ASTM D7867-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Measurement of the Rotational Viscosity of Paints, Inks and Related Liquid Materials as a Function of Temperature
Standard Test Methods for Measurement of the Rotational Viscosity of Paints, Inks and Related Liquid Materials as a Function of Temperature
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The viscosity of paint, inks and many related liquid materials is dependent on temperature. It is useful to know the extent of this dependence. One use of such information is to prepare a viscosity-temperature table or curve. Then, if ambient conditions do not allow the measurement of viscosity at the exact temperature stated in a specification or regulation, the viscosity measured at ambient temperature can be used to determine the viscosity at the temperature of interest through the use of the previously prepared table or curve. Viscosity measurements that cover a range of shear rates as well as temperatures could include shear rates associated with paint application or allow extrapolation to such shear rates. This information would enable a producer or user to estimate the effect on application of heating the paint.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the use of rotational viscometers to determine the dependence of apparent viscosity of paints, inks and related liquid materials on temperature. The first method uses a standard rotational viscometer with concentric cylinder geometry running at a fixed rotational speed as the temperature is increased or decreased. The second method uses a rotational viscometer with cone and plate geometry running at a fixed rotational speed as the temperature is increased or decreased. The third method uses concentric cylinder or cone/plate geometry operated with a shear rate ramp at several discrete temperatures.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: D7867 − 13
Standard Test Methods for
Measurement of the Rotational Viscosity of Paints, Inks and
1
Related Liquid Materials as a Function of Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7867; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 shear thinning fluid—fluid in which the apparent
viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate.
1.1 These test methods cover the use of rotational viscom-
3.1.3 thixotropic fluid, n—fluid whose viscosity is time
eters to determine the dependence of apparent viscosity of
dependent, that is, its viscosity decreases with the time it is
paints, inks and related liquid materials on temperature. The
subjected to shear.
first method uses a standard rotational viscometer with con-
centric cylinder geometry running at a fixed rotational speed as
3.1.4 viscosity, n—the ratio between an applied shear stress
the temperature is increased or decreased. The second method
to the resulting shear rate (velocity gradient) is defined as the
uses a rotational viscometer with cone and plate geometry
dynamic viscosity; it is a measure of the resistance to flow of
running at a fixed rotational speed as the temperature is
a fluid.
increased or decreased. The third method uses concentric
4. Summary of Test Methods
cylinder or cone/plate geometry operated with a shear rate
ramp at several discrete temperatures. 4.1 Test Method A is run with a viscometer with concentric
(coaxial) cylinder capability, either built-in or as an accessory
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
that allows use of small specimen size (2 to 20 mL). This test
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
is used for measuring apparent viscosity as a function of
standard.
temperature at low to medium shear rates. The viscosity-
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-
temperature profile of the paint, ink or other material may be
tionsandequipment. This standard does not purport to address
determined at a fixed shear rate or the viscosity-shear rate
all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is
profile may be determined at several discrete temperatures.
the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
4.2 Test Method B is accomplished with a viscometer that
appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
has cone/plate test geometry. It is used to measure apparent
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
viscosity as a function of temperature at low to medium shear
rates (high shear rates may cause shear heating that interferes
2. Referenced Documents
with temperature control). Shear heating is more likely with
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cone/plate geometry because it permits use of a wider range of
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
shear rates than does the concentric cylinder instrumentation in
Pigmented Coatings
Method A. The upper limit of shear rate will depend on the
material and its viscosity. The viscosity-temperature profile of
3. Terminology
the paint/coating may be determined at a fixed shear rate or the
3.1 Definitions: viscosity-shear rate profile may be determined at several
3.1.1 apparent viscosity, n—viscosity that is not a true discrete temperatures. The smaller specimen size compared to
propertyofthefluid,butavariabledependingontheshearrate. Method A permits better temperature control and more rapid
characterization of the viscosity-temperature profile.
4.3 Test Method C is used for determining apparent viscos-
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
ity as a function of a shear rate ramp at multiple discreet
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsi-
temperatures. This method can be used with either coaxial
bility of Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints & Paint
cylinder geometry or cone/plate geometry.Ashear rate ramp is
Materials.
defined and run at a discreet temperature; the viscosity values
Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published July 2013. DOI: 10.1520/
D7867-13.
at each shear rate are recorded. The shear rate ramp is then
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
repeated at a series of discreet temperatures and the viscosity
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
values are measured to characterize the viscosity-temperature
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. profile for the sample specimen.
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