ASTM E1476-04(2022)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Metals Identification, Grade Verification, and Sorting
Standard Guide for Metals Identification, Grade Verification, and Sorting
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A major concern of metals producers, warehouses, and users is to establish and maintain the identity of metals from melting to their final application. This involves the use of standard quality assurance practices and procedures throughout the various stages of manufacturing and processing, at warehouses and materials receiving, and during fabrication and final installation of the product. These practices typically involve standard chemical analyses and physical tests to meet product acceptance standards, which are slow. Several pieces from a production run are usually destroyed or rendered unusable through mechanical and chemical testing, and the results are used to assess the entire lot using statistical methods. Statistical quality assurance methods are usually effective; however, mixed grades, off-chemistry, and nonstandard physical properties remain the primary causes for claims in the metals industry. A more comprehensive verification of product properties is necessary. Nondestructive means are available to supplement conventional metals grade verification techniques, and to monitor chemical and physical properties at selected production stages, in order to assist in maintaining the identities of metals and their consistency in mechanical properties.
4.2 Nondestructive methods have the potential for monitoring grade during production on a continuous or statistical basis, for monitoring properties such as hardness and case depth, and for verifying the effectiveness of heat treatment, cold-working, and the like. They are quite often used in the field for solving problems involving off-grade and mixed-grade materials.
4.3 The nondestructive methods covered in this guide provide both direct and indirect responses to the sample being evaluated. Spectrometric analysis instruments respond to the presence and percents of alloying constituents. The electromagnetic (eddy current) and thermoelectric methods, on the other hand, are among those that respond to pr...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for tutorial purposes only. It describes the general requirements, methods, and procedures for the nondestructive identification and sorting of metals.
1.2 It provides guidelines for the selection and use of methods suited to the requirements of particular metals sorting or identification problems.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 10.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:E1476 −04 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Guide for
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Metals Identification, Grade Verification, and Sorting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1476; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E572TestMethodforAnalysisofStainlessandAlloySteels
byWavelengthDispersiveX-RayFluorescenceSpectrom-
1.1 This guide is intended for tutorial purposes only. It
etry
describes the general requirements, methods, and procedures
E703PracticeforElectromagnetic(EddyCurrent)Sortingof
for the nondestructive identification and sorting of metals.
Nonferrous Metals
1.2 It provides guidelines for the selection and use of
E977Practice for Thermoelectric Sorting of Electrically
methods suited to the requirements of particular metals sorting
Conductive Materials
or identification problems.
F355TestMethodforImpactAttenuationofPlayingSurface
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Systems, Other Protective Sport Systems, and Materials
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Used for Athletics, Recreation and Play
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
F1156Terminology Relating to Product Counterfeit Protec-
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priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
tion Systems (Withdrawn 2001)
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
For specific precautionary statements, see Section 10.
3. Terminology
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1 Definitions—Terms used in this guide are defined in the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
standards cited in Section 2 and in current technical literature
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
or dictionaries; however, because a number of terms that are
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
used generally in nondestructive testing have meanings or
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
carry implications unique to metal sorting, they appear with
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
explanation in Appendix X1.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Significance and Use
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
E158Practice for Fundamental Calculations to Convert
4.1 A major concern of metals producers, warehouses, and
Intensities into Concentrations in Optical Emission Spec-
users is to establish and maintain the identity of metals from
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trochemical Analysis (Withdrawn 2004)
melting to their final application. This involves the use of
E305 Practice for Establishing and Controlling Spark
standardqualityassurancepracticesandproceduresthroughout
Atomic Emission Spectrochemical Analytical Curves
the various stages of manufacturing and processing, at ware-
E322Test Method for Analysis of Low-Alloy Steels and
housesandmaterialsreceiving,andduringfabricationandfinal
CastIronsbyWavelengthDispersiveX-RayFluorescence
installation of the product. These practices typically involve
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Spectrometry (Withdrawn 2021)
standard chemical analyses and physical tests to meet product
E566Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy Current/Magnetic
acceptance standards, which are slow. Several pieces from a
Induction) Sorting of Ferrous Metals
production run are usually destroyed or rendered unusable
through mechanical and chemical testing, and the results are
usedtoassesstheentirelotusingstatisticalmethods.Statistical
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This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc-
quality assurance methods are usually effective; however,
tiveTesting and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.10 on Specialized
NDT Methods. mixed grades, off-chemistry, and nonstandard physical proper-
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally
ties remain the primary causes for claims in the metals
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E1476–04(2014).
industry. A more comprehensive verification of product prop-
DOI: 10.1520/E1476-04R22.
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erties is necessary. Nondestructive means are available to
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
supplement conventional metals grade verification techniques,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
and to monitor chemical and physical properties at selected
the ASTM website.
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production stages, in order to assist in maintaining the identi-
The la
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