ASTM A592/A592M-10(2020)

Standard Specification for High-Strength Quenched and Tempered Low-Alloy Steel Forged Parts for Pressure Vessels

ABSTRACT
ASTM A592/A592M-04 covers the standard specification for high-strength quenched and tempered low-alloy steel forged fittings and parts used for pressure vessels. The steel shall be made by a melting process and shall be fully killed and fine grained. After forging and before reheating, the forgings shall be cooled to provide substantially complete transformation of austenite. Samples for mechanical test specimens shall be removed after the quenching and tempering heat treatment. The test specimens may be machined from a production forging or from special forged blocks suitably worked and heat treated with the production forgings. Such special blocks shall be obtained from an ingot, slab, or billet from the same heat as the forgings they represent and shall be reduced by forging in a manner similar to that for the products to be represented. The specimens shall undergo tension and Charpy V-notch impact tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers high-strength quenched and tempered low-alloy steel forged parts for pressure vessels. The maximum thickness of forgings under this specification shall be 11/2 in. [38 mm] for Grade A, and 4 in. [100 mm] for Grades E and F.
Note 1: These grades are similar to corresponding grades in Specification A517/A517M.  
1.2 Although no provision is made for supplementary requirements in this standard, the supplementary requirements in Specification A788/A788M may be considered by the purchaser.  
1.3 Welding technique is of fundamental importance and it is presupposed that welding procedures will be in accordance with approved methods for the class of material used.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 29-Feb-2020
• ICS: 23.060.01 - Valves in general
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.06 - Steel Forgings and Billets

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A592/A592M-10(2015) - Standard Specification for High-Strength Quenched and Tempered Low-Alloy Steel Forged Parts for Pressure Vessels
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2020
• Refers: ASTM A370-24 - Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2024
• Refers: ASTM A517/A517M-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, High-Strength, Quenched and Tempered
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM A370-19 - Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Refers: ASTM A788/A788M-19 - Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
• Effective Date: 01-May-2019
• Refers: ASTM A788/A788M-18b - Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2018
• Refers: ASTM A788/A788M-18a - Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Refers: ASTM A788/A788M-18 - Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2018
• Refers: ASTM A370-17a - Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2017
• Refers: ASTM A788/A788M-17a - Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2017
• Refers: ASTM A788/A788M-17 - Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
• Effective Date: 01-May-2017
• Refers: ASTM A370-17 - Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2017
• Refers: ASTM A788/A788M-16a - Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2016
• Refers: ASTM A370-15 - Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2015
• Refers: ASTM A788/A788M-15 - Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
• Effective Date: 01-May-2015

Overview

ASTM A592/A592M-10(2020) is a standard specification developed by ASTM International for high-strength quenched and tempered low-alloy steel forged parts intended for pressure vessels. This specification ensures the production of durable, safe, and reliable steel components used under high-pressure conditions in industries such as petrochemical, power generation, and chemical processing. The standard outlines the chemical and mechanical requirements, as well as manufacturing and heat treatment processes, to guarantee the performance and safety of steel forgings used in critical pressure vessel applications.

Key Topics

• Material Scope: Covers forged components made from high-strength, low-alloy steel that undergoes a specific quenching and tempering process for enhanced mechanical performance.
• Grades and Sizes: Establishes maximum thicknesses for different grades. Grade A allows up to 1.5 in. (38 mm), while Grades E and F permit up to 4 in. (100 mm).
• Manufacturing Requirements:
  • Steel must be produced via an approved melting process, be fully killed, and exhibit fine grain structure.
  • Forgings must be hot worked as close as possible to finished shape and size and cooled to achieve complete transformation of austenite.
  • Finished components are subject to stringent chemical composition controls.
• Heat Treatment: Forgings are heat treated by quenching in a liquid medium and tempering at high temperatures, ensuring superior strength and toughness.
• Testing and Quality Assurance:
  • Mechanical properties are verified through tension and Charpy V-notch impact tests.
  • Specimens for testing are removed post-quenching and tempering to accurately validate the final properties.
  • Testing shall include verification for properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and impact resistance.
• Welding Considerations: The specification presumes that all welding will follow proven methods suitable for high-strength low-alloy steels used in pressure vessel service.
• Units and Designations: Allows for both SI and inch-pound units, but prohibits combining values from both systems within a single order.

Applications

• Pressure Vessel Manufacturing: Used extensively in the fabrication of high-pressure vessels, reactors, and storage tanks where strength and toughness are critical for safe operation.
• Industrial Sectors: Essential for components in petrochemical plants, oil and gas refineries, power generation facilities, and chemical manufacturers, where reliability under pressure is a top priority.
• Critical Forged Parts: Ideal for manufacturing high-stress forged parts such as flanges, nozzles, closures, and other fittings subjected to demanding service conditions.
• Safety and Compliance: Enables manufacturers to meet stringent international safety and quality standards for pressure vessel construction, supporting global trade and regulatory requirements.

