ASTM D8-18a
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
SCOPE
1.1 This standard incorporates generic terms and generic definitions of terms specifically associated with road and paving materials. These generic terms and definitions are used within the standards developed by Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials.
1.2 Only terms that appear in more than one standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D04 will be included in Terminology D8.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D8 − 18a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Materials for Roads and Pavements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D5821 Test Method for Determining the Percentage of
Fractured Particles in Coarse Aggregate
1.1 This standard incorporates generic terms and generic
D6995 Test Method for Determining Field VMA based on
definitions of terms specifically associated with road and
the Maximum Specific Gravity of the Mix (G )
mm
paving materials. These generic terms and definitions are used
within the standards developed by Committee D04 on Road
3. Terminology
and Paving Materials.
aggregate, n—a granular material used as a construction
1.2 Only terms that appear in more than one standard under
the jurisdiction of Committee D04 will be included in Termi- material, meeting the requirements of road and paving
applications.
nology D8.
DISCUSSION—Examples of aggregate include sand, gravel, shell, slag,
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
and crushed stone. See coarse aggregate and fine aggregate for more
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
information.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- air voids (Pa), n—the volume of air between the asphalt-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical coated aggregate particles throughout a compacted asphalt
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. mix, expressed as a percent of the total volume of the
sample.
2. Referenced Documents
DISCUSSION—A variable previously used for this term was Va.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
anionic emulsified asphalt (anionic emulsion), n—a type of
D242/D242M Specification for Mineral Filler For Bitumi-
emulsified asphalt such that a particular emulsifying agent
nous Paving Mixtures
establishes a predominance of negative charges on the
D2026/D2026M Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Slow-
discontinuous phase.
Curing Type)
API gravity, n—a function of specific gravity represented by
D2027/D2027M Specification for Cutback Asphalt
the equation in Test Method D3142/D3142M.
(Medium-Curing Type)
DISCUSSION—A specific gravity scale developed by the American
D2028/D2028M Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-
Petroleum Institute (API) used to compare how heavy or light a
Curing Type)
petroleum liquid is compared to water.
D3142/D3142M Test Method for Specific Gravity, API
Gravity, or Density of Cutback Asphalts by Hydrometer
asphalt, n—A dark brown to black cement-like residuum
Method
obtained from the distillation of suitable crude oils.
D4124 Test Method for Separation of Asphalt into Four
DISCUSSION—The distillation processes may involve one or more of
Fractions
the following: atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, steam
D4552 Practice for Classifying Hot-Mix Recycling Agents distillation. Further processing of distillation residuum may be needed
to yield a material whose physical properties are suitable for commer-
D5505 Practice for Classifying Emulsified RecyclingAgents
cial applications. These additional processes can involve air oxidation,
solvent stripping or blending of residua of different stiffness character-
istics. In Europe asphalt is called bitumen.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.91 on
asphalt binder, n—asphalt which may or may not contain an
Terminology.
asphalt modifier (see asphalt modifier).
Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originally
DISCUSSION—this term is often used in the Performance Graded
approved in 1912. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D8 – 18. DOI:
10.1520/D0008-18A. Binder system.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM asphalt cement, n—See asphalt.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. asphalt concrete, n—See asphalt mix.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8 − 18a
asphalt mix (asphalt mixture), n—a mixture of asphalt cleanability, n—the ability of a raised retroreflective marker to
binder, emulsified asphalt, or cutback asphalt and aggre- keep its optical surfaces clean under traffic and environmen-
gates. The mixture may also include other materials. tal condit
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8 − 18 D8 − 18a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Materials for Roads and Pavements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This standard incorporates generic terms and generic definitions of terms specifically associated with road and paving
materials. These generic terms and definitions are used within the standards developed by Committee D04 on Road and Paving
Materials.
1.2 Only terms that appear in more than one standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D04 will be included in Terminology
D8.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D242/D242M Specification for Mineral Filler For Bituminous Paving Mixtures
D2026/D2026M Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Slow-Curing Type)
D2027/D2027M Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Medium-Curing Type)
D2028/D2028M Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-Curing Type)
D3142/D3142M Test Method for Specific Gravity, API Gravity, or Density of Cutback Asphalts by Hydrometer Method
D4124 Test Method for Separation of Asphalt into Four Fractions
D4552 Practice for Classifying Hot-Mix Recycling Agents
D5505 Practice for Classifying Emulsified Recycling Agents
D5821 Test Method for Determining the Percentage of Fractured Particles in Coarse Aggregate
D6995 Test Method for Determining Field VMA based on the Maximum Specific Gravity of the Mix (G )
mm
3. Terminology
aggregate, n—a granular material used as a construction material, meeting the requirements of road and paving applications.
DISCUSSION—
Examples of aggregate include sand, gravel, shell, slag, and crushed stone. See coarse aggregate and fine aggregate for more information.
air voids (Pa), n—the volume of air between the asphalt-coated aggregate particles throughout a compacted asphalt mix, expressed
as a percent of the total volume of the sample.
DISCUSSION—
A variable previously used for this term was Va.
anionic emulsion, emulsified asphalt (anionic emulsion), n—a type of emulsion emulsified asphalt such that a particular
emulsifying agent establishes a predominance of negative charges on the discontinuous phase.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.91 on
Terminology.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2018July 1, 2018. Published February 2018August 2018. Originally approved in 1912. Last previous edition approved in 20172018 as
D8 – 17c.18. DOI: 10.1520/D0008-18.10.1520/D0008-18A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8 − 18a
API gravity, n—a function of specific gravity represented by the equation in Test Method D3142/D3142M.
DISCUSSION—
A specific gravity scale developed by the American Petroleum Institute (API) used to compare how heavy or light a petroleum liquid is compared to
water.
asphalt, n—A dark brown to black cement-like residuum obtained from the distillation of suitable crude oils.
DISCUSSION—
The distillation processes may involve one or more of the following: atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, steam distillation. Further processing
of distillation residuum may be needed to yield a material whose physical properties are suitable for commercial applications. These additional
processes can involve air oxidation, solvent stripping or blending of residua of different stiffness characteristics. In Europe asphalt is called bitumen.
asphalt binder, n—asphalt which may or may not contain an asphalt modifier (see asphalt modifier).
DISCUSSION—
this term is often used in the Performance Graded Binder system.
asphalt cement, n—Se
...
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