ASTM D1517-04e1
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Leather
Standard Terminology Relating to Leather
General Information
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e1
Designation:D1517–04
Standard Terminology Relating to
,
1 2
Leather
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1517; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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e NOTE—The words “hides of skins” was corrected editorially to “hides or skins” in the definition of “wet blue” in July 2006.
INTRODUCTION
These definitions are divided into two groups: the first group covers general terms, and the second
group covers definitions applicable to sampling.
The definitions of general terms include some of those encountered by personnel concerned with
specifications and procurement of hides, leather and leather products by the Federal Government.
The definitions applicable to sampling are mainly to be used in connection with the sampling for,
and testing of, physical and chemical properties.
Terms adequately defined by unabridged dictionaries are not generally included.
GENERAL TERMS apron leathers—any one of several varieties of leather used in
connection with textile machinery and blacksmith aprons.
alligator—a general term used for leather made from the skins
Comber and Gill Box apron leather is soft, mellow, tough
of all aquatic species with a grain similar to the american
leather, tanned from steerhides, heavily stuffed and boarded
alligator which cannot be killed legally and, therefore, is not
or otherwise softened. Rub Roll apron leather is a flexible
used by the United States industry.
but firm, dry, strong leather.
alligator-grained leather—leather of various types, such as
aspergillus niger—one of the most common mold growths
calf, sheep or cattlehide embossed to resemble the grain of
found on vegetable tanning vats and on leather, usually
alligator hide.
greenish or blackish in color.
alum leather—leather produced by alum tannage, usually in
automobile leather—see upholstery leather.
combination with other substances. Before the invention of
back—a crop with the head trimmed off behind the horn holes.
chrome-tanning this was the principal method of tanning
(OZUP in Fig. 1.)
with mineral agents.
bagleather—a general term for leathers used in traveling bags
aniline dyed leather—leather which has been colored by
and suitcases. It does not include the light leathers employed
transparent dyes as distinguished from leather treated by
for women’s fancy handbags. The staple material for bag
pigments or other opaque material.
and case leather at present is leather made from the hides of
aniline finish—a clear finish with little or no pigmentation.
animals of the bovine species, but heavy sealskins and
antelope finish suede—applied to lambskin, goatskin, or
goatskins are also used.
calfskin, sueded and finished to resemble antelope.
bark tannage—leather tanned by use of vegetable tannins
antelope leather—a fine, soft leather made from an antelope
found in barks, wood, and other plant derivatives, as
skin, velvety in texture and sheen, sueded on the flesh side.
distinguished from mineral tannages.
This leather is so rare, that for practical purposes, it is
barkometer—a hydrometer used for determining the specific
virtually nonexistent.
gravity of tanning solutions. A specific gravity of 1.000 is
equivalent of 0 deg barkometer (Bk), and each additional
degree Bk is equivalent to an increase of 0.001 in specific
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ThisterminologyisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD31onLeather
gravity.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.91 on Administrative and
Editorial.
baseball leather—leather used for covers of baseballs. The
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2004. Published September 2004. Originally
better grades of balls have covers of alum-tanned horsehide
approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 1517 – 99(04).
2 front leather. Some cheaper grades are made of kip and
These definitions have been developed in cooperation with the American
Leather Chemists Assn. (Definitions of Terms X1-1961). sheepskins.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D1517–04
bloom does not significantly affect the other physical prop-
erties of the leather.
blue—usually in the phrase “in the blue,” applied to hides or
skins that have been chrome-tanned but not dyed nor
fat-liquored.
blushing—dulling or mottling of the finish of the leather
resulting from condensed moisture during the drying of the
finish. Also referred to as lacquer bloom.
boarded leather—leather on which a false or accentuated
FIG. 1 Hide, Showing Various Cuts
grain has been produced by folding the grain si
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