ASTM F2787-13(2018)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Structural Design of Thermoplastic Corrugated Wall Stormwater Collection Chambers
Standard Practice for Structural Design of Thermoplastic Corrugated Wall Stormwater Collection Chambers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides a rational method for structural design of thermoplastic stormwater chambers. The loads, capacities, and limit states are based on accepted load and resistance factor design for thermoplastic pipes; however, existing design specifications for thermoplastic pipes do not adequately address the design of chambers due to (1) open-bottom geometry, (2) support on integral foot, (3) varying circumferential corrugation geometry, and (4) manufacture with alternative thermoplastic resin. This practice standardizes recommendations for designers to adequately address these aspects of chamber design.
4.2 This practice is written to allow chamber manufacturers to evaluate chambers meeting existing classifications and to design chambers for new classifications as they are developed.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice standardizes structural design of thermoplastic corrugated wall arch-shaped chambers used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. The practice is for chambers installed in a trench or bed and subjected to earth and live loads. Structural design includes the composite system made up of the chamber arch, the chamber foot, and the soil envelope. Relevant recognized practices include design of thermoplastic culvert pipes and design of foundations.
1.2 This practice standardizes methods for manufacturers of buried thermoplastic structures to design for the time dependent behavior of plastics using soil support as an integral part of the structural system. This practice is not applicable to thermoplastic structures that do not include soil support as a component of the structural system.
1.3 This practice is limited to structural design and does not provide guidance on hydraulic, hydrologic, or environmental design considerations that may need to be addressed for functional use of stormwater collection chambers.
1.4 Stormwater chambers are most commonly embedded in open graded, angular aggregate which provide both structural support and open porosity for water storage. Should soils other than open graded, angular aggregate be specified for embedment, other installation and functional concerns may need to be addressed that are outside the scope of this practice.
1.5 Chambers are produced in arch shapes to meet classifications that specify chamber rise, chamber span, minimum foot width, minimum wall thickness, and minimum arch stiffness constant. Chambers are manufactured with integral footings.
1.6 Polypropylene chamber classifications are found in Specification F2418. Specification F2418 also specifies chamber manufacture and qualification.
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2787 − 13 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Practice for
Structural Design of Thermoplastic Corrugated Wall
Stormwater Collection Chambers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2787; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
1.1 This practice standardizes structural design of thermo-
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
plastic corrugated wall arch-shaped chambers used for
and are not considered standard.
collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. The
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
practice is for chambers installed in a trench or bed and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
subjected to earth and live loads. Structural design includes the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
composite system made up of the chamber arch, the chamber
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
foot, and the soil envelope. Relevant recognized practices
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
include design of thermoplastic culvert pipes and design of
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
foundations.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2 This practice standardizes methods for manufacturers of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
buried thermoplastic structures to design for the time depen-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
dent behavior of plastics using soil support as an integral part
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
of the structural system. This practice is not applicable to
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
thermoplastic structures that do not include soil support as a
component of the structural system.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 This practice is limited to structural design and does not 2.1 ASTM Standards:
provide guidance on hydraulic, hydrologic, or environmental D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering
design considerations that may need to be addressed for Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
functional use of stormwater collection chambers. D2990 Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and Flexural
Creep and Creep-Rupture of Plastics
1.4 Stormwater chambers are most commonly embedded in
D6992 Test Method for Accelerated Tensile Creep and
open graded, angular aggregate which provide both structural
Creep-Rupture of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-
support and open porosity for water storage. Should soils other
Temperature Superposition Using the Stepped Isothermal
than open graded, angular aggregate be specified for
Method
embedment, other installation and functional concerns may
F2418 SpecificationforPolypropylene(PP)CorrugatedWall
need to be addressed that are outside the scope of this practice.
Stormwater Collection Chambers
1.5 Chambers are produced in arch shapes to meet classifi-
2.2 AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications:
cationsthatspecifychamberrise,chamberspan,minimumfoot
Section3LoadsandLoadFactors, 3.5PermanentLoads;3.6
width, minimum wall thickness, and minimum arch stiffness
Live Loads
constant. Chambers are manufactured with integral footings.
Section 10 Foundations, 10.6 Spread Footings
Section 12 Buried Structures and Tunnel Liners, 12.12
1.6 Polypropylene chamber classifications are found in
Thermoplastic Pipes
Specification F2418. Specification F2418 also specifies cham-
ber manufacture and qualification.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic the ASTM website.
