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ASTM E3234-20

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Forensic Paint Analysis Training Program

Standard Practice for Forensic Paint Analysis Training Program

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The procedures outlined herein are grounded in the generally accepted body of knowledge and experience in the field of forensic paint examination and comparison.  
3.2 With successful completion of this paint analysis training program, the trainee gains the theoretical knowledge and practical skills necessary to perform, document, and evaluate forensic paint examinations and comparisons.  
3.3 This training practice covers a variety of instrumental methods which can be used in the analysis of paint. Not all laboratories will have access to all of the instrumentation. It is expected that a paint analysis training program will include all the techniques that are found within a laboratory's procedures for the forensic examination of paint.  
3.3.1 Instrumental methods that provide organic and inorganic analysis capabilities are utilized in the laboratory training program. Examples include Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, pyrolysis gas chromatography (PGC), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
SCOPE
1.1 This document is intended as a practice for use by laboratory personnel responsible for training examiners to perform forensic examinations and comparisons of paint. It contains a list of training objectives with recommended methods of instruction, reading assignments and structured exercises to provide practical experience for the trainee.  
1.1.1 The trainees and training program shall meet or exceed the minimum training requirements set forth in Practice E2917.  
1.1.2 Additional training could be required for a particular method or instrument referred to herein. The application of analytical techniques to paint analysis assumes the trainee is already competent in the use of each particular analytical technique or instrumental method.  
1.1.3 Other sources of information on forensic paint examination not specifically mentioned in this document can be considered and added.  
1.1.4 Additional paint analysis training beyond that which is listed here should be made available to the trainee. Such training could include off-site courses, internships, and specialized training by experienced examiners.  
1.1.5 Continuing education and training is recommended. Additional training provides a forensic paint examiner with the opportunity to remain current in the field.  
1.1.6 Paint samples occasionally are evaluated for physical matches of broken edges. This document does not provide training requirements for physical match comparisons. Additional training is required to conduct this type of analysis.  
1.2 This practice is in a modular format for easy adaptation to an individual laboratory’s training program. Recommendations as to lessons, practical exercises, progress monitoring, and trainee evaluations are included. Reading assignments are listed in each subsequent section of this practice; full citations are available in the References section.  
1.3 A paint analysis training program provides a theoretical foundation and basic practical skills necessary to prepare a trainee to become a qualified forensic paint examiner. At the end of the paint analysis training program, the trainee is capable of forming opinions based upon sound scientific knowledge, appropriate examinations, and practical experience. The trainee also is able to independently work cases, write reports, testify in court, and peer review cases. Upon completion of the program by a trainee or at some regular interval (for example, once per accreditation cycle), the training program should be evaluated for its efficacy and relevance according to the guidance set forth in Practice E2917.  
1.4 This standard practice does not address human factors (for example, cognitive bias). It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to address human factors during the initial or general training of...

