ASTM D4065-06
(Practice)Standard Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Determination and Report of Procedures
Standard Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Determination and Report of Procedures
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Dynamic mechanical testing provides a method for determining elastic and loss moduli as a function of temperature, frequency or time, or both. A plot of the elastic modulus and loss modulus of material versus temperature provides a graphical representation of elasticity and damping as a function of temperature or frequency.
This procedure can be used to locate transition temperatures of plastics, that is, changes in the molecular motions of a polymer. In the temperature ranges where significant changes occur, elastic modulus decreases rapidly with increasing temperature (at constant or near constant frequency) or increases with increasing frequency (at constant temperature). A maximum is observed for the loss modulus, as well as for the tan delta curve, in the transition region.
This procedure can be used, for example, to evaluate by comparison to known reference materials or control materials:
5.3.1 Degree of phase separation in multicomponent systems,
5.3.2 Filler type, amount, pretreatment, and dispersion, and
5.3.3 Effects of certain processing treatment.
This procedure can be used to determine the following:
5.4.1 Stiffness of polymer composites, especially as a function of temperature,
5.4.2 Degree of polymer crystallinity, and
5.4.3 Magnitude of triaxial stress state in the rubber phase of rubber modified polymers.
This procedure is useful for quality control, specification acceptance, and research.
Procedural modifications in material specifications take precedence to this practice. Therefore, consult the appropriate material specification before using this practice. Table 1 of Classification System D 4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is for general use in gathering and reporting dynamic mechanical data. It incorporates laboratory practice for determining dynamic mechanical properties of plastic specimens subjected to various oscillatory deformations on a variety of instruments of the type commonly called dynamic mechanical analyzers or dynamic thermomechanical analyzers.
1.2 This practice is intended to provide means of determining the transition temperatures, elastic, and loss moduli of plastics over a range of temperatures, frequencies, or time, by free vibration and resonant or nonresonant forced vibration techniques. Plots of elastic and loss moduli are indicative of the viscoelastic characteristics of a plastic. These moduli are functions of temperature or frequency in plastics, and change rapidly at particular temperatures or frequencies. The regions of rapid moduli change are normally referred to as transition regions.
1.3 The practice is primarily useful when conducted over a range of temperatures from 160C to polymer degradation and is valid for frequencies from 0.01 to 1000 Hz.
1.4 This practice is intended for materials that have an elastic modulus in the range from 0.5 MPa to 100 GPa [73 psi to 1.5 10 7 psi].
1.5 Discrepancies in results are known to arise when obtained under differing experimental conditions. Without changing the observed data, reporting in full (as described in this practice) the conditions under which the data were obtained will enable apparent differences observed in another study to be reconciled. An assumption of this technique is that testing is conducted in the region of linear viscoelastic behavior.
1.6 Different modes of deformation, such as tensile, bending and shear, are used, as listed in the referenced test methods.
1.7 Test data obtained by this practice are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in brackets are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this practice to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the ...
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: D4065 − 06
StandardPractice for
Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Determination and
1
Report of Procedures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4065; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard.Thevaluesgiveninbracketsareforinformationonly.
1.1 This practice is for general use in gathering and report-
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ing dynamic mechanical data. It incorporates laboratory prac-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tice for determining dynamic mechanical properties of plastic
responsibility of the user of this practice to establish appro-
specimens subjected to various oscillatory deformations on a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
variety of instruments of the type commonly called dynamic
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards
mechanicalanalyzersordynamicthermomechanicalanalyzers.
statements are given in Section 8.
1.2 This practice is intended to provide means of determin-
ing the transition temperatures, elastic, and loss moduli of NOTE 1—This practice is equivalent to ISO 6721–1.
plastics over a range of temperatures, frequencies, or time, by
2. Referenced Documents
free vibration and resonant or nonresonant forced vibration
2
techniques.Plotsofelasticandlossmoduliareindicativeofthe
2.1 ASTM Standards:
viscoelastic characteristics of a plastic. These moduli are
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
functions of temperature or frequency in plastics, and change
D4000Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
rapidly at particular temperatures or frequencies. The regions
als
of rapid moduli change are normally referred to as transition
D4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical
regions.
Properties
D4440TestMethodforPlastics:DynamicMechanicalProp-
1.3 The practice is primarily useful when conducted over a
erties Melt Rheology
range of temperatures from−160°C to polymer degradation
D5023TestMethodforPlastics:DynamicMechanicalProp-
and is valid for frequencies from 0.01 to 1000 Hz.
erties: In Flexure (Three-Point Bending)
1.4 This practice is intended for materials that have an
D5024TestMethodforPlastics:DynamicMechanicalProp-
elastic modulus in the range from 0.5 MPa to 100 GPa [73 psi
7 erties: In Compression
to 1.5×10 psi].
D5026TestMethodforPlastics:DynamicMechanicalProp-
1.5 Discrepancies in results are known to arise when ob-
erties: In Tension
tainedunderdifferingexperimentalconditions.Withoutchang-
D5279TestMethodforPlastics:DynamicMechanicalProp-
ing the observed data, reporting in full (as described in this
erties: In Torsion
practice) the conditions under which the data were obtained
D5418TestMethodforPlastics:DynamicMechanicalProp-
will enable apparent differences observed in another study to
erties: In Flexure (Dual Cantilever Beam)
bereconciled.Anassumptionofthistechniqueisthattestingis
E1867TestMethodforTemperatureCalibrationofDynamic
conducted in the region of linear viscoelastic behavior.
Mechanical Analyzers
E2254Test Method for Storage Modulus Calibration of
1.6 Differentmodesofdeformation,suchastensile,bending
Dynamic Mechanical Analyzers
and shear, are used, as listed in the referenced test methods.
E2425Test Method for Loss Modulus Conformance of
1.7 Test data obtained by this practice are relevant and
Dynamic Mechanical Analyzers
appropriate for use in engineering design.
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ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlasticsand
2
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006. Published December 2006. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D4065-01. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D4065-06. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D4065 − 06
2.2 ISO Standard: 5.6 Procedural modifications in material specifications take
ISO6721–1Plastics—DeterminationofDynamicMechani- precedence to this practice. Therefore, consult the a
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