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.65 on Land AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications-Dual Units, 4th Edition, 2007
Drainage. and AASHTO Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Sampling,
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2018. Published March 2018. Originally 28th edition, 2008. Available from American Association of State Highway and
approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F2787–13. DOI: Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249,
10.1520/F2787-13R18. Washington, DC 20001.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2787 − 13 (2018)
2.3 AASHTO Standard Specifications: 3.1.7 embedment—backfill material against the sides of
M43 Standard Specification for Size ofAggregate for Road chambers and end caps and in between rows of chambers from
and Bridge Construction the foundation stone below to a specified dimension over the
M 145 Standard Specification for Classification of Soils and top of the chambers (see Fig. 3).
Soil-Aggregate Mixtures for Highway Construction Pur-
3.1.8 end cap—a bulkhead provided to begin and terminate
poses
a chamber, or row of chambers, and prevent intrusion of
T99 Standard Method of Test for Moisture-Density Rela-
surrounding embedment materials.
tions of Soils Using a 2.5-kg (5.5-lb) Rammer and a
3.1.9 foot—a flat, turned out section that is manufactured
305-mm (12-in.) Drop
with the chamber to provide a bearing surface for transfer of
2.4 AWWA Manual:
vertical loads to the foundation (see Fig. 1).
M45 Manual of Water Supply Practices: Fiberglass Pipe
3.1.10 foot area—the actual contact area of the foot with the
Design
foundation.
3. Terminology
3.1.11 local buckling—compression failure of built-up plate
sections with high width-to-thickness ratios.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.12 nominal height—a designation describing the ap-
3.1.1 Definitions used in this specification are in accordance
with the definitions in Terminology F412, and abbreviations proximate outside vertical dimension of the chamber at its
are in accordance with Terminology D1600, unless otherwise crown (see Fig. 1).
indicated.
3.1.13 nominal width—a designation describing the ap-
3.1.2 chamber—an arch-shaped structure manufactured of
proximate outside horizontal dimension of the chamber at its
thermoplastic with an open-bottom that is supported on feet
feet (see Fig. 1).
and may be joined into rows that begin with, and are termi-
3.1.14 rise—the vertical distance from the chamber base
nated by, end caps (see Fig. 1).
(bottom of the chamber foot) to the inside of a chamber wall
3.1.3 classification—the chamber model specification that
valley element at the crown as depicted in Fig. 1.
identifies nominal height, nominal width, rise, span, minimum
3.1.15 span—the horizontal distance from the interior of
foot width, wall thickness, and arch stiffness constant.
one sidewall valley element to the interior of the other sidewall
3.1.4 corrugated wall—a wall profile consisting of a regular
valley element as depicted in Fig. 1.
pattern of alternating crests and valleys connected by web
3.1.16 valley—the element of a corrugation located at the
elements (see Fig. 2).
interior surface of a chamber wall, spanning between two web
3.1.5 crest—the element of a corrugation located at the
elements (see Fig. 2).
exterior surface of the chamber wall, spanning between two
3.1.17 viscoelasticity—the response of a material to load
web elements (see Fig. 2).
thatisdependentbothonloadmagnitude(elastic)andloadrate
3.1.6 crown—the center section of a chamber typically
(viscous).
located at the highest point as the chamber is traversed
3.1.18 web—the element of a corrugated wall that connects
circumferentially.
a crest element to a valley element (see Fig. 2).
4. Significance and Use
AWWA Manual of Water Supply Practices M45: Fiberglass Pipe Design, 2nd
4.1 This practice provides a rational method for structural
Edition, 2005. Available from the American Water Works Association (AWWA),
design of thermoplastic stormwater chambers. The loads,
6666 W. Quincy Ave., Denver, CO 80235.
NOTE 1—The model chamber shown in this standard is intended only as a general illustration.
FIG. 1 Chamber Terminology (Typical)
F2787 − 13 (2018)
NOTE 1—The corrugation profile shown in this standard is intended only as a general illustration.
FIG. 2 Corrugation Terminology (Typical)
FIG. 3 Installation Terminology (Typical)
capacities, and limit states are based on accepted load and 5.3.1 Service Limit State—Servicedesignshalllimitvertical
resistance factor design for thermoplastic pipes; however, displacements at the ground surface. Chambers shall be evalu-
existing design specifications for thermoplastic pipes do not
ated for detrimental structural deformation.
adequately address the design of chambers due to (1) open-
5.3.2 Safety Against Structural Failure—Structural design
bottom geometry, (2) support on integral foot, (3) varying
shall evaluate chambers for buckling, compression, tension,
circumferential corrugation geometry, and (4) manufacture
and foundation bearing.
with alternative thermoplastic resin. This practice standardizes
5.4 Buckling capacity is based on material stress limits.
recommendations for designers to adequately address these
Compression and tension capacities are based on material
aspects of chamber design.
strain limits. Foundation bearing capacity is based on soil
4.2 This practice is written to allow chamber manufacturers
ultimate bearing capacity.
to evaluate chambers meeting existing classifications and to
5.5 Chambers shall be designed using closed-form solutions
design chambers for new classifications as they are developed.
