ASTM D891-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of Liquid Industrial Chemicals
Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of Liquid Industrial Chemicals
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Specific gravity, apparent, may be used as a qualitative test in establishing the identity of a chemical. It may be used to calculate the volume occupied by a product whose weight is known, or to calculate the weight of a product from its volume. It may be used to determine the composition of binary mixtures of pure chemicals. In the case of most refined industrial chemicals specific gravity, apparent, is of minimal value in defining quality, although it may detect gross contamination.
4.2 Of the two test methods described, the pycnometer method (Test Method B, 1.1.2) is the most accurate and precise. For this reason it is the preferred method in case of disputes. The hydrometer method (Test Method A, 1.1.1) is the least accurate and precise, but it is also the simplest and fastest to perform and is often entirely satisfactory for many purposes. If the sample is too viscous to permit the hydrometer to float freely, the pycnometer test method should be used.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the specific gravity, apparent, of liquid industrial chemicals. Two test methods are covered as follows:
1.1.1 Test Method A, specific gravity, apparent, by means of a hydrometer.
1.1.2 Test Method B, specific gravity, apparent, by means of a pycnometer.
Note 1: Test Method D4052 describes an instrumental procedure.
1.2 In common usage the term specific gravity, apparent, is understood to mean specific gravity.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in these test methods with the exception of Fahrenheit (°F) in 5.1 as an example of a possible industrial specification unit.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Sections 8 and 16.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D891 −18
Standard Test Methods for
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Specific Gravity, Apparent, of Liquid Industrial Chemicals
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D891; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D4052Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
D6809Guide for Quality Control and Quality Assurance
specific gravity, apparent, of liquid industrial chemicals. Two
Procedures for Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Ma-
test methods are covered as follows:
terials
1.1.1 Test Method A, specific gravity, apparent, by means of
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
a hydrometer.
E100Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
1.1.2 Test Method B, specific gravity, apparent, by means of
E202Test Methods for Analysis of Ethylene Glycols and
a pycnometer.
Propylene Glycols
NOTE 1—Test Method D4052 describes an instrumental procedure.
E302Test Methods for Monobasic Organic Acids (With-
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1.2 In common usage the term specific gravity, apparent, is drawn 2001)
E346Test Methods for Analysis of Methanol (Withdrawn
understood to mean specific gravity.
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2017)
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
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2.2 Other Document:
standard. No other units of measurement are included in these
OSHA Regulations, 29 CFRparagraphs 1910.1000 and
test methods with the exception of Fahrenheit (°F) in 5.1 as an
1910.1200
example of a possible industrial specification unit.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 specific gravity, apparent—the ratio of the weight in
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
air of a unit volume of a material at a stated temperature to the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
weight in air of equal density of an equal volume of gas-free
For specific hazard statements, see Sections 8 and 16.
distilled water (see Note 2) at a stated temperature. It shall be
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
stated as follows:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
o
Specificgravity, apparent, x/y C (1)
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
where x is the temperature of the material and y is the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
temperature of the water.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
NOTE 2—Gas-free distilled water is distilled water that has been boiled
to eliminate dissolved gases.
2. Referenced Documents
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2.1 ASTM Standards: 4. Significance and Use
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
4.1 Specific gravity, apparent, may be used as a qualitative
testinestablishingtheidentityofachemical.Itmaybeusedto
calculate the volume occupied by a product whose weight is
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These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on
known,ortocalculatetheweightofaproductfromitsvolume.
Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals and are the direct responsi-
Itmaybeusedtodeterminethecompositionofbinarymixtures
bility of Subcommittee D16.15 on Industrial and Specialty General Standards.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originally
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D891–09 which was
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withdrawn January 2018 and reinstated in August 2018. DOI: 10.1520/D0891-18. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or www.astm.org.
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contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http://
the ASTM website. www.access.gpo.gov.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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