ASTM D4051-10

Standard Practice for Preparation of Low-Pressure Gas Blends

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The laboratory preparation of gas blends of known composition is required to provide primary standards for the calibration of chromatographic and other types of analytical instrumentation.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a laboratory procedure for the preparation of low-pressure multicomponent gas blends. The technique is applicable to the blending of components at percent levels and can be extended to lower concentrations by performing dilutions of a previously prepared base blend. The maximum blend pressure obtainable is dependent upon the range of the manometer used, but ordinarily is about 101 kPa (760 mm Hg). Components must not be condensable at the maximum blend pressure.
1.2 The possible presence of small leaks in the manifold blending system will preclude applicability of the method to blends containing part per million concentrations of oxygen or nitrogen.
1.3 This practice is restricted to those compounds that do not react with each other, the manifold, or the blend cylinder.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2010
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.04.0A - Preparation of Standard Hydrocarbon Blends

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4051-99(2004) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Low-Pressure Gas Blends
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D3612-02(2017) - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Gases Dissolved in Electrical Insulating Oil by Gas Chromatography
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D2505-88(2015) - Standard Test Method for Ethylene, Other Hydrocarbons, and Carbon Dioxide in High-Purity Ethylene by Gas Chromatography
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4051 − 10
StandardPractice for
1
Preparation of Low-Pressure Gas Blends
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4051; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Significance and Use
3.1 The laboratory preparation of gas blends of known
1.1 This practice covers a laboratory procedure for the
composition is required to provide primary standards for the
preparation of low-pressure multicomponent gas blends. The
calibration of chromatographic and other types of analytical
technique is applicable to the blending of components at
instrumentation.
percent levels and can be extended to lower concentrations by
performing dilutions of a previously prepared base blend. The
4. Apparatus
maximum blend pressure obtainable is dependent upon the
4.1 Blending Manifold—Construct manifold as shown in
range of the manometer used, but ordinarily is about 101 kPa
Fig. 1. Details of construction are not critical; that is, glass,
(760 mm Hg). Components must not be condensable at the
pipe, or tubing with welded or compression fittings may be
maximum blend pressure.
used. The manifold must be leak free and arranged for
convenience of operation. More than one feedstock connection
1.2 The possible presence of small leaks in the manifold
point may be included if desired. Connections to the pump and
blending system will preclude applicability of the method to
manometershallfollowacceptedvacuumpractice.Valvesshall
blends containing part per million concentrations of oxygen or
have large enough apertures to permit adequate pumping in a
nitrogen.
reasonable length of time.
1.3 This practice is restricted to those compounds that do
4.1.1 Thefinishedmanifoldshallhavealeakratenogreater
not react with each other, the manifold, or the blend cylinder.
than 1 mm Hg/h (0.133 kPa/h).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.2 Gauge, a well-type manometer such as the Meriam
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Model 30EB25 (see Note 1).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NOTE 1—Ahigh-vacuum gauge of the McLeod Manostat type pressure
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
transducer ora0to2bar (absolute) gauge may be included in the
manifold system to determine how well the system has been evacuated.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2.1 Alternatively, an electronic pressure gauge may be
2. Summary of Practice
used in place of a manometer.
4.3 Pump, high-vacuum, two-stage, capable of pumping
2.1 Through the use of a blending manifold, the blend
–4
down to a pressure of 1.33×10 kPa (0.1 µm).
components are combined based upon partial pressure. Com-
ponentsareaddedinorderofascendingvaporpressure;thatis,
5. Reagents and Materials
components of lowest vapor pressure are added first, with the
5.1 Blend Components, high-purity, as required depending
exception that components at concentrations of 5% or less
on the composition of the proposed blend.
would usually be added first. Compressibility factors are
applied to the component partial pressures to convert them
5.2 Nitrogen, high purity, as required, for purging and for
from ideal to real gas. The real partial pressures, which are
