ASTM C830-00(2011)

Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Liquid Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Refractory Shapes by Vacuum Pressure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Apparent porosity, water absorption, apparent specific gravity, and bulk density are primary properties of refractory shapes. These properties are widely used in the evaluation and comparison of product quality and as part of the criteria for selection and use of refractory products in a variety of industrial applications. These test methods are used for determining any or all of these properties and are particularly useful for testing hydratable products.
These test methods are primary standard methods that are suitable for use in quality control, research and development, establishing criteria for and evaluating compliance with specifications, and providing data for design purposes.
Fundamental assumptions inherent in these test methods are:
The test specimens conform to the requirements for size, configuration, and original faces,
The open pores of the test specimens are fully impregnated with liquid during the vacuum-pressure treatment, and
The blotting of the saturated test specimens is performed as specified in a consistent and uniform manner to avoid withdrawing liquid from the pores.
Deviation from any of these assumptions adversely affects the test results.
In laboratory studies involving castable specimen, a bias was noted between formed 2 × 2 × 2 in. (50 × 50 × 50 mm) and specimens quartered from larger 9 × 4.5 × 2.5 in. (228 × 114 × 64 mm) cast specimens. Additionally, an error in the apparent porosity determination was found on castables whenever the specimens were heated to 1500°F (816°C) and then exposed to water as a saturation media. The error was attributed to reactivity of cement with water and subsequent re-hydration of cement phases. The higher the cement level of the castable, the greater the error noted. It was concluded that an error in porosity values could occur for refractory materials having a potential to form hydrated species with water. Testing under the same conditions in kerosene produced results that were believed to b...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the following properties of refractory shapes:
1.1.1 Apparent porosity,
1.1.2 Liquid absorption,
1.1.3 Apparent specific gravity, and
1.1.4 Bulk density.
1.2 These test methods are applicable to all refractory shapes except those that chemically react with both water and mineral spirits. When testing a material capable of hydration or other chemical reaction with water but which does not chemically react with mineral spirits, mineral spirits is substituted for water and appropriate corrections for the density differences are applied when making calculations.
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3.1 Exception—The apparatus used in this standard is only available in SI units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—Test Methods C20 cover procedures for testing properties of refractories that are not attacked by water.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2011
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.03 - Physical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C830-00(2006)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Liquid Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Refractory Shapes by Vacuum Pressure
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2011
• Referred By: ASTM C1407-23 - Standard Practice for Calculating Areas, Volume, and Linear Change of Refractory Shapes
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2011
• Referred By: ASTM C20-00(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Burned Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2011
• Referred By: ASTM C545-97(2022) - Standard Classification of Zircon Refractories
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2011
• Referred By: ASTM C134-95(2023) - Standard Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements, and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating Firebrick
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2011
• Referred By: ASTM C863-00(2022) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Oxidation Resistance of Silicon Carbide Refractories at Elevated Temperatures
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2011
• Referred By: ASTM C1190-18(2022) - Standard Practice for Location of Test Specimens from Magnesia-Carbon and Impregnated Burned Basic Brick
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C830 −00(Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Methods for
Apparent Porosity, Liquid Absorption, Apparent Specific
Gravity, and Bulk Density of Refractory Shapes by Vacuum
1
Pressure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C830; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C20Test Methods forApparent Porosity, WaterAbsorption,
Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Burned
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
following properties of refractory shapes:
C134Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements,
1.1.1 Apparent porosity,
and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating
1.1.2 Liquid absorption,
Firebrick
1.1.3 Apparent specific gravity, and
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.1.4 Bulk density.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.2 These test methods are applicable to all refractory
shapes except those that chemically react with both water and
3. Significance and Use
mineralspirits.Whentestingamaterialcapableofhydrationor
3.1 Apparent porosity, water absorption, apparent specific
other chemical reaction with water but which does not chemi-
gravity, and bulk density are primary properties of refractory
callyreactwithmineralspirits,mineralspiritsissubstitutedfor
shapes. These properties are widely used in the evaluation and
water and appropriate corrections for the density differences
comparison of product quality and as part of the criteria for
are applied when making calculations.
selection and use of refractory products in a variety of
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
industrial applications. These test methods are used for deter-
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
mininganyorallofthesepropertiesandareparticularlyuseful
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
for testing hydratable products.
information only and are not considered standard.
3.2 These test methods are primary standard methods that
1.3.1 Exception—Theapparatususedinthisstandardisonly
are suitable for use in quality control, research and
available in SI units.
development, establishing criteria for and evaluating compli-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ance with specifications, and providing data for design pur-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
poses.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.3 Fundamentalassumptionsinherentinthesetestmethods
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
are:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.3.1 The test specimens conform to the requirements for
NOTE 1—Test Methods C20 cover procedures for testing properties of
size, configuration, and original faces,
refractories that are not attacked by water.
3.3.2 Theopenporesofthetestspecimensarefullyimpreg-
nated with liquid during the vacuum-pressure treatment, and
2. Referenced Documents
3.3.3 The blotting of the saturated test specimens is per-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
formed as specified in a consistent and uniform manner to
avoid withdrawing liquid from the pores.
3.3.4 Deviation from any of these assumptions adversely
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
affects the test results.
Refractories and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical
Properties.
3.4 Inlaboratorystudiesinvolvingcastablespecimen,abias
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2011.PublishedJuly2011.Originallyapproved
´1
wasnotedbetweenformed2×2×2in.(50×50×50mm)and
in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C830–00 (2006) . DOI:
10.1520/C0830-06R11.
specimens quartered from larger 9 × 4.5 × 2.5 in. (228 × 114
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
×64mm)castspecimens.Additionally,anerrorintheapparent
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
porosity determination was found on castables whenever the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. specimenswereheatedto1500°F(816°C)andthenexposedto
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C830−00(Reapproved 2011)
water as a saturation media. The error was attributed to
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C830−00 (2011)
reactivityofcementwithwaterandsubsequentre-hydrationof 5.1.2 The drying procedure may be omitted only when th
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