(verified by analysis) or finite element analysis (FEA). Designs
shall be validated by testing.
5. Basis of Design
NOTE 1—The soil-chamber system complexity generally precludes the
5.1 Design is based on AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design
use of closed-form solutions for determination of design force effects.
Specifications and publications for static soil-structure-
While specific solutions may be developed for individual chamber
interaction analysis for thermoplastic pipes. Users should
geometries, general solutions have not been developed to accurately
verify that these recommendations meet particular project predict behavior for the many possible variations in chamber geometry. In
most cases FEAmust be employed to calculate design force effects on the
needs.
chamber or as verification of closed-form solutions.
5.2 Chamber installations shall be designed for the critical
5.6 Chamber material properties shall be based on tests.
combination of live load and dead load, see Section 7.
5.3 Chambers shall be designed for service limit states and 5.7 Chamber section properties shall be calculated from the
safety against structural failure, see Section 8. geometry of the chamber cross-section.
F2787 − 13 (2018)
5.8 Soil properties shall be based on generally accepted 7.2 Dead Load (DL)—Dead load shall be computed from
published properties for the specified soil classifications or by permanent soil cover over chambers.The soil unit weight shall
3 3
tests on site-specific materials. not be less than 120 lb/ft (18.9 kN/m ) unless otherwise
determined by tests. Dead load shall be calculated for each
6. Analysis for Design
installation.
6.1 The design shall include structural modeling of the
7.3 Dead Load Factor (γ )—The dead load factor shall be
DL
chamberunderloadsintheinstalledsoilenvironment.Analysis
1.95.
models shall include critical anticipated live loads and soil
7.4 Live Load (LL)—Live load calculation is provided in
cover heights that provide deflections for serviceability design
Annex A1. Live load includes transient loads (passing ve-
and force effects to design for safety against structural failure.
hicles) or sustained loads (stationary non-permanent loads).
6.2 Analysis shall consider the following:
Live load computation is based on theAASHTO HL-93 design
6.2.1 Chamber Structure—Two-dimensional FEA shall use
vehicular live load applied to a single-loaded lane.
beam elements with effective section properties to model the
7.4.1 HL-93—The HL-93 load is a combination of the
chamber wall. Each beam element shall represent not more
design truck or design tandem, whichever is critical, applied
than 10 degrees of the chamber circumference. Nodes at beam
with the design lane load.
ends shall be located at the center of the gravity (cg) of the
7.4.2 Design Truck—The design truck shall be the
corrugated chamber wall cross-section. Three-dimensional
AASHTO Design Truck as specified in AASHTO LRFD
FEA shall employ shell elements.
Bridge Design Specifications, Section 3.6.1.2.2.
6.2.2 FEA Program—Acceptable FEAprograms include (1)
7.4.3 Design Tandem—The design tandem shall be the
CANDE (Culvert Analysis and Design), (2) similarly featured
AASHTO Design Tandem as specified in AASHTO LRFD
and verified culvert design software, or (3) general purpose
Bridge Design Specifications, Section 3.6.1.2.3.
finite element analysis software with capability to model
7.4.4 Thermoplastic chamber structures have a structural
nonlinear static soil-structure-interaction.
response that is dependent on load duration. Chamber response
6.2.3 Creep—The time-dependent response (creep) of ther-
to live load is computed using appropriate creep moduli for
moplastic chamber materials shall be included in the analysis.
instantaneous response (transient loads) and longer-duration
Acceptable methods are (1) multiple linear-elastic models with
response (sustained loads).As a minimum, design for live load
successive stiffness reductions for creep effects, and (2) non-
shall include evaluation of instantaneous response (due to
linear chamber models that include the creep response. Values
moving vehicles), using a short duration (≤ 1 min) creep
of creep modulus shall be determined by test in accordance
modulus, with multiple presence and impact factors in the live
with Test Methods D2990 or Test Method D6992.
loadcomputation,andasustainedloadresponse(duetoparked
6.2.4 Soil—Models shall include accurate representation of
vehicle) using a 1 week creep mod
...
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