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ASTM E1348-90(1996)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Transmittance and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry

Standard Test Method for Transmittance and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry

SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the instrumental measurement of the transmission properties and color of object-color specimens by the use of a spectrophotometer or spectrocolorimeter with a hemispherical optical measuring system, such as an integrating sphere.
1.2 This test method is generally suitable for all fully transparent specimens without regard for the specimen position relative to the transmission port of the instrument. Translucent specimens, however, must be placed flush against the transmission port of the sphere.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-May-1996
ICS
17.180.20 - Colours and measurement of light
Technical Committee
E12 - Color and Appearance
Drafting Committee
E12.02 - Spectrophotometry and Colorimetry
Current Stage
Ref Project

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Replaced By
ASTM E1348-02 - Standard Test Method for Transmittance and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
Effective Date
10-Jun-2002

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ASTM E1348-90(1996) - Standard Test Method for Transmittance and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical GeometryASTM E1348-90(1996) - Standard Test Method for Transmittance and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
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ASTM E1348-90(1996) - Standard Test Method for Transmittance and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
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Standards Content (Sample)


Designation: E 1348 – 90 (Reapproved 1996)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Transmittance and Color by Spectrophotometry Using
Hemispherical Geometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1348; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope and Practice E 1164 are applicable to this test method.
1.1 This test method describes the instrumental measure-
4. Summary of Test Method
ment of the transmission properties and color of object-color
4.1 This test method provides a procedure for measuring the
specimens by the use of a spectrophotometer or spectrocolo-
transmittance of transmitting specimens by using a spectropho-
rimeter with a hemispherical optical measuring system, such as
tometer or spectrocolorimeter equipped with a hemispherical
an integrating sphere.
optical measuring system such as an integrating sphere.
1.2 This test method is generally suitable for all fully
4.2 This test method includes procedures for calibrating the
transparent specimens without regard for the specimen position
instrument and for selecting specimens suitable for precision
relative to the transmission port of the instrument. Translucent
measurement.
specimens, however, must be placed flush against the trans-
4.3 This test method is satisfactory for all fully transparent
mission port of the sphere.
specimens with plane and parallel surfaces. When possible, the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
user should select the position of the specimen in the trans-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mission compartment to provide either essentially total or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
essentially regular transmittance, depending on the end use of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the measured data.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.4 Accurate measurement of translucent specimens re-
2. Referenced Documents quires that the specimen be placed flush against the transmis-
sion port of the integrating sphere (see Practice E 1164, 8.1.4).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.5 Most modern spectrophotometers have the capacity to
D 1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
compute the color coordinates of the specimen during the
of Transparent Plastics
measurement. When this is the case, the user of this test
D 2244 Test Method for Calculation of Color Differences
method must select the color system, observer, and illuminant
from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
(see Practice E 308, Section 6).
E 179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for
Measurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties of
5. Significance and Use
Materials
3 5.1 The most direct and accessible methods for obtaining
E 284 Terminology Relating to Appearance.
the color coordinates of object colors are by instrumental
E 308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by
3 measurement using spectrophotometers or colorimeters with
Using the CIE System
either hemispherical or bidirectional optical measuring sys-
E 805 Practice for Identification of Instrumental Methods of
3 tems. This test method provides procedures for such measure-
Color or Color-Difference Measurement of Materials
ment by transmittance spectrophotometry using a hemispheri-
E 1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrophotometric Data for
3 cal optical measuring system.
Object-Color Evaluation
5.2 This test method is especially suitable for measurement
3. Terminology of the following types of specimens (see also Guide E 179 and
Practice E 805):
3.1 Definitions:
5.2.1 Fully transparent specimens (free from turbidity, haze,
3.1.1 The definitions in Guide E 179, Terminology E 284,
or translucency), and
5.2.2 Translucent or hazy specimens, provided that the
specimen can be placed flush against the transmission port of
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-12 on
Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.02 on Spectro-
the integrating sphere.
photometry and Colorimetry.
5.3 This test method is not recommended for measurement
Current edition approved March 30, 1990. Published May 1990.
2 of transparent or translucent retroreflective or fluorescent
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. specimens.
E 1348
6. Apparatus 9.3 Handle the specimen carefully; avoid touching the area
to be measured. When necessary, clean the specimen by an
6.1 Spectrophotometer or Spectrocolorimeter, designed for
agreed procedure.
the measurement of color coordinates of transmitting speci-
9.4 For the measurement of fully transparent specimens,
mens by use of inte
...

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1.1 This practice covers the calculation, from instrumentally measured color coordinates based on daylight illumination, of color tolerances and small color differences between opaque specimens such as painted panels, plastic plaques, or textile swatches. Where it is suspected that the specimens may be metameric, that is, possess different spectral curves though visually alike in color, Practice D4086 should be used to verify instrumental results. The tolerances and differences determined by these procedures are expressed in terms of approximately uniform visual color perception in CIE 1976 CIELAB opponent-color space (1),2 CMC tolerance units (2), CIE94 tolerance units (3), the DIN99o color difference formula given in DIN 6176  (4), or the CIEDE2000 color difference units (5).  
1.2 For product specification, the purchaser and the seller shall agree upon the permissible color tolerance between test specimen and reference and the procedure for calculating the color tolerance. Each material and condition of use may require specific color tolerances because other appearance factors, (for example, specimen proximity, gloss, and texture), may affect the correlation between the magnitude of a measured color difference and its commercial acceptability.  
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Standard Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System

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4.1 This practice is used by artists, designers, scientists, engineers, and government regulators, to specify an existing or desired color. It is used in the natural sciences to record the colors of specimens, or identify specimens, such as human complexion, flowers, foliage, soils, and minerals. It is used to specify colors for commerce and for control of color-production processes, when instrumental color measurement is not economical. The Munsell system is widely used for color tolerancing, even when instrumentation is employed (see Practice D3134). It is common practice to have color chips made to illustrate an aim color and the just tolerable deviations from that color in hue, value, and chroma, such a set of chips being called a Color Tolerance Set. A color tolerance set exhibits the aim color and color tolerances so that everyone involved in the selection, production, and acceptance of the color can directly perceive the intent of the specification, before bidding to supply the color or starting production. A color tolerance set may be measured to establish instrumental tolerances. Without extensive experience, it may be impossible to visualize the meaning of numbers resulting from color measurement, but by this practice, the numbers can be translated to the Munsell color-order system, which is exemplified by colored chips for visual examination. This color-order system is the basis of the ISCC-NBS Method of Designating Colors and a Dictionary of Color Names, as well as the Universal Color Language, which associates color names, in the English language, with Munsell notations (3).
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ASTM E1477-98a(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Luminous Reflectance Factor of Acoustical Materials by Use of Integrating-Sphere Reflectometers

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5.2 The reflecting properties of a surface are measured relative to those of a standard reflector, the perfect reflecting diffuser, to provide a reflectance factor. The luminous reflectance factor is calculated for a standard illuminant, and a standard observer, for the standard hemispherical (integrating-sphere) geometry of illumination and viewing, in which all reflected radiation from an area of the surface is collected. In this way the reflecting properties of an acoustical material can be represented by a single number measured and calculated under standard conditions.  
5.3 Acoustical materials generally have a non-glossy white or near-white finish. The types of surface cover a wide range from smooth to deeply fissured. Measurement with integrating-sphere reflectometers has been satisfactory although multiple measurements may be required to sample the surface adequately. Instruments with other types of optical measuring systems may be used if it can be demonstrated that they provide equivalent results.  
5.4 The use of this test method for determining the luminous reflectance factor is required by Classification E1264.
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