ASTM D2171-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum Capillary Viscometer
Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum Capillary Viscometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The viscosity at 60°C (140°F) characterizes flow behavior and may be used for specification requirements for cutbacks and asphalt binders.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of viscosity of asphalt binder (bitumen) by vacuum capillary viscometers at 60°C (140°F). It is applicable to materials having viscosities in the range from 0.0036 to over 20 000 Pa · s (0.036 to over 200 000 P).
Note 1—This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures, but the precision is based on determinations on asphalt binders at 60°C (140°F).
1.2 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, into your state may be prohibited by state law.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D2171 – 07
Designation: 222/84 (89)
Standard Test Method for
1
Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum Capillary Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2171; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committees and accepted by the cooperating societies in accordance with
established procedures.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determina- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
tion of viscosity of asphalt binder (bitumen) by vacuum E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
capillary viscometers at 60°C (140°F). It is applicable to E11 SpecificationforWovenWireTestSieveClothandTest
materials having viscosities in the range from 0.0036 to over Sieves
20 000 Pa · s (0.036 to over 200 000 P). E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
mometers
NOTE 1—This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures, but
the precision is based on determinations on asphalt binders at 60°C
3. Terminology
(140°F).
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United
3.1.1 Newtonian liquid—a liquid in which the rate of shear
States Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA) and many state
is proportional to the shearing stress. The constant ratio of the
agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous
shearing stress to the rate of shear is the viscosity of the liquid.
system,kidneyandliverdamage.Mercury,oritsvapor,maybe
If the ratio is not constant, the liquid is non-Newtonian.
hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should
3.1.2 viscosity—the ratio between the applied shear stress
be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing
and rate of shear is called the coefficient of viscosity. This
products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data
coefficient is thus a measure of the resistance to flow of the
Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://
liquid. It is commonly called the viscosity of the liquid. The SI
www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information.
2
unit of viscosity is 1 Pa·s(1 N·s/m ) and is called a
Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-
Pascal-second. The cgs unit of viscosity is 1 g/cm·s (1
containing products, or both, into your state may be prohibited
2
dyne·s/cm ) and is called a poise (P). 1 Pa·sis equivalent to
by state law.
10 P.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Summary of Test Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 The time is measured for a fixed volume of the liquid to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
be drawn up through a capillary tube by means of vacuum,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
under closely controlled conditions of vacuum and tempera-
ture. The viscosity in Pascal-seconds is calculated by multi-
plying the flow time in seconds by the viscometer calibration
factor.
NOTE 2—The rate of shear decreases as the liquid moves up the tube,
1
or it can also be varied by the use of different vacuum or different size
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.44 on
Rheological Tests. In the IP this test method is under the jurisdiction of the
2
Standardization Committee. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D2171 – 01. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D2171-07. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D2171 – 07
FIG. 1 Suggested Vacuum System for Vacuum Capillary Viscometers
viscometers. Thus, this method is suitable for the measurement of
pressure of the gas in the expansion chamber will be higher or
viscosities of Newtonian (simple) and non-Newtonian (complex) liquids.
lower than during standardization, and may cause high or low
readings on the thermometer. Thermometric devices for this
5. Significance and Use
test method must be standardized at least every 6 months.
5.1 The
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2171–01 Designation: D 2171 – 07
Designation: 222/84 (89)
Standard Test Method for
1
Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum Capillary Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2171; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committees and accepted by the cooperating societies in accordance with
established procedures.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of viscosity of asphalt binder (bitumen) by vacuum capillary
viscometers at 60°C (140°F). It is applicable to materials having viscosities in the range from 0.0036 to over 20 000 Pa · s (0.036
to over 200 000 P).
NOTE1—This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures, but the precision is based on determinations on asphalt cements at 60°C (140°F).
1.2 1—This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures, but the precision is based on determinations on asphalt binders
at 60°C (140°F).
1.2 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state
agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be
hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products.
See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/
faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, into your
state may be prohibited by state law.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E 1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E 11 Specification for Wire- Cloth and Sieves for Testing Purposes
E 77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Newtonian liquid—a liquid in which the rate of shear is proportional to the shearing stress. The constant ratio of the
shearing stress to the rate of shear is the viscosity of the liquid. If the ratio is not constant, the liquid is non-Newtonian.
3.1.2 viscosity—the ratio between the applied shear stress and rate of shear is called the coefficient of viscosity. This coefficient
is thus a measure of the resistance to flow of the liquid. It is commonly called the viscosity of the liquid. The SI unit of viscosity
2 2
is1Pa·s(1 N·s/m ) and is called a Pascal-second. The cgs unit of viscosity is 1 g/cm·s (1 dyne·s/cm ) and is called a poise (P).
1Pa·sis equivalent to 10 P.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD04onRoadandPavingMaterialsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD04.44onRheological
Tests. In the IP this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee.
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2001. Published October 2001. Originally published as D2171–63 T. Last previous edition D2171–94.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 2171 – 01.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 14.03.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2171–07
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The time is measured for a fixed volume of the liquid to be drawn up through a capillary tube by means of vacuum, under
closely controlled conditions of vacuum and temperature. The viscosity in Pascal-seconds is calculated by multiplying the flow
time in seconds by the viscometer calibration factor.
NOTE 2—The rate of shear decreases as the liquid moves up the tube, or
...
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