of Molds—Preparethespecimenmoldsin
and all subsequent readings to the nearest 0.002 mm. Place the
accordance with the requirements of Practice C 490 except, the
specimens made with each aggregate sample in a storage
interior surfaces of the molds shall be covered with a release
container with sufficient tap water to totally immerse them.
agent (see Note 4).Arelease agent is acceptable if it serves as
Seal and place the containers in an oven or water bath at 80.0
a parting agent without affecting the time of setting of the
6 2.0°C for a period of 24 h 62h.
cement and without leaving any residue that will inhibit the
9.2 Zero Readings—Remove the co
...