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ASTM D2699-06

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Research O.N., except that this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates. The sample fuel is tested using a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The O.N. scale is defined by the volumetric composition of PRF blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more PRF blends. The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample fuel establishes the Research O.N.
1.2 The O.N. scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 Research O.N. Typical commercial fuels produced for spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 Research O.N. range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Research O.N. range.
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section , , , , , , , ( 7), , ( 6) and (9), , , , , , , and .

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2005
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.01 - Combustion Characteristics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2699-04a - Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
01-Jan-2006
Replaced By
ASTM D2699-06a - Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
15-Feb-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7589-16e1 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in Sequence VID Spark Ignition Engine<rangeref></rangeref >
Effective Date
01-Jan-2006
Referred By
ASTM D8340-22 - Standard Practice for Performance-Based Qualification of Spectroscopic Analyzer Systems
Effective Date
01-Jan-2006
Referred By
ASTM D6122-22 - Standard Practice for Validation of the Performance of Multivariate Online, At-Line, Field and Laboratory Infrared Spectrophotometer, and Raman Spectrometer Based Analyzer Systems
Effective Date
01-Jan-2006
Referred By
ASTM D8111-23a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIH, Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
01-Jan-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7320-18e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIG, Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
01-Jan-2006
Referred By
ASTM D8275-22 - Standard Specification for Gasoline-like Test Fuel for Compression-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
01-Jan-2006
Referred By
ASTM D6593-18e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
Effective Date
01-Jan-2006
Referred By
ASTM D6227-18(2023) - Standard Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Containing a Non-hydrocarbon Component
Effective Date
01-Jan-2006
Referred By
ASTM D8114-23 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in Sequence VIE Spark Ignition
Effective Date
01-Jan-2006
Referred By
ASTM D8226-21ae1 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in Sequence VIF Spark Ignition Engine<rangeref></rangeref >
Effective Date
01-Jan-2006
Referred By
ASTM D1310-14(2021) - Standard Test Method for Flash Point and Fire Point of Liquids by Tag Open-Cup Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Jan-2006
Referred By
ASTM D8291-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Performance of Automotive Engine Oils in the Mitigation of Low-Speed, Preignition in the Sequence IX Gasoline Turbocharged Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
01-Jan-2006
Referred By
ASTM D2885-21 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct Comparison Technique
Effective Date
01-Jan-2006

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ASTM D2699-06 - Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 2699 – 06
Designation: 237/87
Standard Test Method for
1
Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2699; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope A2.3.9, A2.4.8, A3.2.7.2 (7), A4.2.3.1, A4.2.3.3 (6) and (9),
A4.3.5, X2.3.7, X3.2.3.1, X3.3.4.1, X3.3.9.3, X3.3.11.4, and
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative
X3.5.1.8.
determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition
engine fuel in terms of Research O.N., except that this test
2. Referenced Documents
methodmaynotbeapplicabletofuelandfuelcomponentsthat
3
2 2.1 ASTM Standards:
are primarily oxygenates. The sample fuel is tested using a
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable com-
D1744 Test Method for Determination of Water in Liquid
pression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with
4
Petroleum Products by Karl Fischer Reagent
adefinedsetofoperatingconditions.TheO.N.scaleisdefined
D2268 Test Method forAnalysis of High-Purity n-Heptane
bythevolumetriccompositionofPRFblends.Thesamplefuel
and Isooctane by Capillary Gas Chromatography
knockintensityiscomparedtothatofoneormorePRFblends.
D2360 Test Method for Trace Impurities in Monocyclic
The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample
Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography
fuel establishes the Research O.N.
D2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-
1.2 The O.N. scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane
Ignition Engine Fuel
number but this test method has a working range from 40 to
D2885 Test Method for Determination of Octane Number
120 Research O.N. Typical commercial fuels produced for
of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct Com-
spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 Research O.N.
parison Technique
range.Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream
D3703 Test Method for Peroxide Number of Aviation
materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the
Turbine Fuels
Research O.N. range.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units
Petroleum Products
and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine
Products, and Lubricants
measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
oftheextensiveandexpensivetoolingthathasbeencreatedfor
Petroleum Products
this equipment.
D4814 SpecificationforAutomotiveSpark-IgnitionEngine
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Fuel
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Volatility Measurement
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
E1 Specification forASTM Liquid-in-GlassThermometers
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
statements, see Section 8, 13.4.1, 14.5.1, 15.6.1, Annex A1,
etry
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
D02.01 on Combustion Characteristics.
3
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2006. Published February 2006. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D2699–04a. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
Motor O.N., determined usingTest Method D2700, is a companion method to Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
provide a similar but typically lower octane rating under more severe operating the ASTM website.
4
conditions. Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2699–06
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics for sample and reference fuels is determined using the falling
E542 Practice for Calibration of Laboratory Volumetric level technique that changes carburetor fuel level from a high
Apparatus orrichmixtureconditiontoaloworleanmixturecondition,at
5
2.2 ANSI Standard: a con
...

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5.1 The analysis of trace oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition engine fuel has become routine in certain areas to ensure compliance whenever oxygenated fuels are used. In addition, test methods to measure trace levels of oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition fuel are necessary to assess product quality.
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1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
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5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
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1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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5.2 This test method provides a simple and more precise alternative to existing test methods, specifically combustion techniques (Test Methods D5291) for determining the hydrogen content on a range of petroleum products.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the hydrogen content of petroleum products ranging from atmospheric distillates to vacuum residua using a continuous wave, low-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. (Test Method D3701 is the preferred method for determining the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.)  
1.2 Three test methods are included here that account for the special characteristics of different petroleum products and apply to the following distillation ranges:    
Test Method  
Petroleum Products  
Boiling Range, °C (°F)
(approximate)  
A  
Light Distillates  
15–260 (60–500)  
B  
Middle Distillates  
200–370 (400–700)  
Gas Oils  
370–510 (700–950)  
C  
Residua  
510+ (950+ )  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. The preferred units are mass %.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7.2 and 7.4.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8252-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Vanadium and Nickel in Crude and Residual Oil by X-ray Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a rapid and precise elemental measurement with simple sample preparation. Typical analysis times are approximately 4 min to 5 min per sample with a preparation time of approximately 1 min to 3 min per sample.  
5.2 The quality of crude oil is related to the amount of sulfur present. Knowledge of the vanadium and nickel concentration is necessary for processing purposes as well as contractual agreements.  
5.3 The presence of vanadium and nickel presents significant risks for contamination of the cracking catalysts in the refining process.  
5.4 This test method provides a means of determining whether the vanadium and nickel content of crude meets the operational limits of the refinery and whether the metal content will have a deleterious effect on the refining process or when used as a fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of total vanadium and nickel in crude and residual oil in the concentration ranges shown in Table 1 using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.  
1.2 Sulfur is measured for analytical purposes only for the compensation of X-ray absorption matrix effects affecting the vanadium and nickel X-rays. For measurement of sulfur by standard test method use Test Methods D4294, D2622 or other suitable standard test method for sulfur in crude and residual oils.  
1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive detection system or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductor detector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent and near-adjacent elements.  
1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6.1 The preferred concentrations units are mg/kg for vanadium and nickel.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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