Related Standards

• ASTM A788/A788M: General requirements for steel forgings, including additional manufacturing and supplementary requirements often referenced in conjunction with A592/A592M.
• ASTM A370: Test methods and definitions for mechanical testing of steel products to determine compliance with specified properties.
• ASTM A517/A517M: Specification for pressure vessel plates made of high-strength alloy steel, with similar grades referenced in A592/A592M.
• ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code: Governs pressure vessel design and fabrication, with direct correlation to recognized materials standards like ASTM A592/A592M.

By adhering to ASTM A592/A592M-10(2020), organizations achieve consistency in the production and validation of high-strength steel forgings, bolster pressure vessel safety, and align with international requirements, facilitating acceptance in global markets.

Keywords: ASTM A592, quenched and tempered steel forgings, pressure vessel steel, high-strength low-alloy steel, pressure vessel components, mechanical properties, impact testing, forged parts specification, pressure vessel safety.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:A592/A592M −10 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Specification for
High-Strength Quenched and Tempered Low-Alloy Steel
Forged Parts for Pressure Vessels
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA592/A592M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This specification covers high-strength quenched and
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
tempered low-alloy steel forged parts for pressure vessels. The
of Steel Products
maximum thickness of forgings under this specification shall
A517/A517M Specification for PressureVessel Plates,Alloy
be 1 ⁄2 in. [38 mm] for GradeA, and 4 in. [100 mm] for Grades
Steel, High-Strength, Quenched and Tempered
E and F.
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
NOTE 1—These grades are similar to corresponding grades in Specifi-
quirements
cation A517/A517M.
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
1.2 Although no provision is made for supplementary re-
2.2 ASME Code:
quirements in this standard, the supplementary requirements in
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
Specification A788/A788M may be considered by the pur-
chaser.
3. Ordering Information and General Requirements
1.3 Welding technique is of fundamental importance and it 3.1 In addition to the ordering information required by
Specification A788/A788M, the purchaser shall include with
is presupposed that welding procedures will be in accordance
the inquiry and order the following information:
with approved methods for the class of material used.
3.1.1 Adetailed drawing, a sketch, or written description of
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
the forging.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.1.2 The charpy impact test temperature if a test tempera-
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
ture lower than 32 °F [0 °C] is required.
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
3.1.3 Additional heat treatment cycles to be applied to the
used independently of the other, and values from the two
mechanical test specimens following removal from the heat-
systems shall not be combined.
treated forging or special forged test block.
3.1.4 Required supplementary requirement(s) from Specifi-
1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-
cation A788/A788M.
tion designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-
pound units.
3.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to
the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
lines additional ordering information, manufacturing
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
marking, certification, product analysis variations, and addi-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
tional supplementary requirements. Failure to comply with the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
requirements of Specification A788/A788M constitutes non-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
conformance with this specification.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets. contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved March 1, 2020. Published March 2020. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as A592/A592M – 10 the ASTM website.
(2015). DOI: 10.1520/A0592_A0592M–10R20. Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi- International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
cation SA-592/SA-592M in Section II of that Code. www.asme.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A592/A592M−10 (2020)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict
with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, the Element Composition, %
A A A
requirements of this specification shall prevail. Grade A Grade E Grade F
Carbon
0.15–0.21 0.12–0.20 0.10–0.20
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 MeltingProcess—The steel shall be made in accordance Manganese
0.80–1.10 0.40–0.70 0.60–1.00
with the Melting Process Section of Specification A788/
A788M.
Phosphorus, max 0.025 0.025 0.025
4.2 Grain Size—The steel shall be fully killed, fine grained
Sulfur, max 0.025 0.025 0.025
(ASTM No. 5 or finer), as determined in accordance with Test
Silicon
Methods E112, Plate IV.
0.40–0.80 0.20–0.35 0.15–0.35
4.3 Discard—Sufficient discard shall be made from each
Nickel
ingottoensurefreedomfrompipingandexcessivesegregation.
. . . . . . 0.70–1.00
4.4 The finished product shall be a hot-worked forging as
Chromium
defined by Specification A788/A788M, and shall be forged as
0.50–0.80 1.40–2.00 0.40–0.65
close as practicable to the finished shape and size.
Molybdenum
0.18–0.28 0.40–0.60 0.40–0.60
5. Heat Treatment
Vanadium
5.1 After forging and before reheating, the forgings shall be
B
... 0.03–0.08
cooled to provide substantially complete transformation of
austenite. Heat treatment for properties shall consist of heating
Titanium
. . . 0.04–0.10 . . .
the forgings to not less than 1650 °F [900 °C], quenching in a
liquid medium, and tempering at 1150 °F
...