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Jan-2020
ICS
03.100.30 - Management of human resources
07.140 - Forensic science
Technical Committee
E30 - Forensic Sciences
Drafting Committee
E30.01 - Criminalistics
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM E3234-20 - Standard Practice for Forensic Paint Analysis Training ProgramASTM E3234-20 - Standard Practice for Forensic Paint Analysis Training Program
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ASTM E3234-20 - Standard Practice for Forensic Paint Analysis Training Program
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E3234 − 20 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
1
Forensic Paint Analysis Training Program
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3234; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope end of the paint analysis training program, the trainee is
capable of forming opinions based upon sound scientific
1.1 This document is intended as a practice for use by
knowledge, appropriate examinations, and practical experi-
laboratory personnel responsible for training examiners to
ence. The trainee also is able to independently work cases,
perform forensic examinations and comparisons of paint. It
write reports, testify in court, and peer review cases. Upon
contains a list of training objectives with recommended meth-
completion of the program by a trainee or at some regular
ods of instruction, reading assignments and structured exer-
interval (for example, once per accreditation cycle), the train-
cises to provide practical experience for the trainee.
ing program should be evaluated for its efficacy and relevance
1.1.1 The trainees and training program shall meet or
according to the guidance set forth in Practice E2917.
exceedtheminimumtrainingrequirementssetforthinPractice
E2917. 1.4 This standard practice does not address human factors
1.1.2 Additional training could be required for a particular (for example, cognitive bias). It is the responsibility of the user
method or instrument referred to herein. The application of of this standard to address human factors during the initial or
analytical techniques to paint analysis assumes the trainee is generaltrainingofaforensicscientist.RefertoPracticeE2917.
already competent in the use of each particular analytical
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
technique or instrumental method.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1.3 Other sources of information on forensic paint exami-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
nation not specifically mentioned in this document can be
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
considered and added.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1.4 Additionalpaintanalysistrainingbeyondthatwhichis
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
listed here should be made available to the trainee. Such
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
trainingcouldincludeoff-sitecourses,internships,andspecial-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ized training by experienced examiners.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1.5 Continuing education and training is recommended.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Additional training provides a forensic paint examiner with the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
opportunity to remain current in the field.
1.1.6 Paint samples occasionally are evaluated for physical
2. Referenced Documents
matches of broken edges. This document does not provide
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
training requirements for physical match comparisons. Addi-
E2917 Practice for Forensic Science Practitioner Training,
tional training is required to conduct this type of analysis.
Continuing Education, and Professional Development
1.2 This practice is in a modular format for easy adaptation
Programs
to an individual laboratory’s training program. Recommenda-
D16 TerminologyforPaint,RelatedCoatings,Materials,and
tions as to lessons, practical exercises, progress monitoring,
Applications
and trainee evaluations are included. Reading assignments are
D1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System
listed in each subsequent section of this practice; full citations
D4764 Test Method for Determination by X-ray Fluores-
are available in the References section.
cence Spectroscopy of Titanium Dioxide Content in Paint
D5380 Test Method for Identification of Crystalline Pig-
1.3 Apaint analysis training program provides a theoretical
ments and Extenders in Paint by X-Ray Diffraction
foundation and basic practical skills necessary to prepare a
Analysis
trainee to become a qualified forensic paint examiner. At the
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Crimina
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The procedures outlined herein are grounded in the generally accepted body of knowledge and experience in the field of forensic tape examination and comparison.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The primary use of these test methods is testing to determine the specified mechanical properties of steel, stainless steel, and related alloy products for the evaluation of conformance of such products to a material specification under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 and its subcommittees as designated by a purchaser in a purchase order or contract.  
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4.1.2 The material condition at the time of testing, sampling frequency, specimen location and orientation, reporting requirements, and other test parameters are contained in the pertinent material specification or in a general requirement specification for the particular product form.  
4.1.3 Some material specifications require the use of additional test methods not described herein; in such cases, the required test method is described in that material specification or by reference to another appropriate test method standard.  
4.2 These test methods are also suitable to be used for testing of steel, stainless steel and related alloy materials for other purposes, such as incoming material acceptance testing by the purchaser or evaluation of components after service exposure.  
4.2.1 As with any mechanical testing, deviations from either specification limits or expected as-manufactured properties can occur for valid reasons besides deficiency of the original as-fabricated product. These reasons include, but are not limited to: subsequent service degradation from environmental exposure (for example, temperature, corrosion); static or cyclic service stress effects, mechanically-induced damage, material inhomogeneity, anisotropic structure, natural aging of select alloys, further processing not included in the specification, sampling limitations, and measuring equipment calibration uncertainty. There is statistical variation in all aspects of mechanical testin...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods2 cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of steels, stainless steels, and related alloys. The various mechanical tests herein described are used to determine properties required in the product specifications. Variations in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing are to be followed to obtain reproducible and comparable results. In those cases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique or at variance with these general procedures, the product specification testing requirements shall control.  
1.2 The following mechanical tests are described:    
Sections  
Tension  
7 to 14  
Bend  
15  
Hardness  
16  
Brinell  
17  
Rockwell  
18  
Portable  
19  
Impact  
20 to 30  
Keywords  
32  
1.3 Annexes covering details peculiar to certain products are appended to these test methods as follows:    
Annex  
Bar Products  
Annex A1  
Tubular Products  
Annex A2  
Fasteners  
Annex A3  
Round Wire Products  
Annex A4  
Significance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing  
Annex A5  
Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to
Equivalents for Flat Specimens  
Annex A6    
Testing Multi-Wire Strand  
Annex A7  
Rounding of Test Data  
Annex A8  
Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars  
Annex A9  
Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-cycle Simulation  
Annex A10  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Using the procedures and apparatus in Sections 8 and 9 and the manufacturer's instructions, pressure-tight joints as strong as the pipe itself can be made between manufacturer-recommended combinations of pipe and fittings. See Specification F1055 for performance requirements of polyethylene electrofusion fittings.
SCOPE
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Note 1: Reference to the manufacturer in this practice refers to the electrofusion fitting manufacturer.  
1.2 The parameters and procedure are applicable only to joining polyethylene pipe and fittings (Note 2) which are intended for PE fuel gas pipe per Specification D2513 and PE potable water, sewer and industrial pipe manufactured per Specification F714, Specification D3035, Specification F2619, and AWWA C901 and C906.
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1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The text of this practice references notes, footnotes, and appendices which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the practice.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to determine the filtering efficiency and the flow rate of the filtration component of a sediment retention device, such as a silt fence, silt barrier, or inlet protector.  
1.1.1 The results are shown as a percentage for filtering efficiency and cubic metres per square metre per minute (m3/m2/min) or gallons per square foot per minute (gal/ft2/min) for flow rate.  
1.1.2 The filtering efficiency indicates the percent of sediment removed from sediment-laden water.  
1.1.3 The flow rate is the average rate of passage of the sediment-laden water through the filtration component of a sediment retention device.  
1.2 This test method requires several specialized pieces of equipment, such as an integrated water sampler and an analytical balance, or a vacuum filtration system. At the client’s discretion, the test soil is either a site-specific soil or a soil that is representative of a target default gradation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are the standard, while the inch-pound units are provided for information. The values expressed in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F2647-07(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Approved Methods of Installing a CVS (Central Vacuum System)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The suggestions of this guide are intended to provide proper installation materials and practices to be used during the installation of a central-vacuum system.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide demonstrates proper methods for installing a central-vacuum system.  
1.2 Appendix X1 contains additional sources of information that may be helpful to the user of this guide.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off