balance gas, where applicable.
proportional to gas volumes, are normalized to give mol
6. Procedure
percent composition of the blend.
6.1 ConnecttheblendcylindertothemanifoldatpositionA
(seeFig.1forvalveandpositiondesignations).Openvalves1,
1 2, 3, and 6 and evacuate the manifold system thoroughly.
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
ProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD02.04.0A
Valves 4 and 5 are closed.
on Preparation of Standard Hydrocarbon Blends.
NOTE2—AMcLeodManostattypegaugemaybeusedatvarioustimes
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2010.PublishedJuly2010.Originallyapproved
in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4051–99(2004). DOI: during the procedure to determine how well the system has been
10.1520/D4051-10. evacuated and to indicate if there are leaks present. Otherwise, a steady
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D4051 − 10
FIG. 1 Manifold System
state condition of the manometer or electronic pressure gauge reading can NOTE 3—All additions should be made slowly to avoid temperature
be taken as an indication that an acceptable vacuum has been at
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4051–99 (Reapproved 2004) Designation: D4051 – 10
Standard Practice for
1
Preparation of Low-Pressure Gas Blends
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4051; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers a laboratory procedure for the preparation of low-pressure multicomponent gas blends. The technique
is applicable to the blending of components at percent levels and can be extended to lower concentrations by performing dilutions
of a previously prepared base blend. The maximum blend pressure obtainable is dependent upon the range of the manometer used,
but ordinarily is about 101 kPa (760 mm Hg). Components must not be condensable at the maximum blend pressure.
1.2 The possible presence of small leaks in the manifold blending system will preclude applicability of the method to blends
containing part per million concentrations of oxygen or nitrogen.
1.3 This practice is restricted to those compounds that do not react with each other, the manifold, or the blend cylinder.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Summary of Practice
2.1 Through the use of a blending manifold, the blend components are combined based upon partial pressure. Components are
added in order of ascending vapor pressure; that is, components of lowest vapor pressure are added first, with the exception that
components at concentrations of 5 % or less would usually be added first. Compressibility factors are applied to the component
partial pressures to convert them from ideal to real gas. The real partial pressures, which are proportional to gas volumes, are
normalized to give mol percent composition of the blend.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The laboratory preparation of gas blends of known composition is required to provide primary standards for the calibration
of chromatographic and other types of analytical instrumentation.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Blending Manifold—Construct manifold as shown in Fig. 1. Details of construction are not critical; that is, glass, pipe, or
tubing with welded or compression fittings may be used. The manifold must be leak free and arranged for convenience of
operation. More than one feedstock connection point may be included if desired. Connections to the pump and manometer shall
follow accepted vacuum practice. Valves shall have large enough apertures to permit adequate pumping in a reasonable length of
time.
4.1.1 The finished manifold shall have a leak rate no greater than 1 mm Hg/h (0.133 kPa/h).
4.2Gage, open manometer, vacuum, or pressure, consisting of a full-length U-tube mounted on a vertically adjustable meter
scale.
4.2 Gauge, a well-type manometer such as the Meriam Model 30EB25 (see Note 1).
NOTE1—A well-type manometer such as the Miriam Model 30EB25 may be used in place of the U-tube manometer.
NOTE2—A high-vacuum gage of the McLeod Manostat type pressure transducer ora0to2bar (absolute) may be included in the manifold system to
determine how well the system has been evacuated.
4.2.1Alternatively, an electronic pressure gage may be used in place of a mercury manometer. 1—Ahigh-vacuum gauge of the
McLeod Manostat type pressure transducer ora0to2bar (absolute) gauge may be included in the manifold system to determine
how well the system has been evacuated.
4.2.1 Alternatively, an electronic pressure gauge may be used in place of a manometer.
–4
4.3 Pump, high-vacuum, two-stage, capable of pumping down to a pressure of 1.33 3 10 kPa (0.1 µm).
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.04.0A on
Preparation of Standard Hydrocarbon Analysis.Blends.
Current edition approved May 1, 2004.2010. Published May 2004.July 2010. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 19992004 as
D4051–99.D4051–99(2004). DOI: 10.1520/D4051-99R04.10.1520/D4051-10.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
...