ASTM D7455-14
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sample Preparation of Petroleum and Lubricant Products for Elemental Analysis
Standard Practice for Sample Preparation of Petroleum and Lubricant Products for Elemental Analysis
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Crude oil, petroleum, petroleum products, additives, and lubricants are routinely analyzed for their elemental content such as chlorine, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and various metals using a variety of analytical techniques. Some of these test methods require little to no sample preparation; some others require only simple dilutions; while others require elaborate sample decomposition before the product is analyzed for its elemental content.
4.2 Fairly often it can be shown that the round robin results by a co-operator are all biased with respect to those from other laboratories. Presumably, the failure to follow good laboratory practices and instructions in the test methods can be a causal factor of such errors. A further consequence is an unnecessarily large reproducibility estimate or the data being dropped from the study as an outlier.
4.3 Uniform practice for sample preparation is beneficial in standardizing the procedures and obtaining consistent results across the laboratories.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers different means by which petroleum product and lubricant samples may be prepared before the measurement of their elemental content using different analytical techniques.
1.2 This practice includes only the basic steps for generally encountered sample types. Anything out of the ordinary may require special procedures. See individual test methods for instructions to handle such situations.
1.3 This practice is not a substitute for a thorough understanding of the actual test method to be used, caveats the test method contains, and additional sample preparation that may be required.
1.4 The user should not expand the scope of the test methods to materials or concentrations outside the scope of the test methods being used without thoroughly understanding the implications of such deviations.
1.5 This practice may also be applicable to sample preparation of non-petroleum based bio-fuels for elemental analysis. Currently, work is ongoing in ASTM Subcommittee D02.03; as information becomes available, it will be added to this standard.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D7455 − 14
Standard Practice for
Sample Preparation of Petroleum and Lubricant Products
1
for Elemental Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7455; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This practice covers different means by which petro- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
leumproductandlubricantsamplesmaybepreparedbeforethe C1234 Practice for Preparation of Oils and Oily Waste
measurement of their elemental content using different analyti- Samples by High-Pressure, High-Temperature Digestion
cal techniques. for Trace Element Determinations
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
1.2 This practice includes only the basic steps for generally
Atmospheric Pressure
encountered sample types. Anything out of the ordinary may
D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
require special procedures. See individual test methods for
eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
instructions to handle such situations.
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
1.3 This practice is not a substitute for a thorough under-
D808 Test Method for Chlorine in New and Used Petroleum
standing of the actual test method to be used, caveats the test
Products (High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
method contains, and additional sample preparation that may
D874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils
be required.
and Additives
1.4 The user should not expand the scope of the test D1018 Test Method for Hydrogen In Petroleum Fractions
D1091 Test Methods for Phosphorus in Lubricating Oils and
methods to materials or concentrations outside the scope of the
test methods being used without thoroughly understanding the Additives
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp
implications of such deviations.
Method)
1.5 This practice may also be applicable to sample prepa-
D1318 Test Method for Sodium in Residual Fuel Oil (Flame
ration of non-petroleum based bio-fuels for elemental analysis.
Photometric Method)
Currently,workisongoinginASTMSubcommitteeD02.03;as
1
D1548 Test Method for Vanadium in Heavy Fuel Oil
information becomes available, it will be added to this stan-
3
(Withdrawn 1997)
dard.
D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (High-
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Temperature Method)
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
standard.
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the D2784 Test Method for Sulfur in Liquefied Petroleum Gases
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the (Oxy-Hydrogen Burner or Lamp)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. lometry
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
mittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published May 2014. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D7455 – 08. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D7455-14. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7455 − 14
D3228 Test Method for Total Nitrogen in Lubricating Oils Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry, and
and Fuel Oils by Modified Kjeldahl Method Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
D3230 Test Method for Salts in Crude Oil (Electrometric D5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination of
Method)
Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by
D3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in Gasoline
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-
D3237 TestMethodforLeadinGasolinebyAtomicAbsorp-
etry (ICP-AES)
tion Spectroscopy
D5291 Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of
D3246 Test Method
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7455 − 08 D7455 − 14
Standard Practice for
Sample Preparation of Petroleum and Lubricant Products
1
for Elemental Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7455; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice covers different means by which petroleum product and lubricant samples may be prepared before the
measurement of their elemental content using different analytical techniques.
1.2 This practice includes only the basic steps for generally encountered sample types. Anything out of the ordinary may require
special procedures. See individual test methods for instructions to handle such situations.
1.3 This practice is not a substitute for a thorough understanding of the actual test method to be used, caveats the test method
contains, and additional sample preparation that may be required.
1.4 The user should not expand the scope of the test methods to materials or concentrations outside the scope of the test methods
being used without thoroughly understanding the implications of such deviations.
1.5 This practice may also be applicable to sample preparation of non-petroleum based bio-fuels for elemental analysis.
Currently, work is ongoing in ASTM Subcommittee D02.03; as information becomes available, it will be added to this standard.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1234 Practice for Preparation of Oils and Oily Waste Samples by High-Pressure, High-Temperature Digestion for Trace
Element Determinations
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
D808 Test Method for Chlorine in New and Used Petroleum Products (High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
D874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils and Additives
D1018 Test Method for Hydrogen In Petroleum Fractions
D1091 Test Methods for Phosphorus in Lubricating Oils and Additives
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)
D1318 Test Method for Sodium in Residual Fuel Oil (Flame Photometric Method)
1 3
D1548 Test Method for Vanadium in Heavy Fuel Oil (Withdrawn 1997)
D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (High-Temperature Method)
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D2784 Test Method for Sulfur in Liquefied Petroleum Gases (Oxy-Hydrogen Burner or Lamp)
D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcoulometry
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
Current edition approved May 1, 2008May 1, 2014. Published June 2008May 2014. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D7455 – 08.
DOI: 10.1520/D7455-08.10.1520/D7455-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7455 − 14
D3228 Test Method for Total Nitrogen in Lubricating Oils and Fuel Oils by Modified Kjeldahl Method
D3230 Test Method for Salts in Crude Oil (Electrometric Method)
D3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in Gasoline
D3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic
...
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