ASTM F2230-08
(Guide)Standard Guide for In-situ Burning of Oil Spills on Water: Ice Conditions
Standard Guide for In-situ Burning of Oil Spills on Water: Ice Conditions
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is meant to aid local and regional spill response teams during spill response planning and spill events.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide addresses in-situ burning as a response tool for oil spills occurring on waters with ice present.
1.2 There are several methods of control or cleanup of spilled oil. In-situ burning, mechanical recovery, dispersant application or natural recovery are the usual options available.
1.3 The purpose of this guide is to provide the user with general information on in-situ burning in ice conditions as a means of controlling and removing spilled oil. It is intended as a reference to plan an in-situ burn of spilled oil.
1.4 This guide outlines procedures and describes some equipment that can be used to accomplish an in-situ burn in ice conditions. The guide includes a description of typical ice situations where in-situ burning of oil has been found to be effective.
1.5 In making in-situ burn decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. Specific precautionary information is given in Section 8. Guide F 1788 addresses operational considerations.
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Designation: F2230 − 08
StandardGuide for
1
In-situ Burning of Oil Spills on Water: Ice Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2230; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope F1990 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Spilled Oil: Ignition
Devices
1.1 This guide addresses in-situ burning as a response tool
F2152 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Spilled Oil: Fire-
for oil spills occurring on waters with ice present.
Resistant Boom
1.2 There are several methods of control or cleanup of
spilled oil. In-situ burning, mechanical recovery, dispersant
3. Terminology
application or natural recovery are the usual options available.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 The purpose of this guide is to provide the user with
3.1.1 brash ice—floating ice fragments less than 2 m across.
general information on in-situ burning in ice conditions as a
3.1.2 close pack ice—pack ice with concentration of 7/10 to
means of controlling and removing spilled oil. It is intended as
8/10 (fraction of a whole).
a reference to plan an in-situ burn of spilled oil.
3.1.3 fast ice—ice attached to the shoreline.
1.4 This guide outlines procedures and describes some
3.1.4 fire-resistant boom (FR)—boom designed to contain
equipment that can be used to accomplish an in-situ burn in ice
burning oil.
conditions. The guide includes a description of typical ice
3.1.5 fracture or lead—any break or rupture through very
situations where in-situ burning of oil has been found to be
close pack ice, compact pack ice, fast ice, or a single floe.
effective.
3.1.6 frazil or grease ice—icecrystalsformingonsurfaceof
1.5 In making in-situ burn decisions, appropriate govern-
water, ice, or melt pools.
ment authorities should be consulted as required by law.
3.1.7 fresh oil—oilrecentlyspilled,remainingun-weathered
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
and un-emulsified.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.8 ice coverage—a combination of ice pans, ice chunks,
standard.
bergy bits covering 10 % to near 100 % coverage of water
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
surface, more accurately described using other terms in this
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
section such as close pack ice, open water, and so forth.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.9 in-situ-burning—burning of oil directly on the water
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use. Specific precau- surface.
tionary information is given in Section 8. Guide F1788
3.1.10 melt pools—accumulations of melt water on the
addresses operational considerations.
surface of ice during thawing.
3.1.11 open drift ice—ice concentration of 4/10 to 6/10.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.12 open water—less than 1/10 ice concentration.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.13 residue—the material, excluding airborne emissions,
F1788 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Oil Spills on Water:
remaining after the oil stops burning.
Environmental and Operational Considerations
3.1.14 rotten ice—sea ice that has become honeycombed
and is disintegrating.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
3.1.15 very close pack ice—pack ice with concentration of
Substances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F20.15 on In-Situ Burning. 9/10 to 10/10.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally
3.1.16 very open drift ice—iceconcentrationof1/10to3/10.
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F2230 – 02. DOI:
10.1520/F2230-08.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 4. Significance and Use
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.1 This guide is meant to aid local and regional spill
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. response teams during spill response planning and spill events.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F2230 − 08
TABLE 1 Burn Strategies for Different Arctic Conditions
Type of Waters Status of Oil Burnability
Marine Coastal Waters
Open water (0/10 to 1/10) Contained fire-resistant(FR) boom Burn oil in boom
Very open drift ice (1/10 to 3/10) Possibly contained by FR boom Burn oil in boom
Open drift ice (4/10 to 6/10) Herded by wind or co
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F2230–02 Designation:F2230–08
Standard Guide for
1
In-situ Burning of Oil Spills on Water: Ice Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2230; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide addresses in-situ burning as a response tool for oil spills occurring on waters with ice present.
1.2 There are several methods of control or cleanup of spilled oil. In-situ burning, mechanical recovery, dispersant application
or natural recovery are the usual options available.
1.3 The purpose of this guide is to provide the user with general information on in-situ burning in ice conditions as a means
of controlling and removing spilled oil. It is intended as a reference to plan an in-situ burn of spilled oil.
1.4 This guide outlines procedures and describes some equipment that can be used to accomplish an in-situ burn in ice
conditions. The guide includes a description of typical ice situations where in-situ burning of oil has been found to be effective.
1.5 In making in-situ burn decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.
1.6
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
requirements prior to use. Specific precautionary information is given in Section 8. Guide F 1788 addresses operational
considerations.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F 1788Guide for Burning of Oil Spills on Water: Environmental and Operational Consideration Guide for In-Situ Burning of
Oil Spills on Water: Environmental and Operational Considerations
F 1990 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Spilled Oil: Ignition Devices
F 2152 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Spilled Oil: Fire-Resistant Boom
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 brash ice—floating ice fragments less than 2 m across.
3.1.2 close pack ice—pack ice with concentration of 7/10 to 8/10. —pack ice with concentration of 7/10 to 8/10 (fraction of
a whole).
3.1.3 fast ice—ice attached to the shoreline.
3.1.4 fire-resistant boom (FR)—boom designed to contain burning oil.
3.1.5 fracture or lead—any break or rupture through very close pack ice, compact pack ice, fast ice, or a single floe.
3.1.6 frazil or grease ice—ice crystals forming on surface of water. —ice crystals forming on surface of water, ice, or melt
pools.
3.1.7 fresh oil—oil recently spilled, remaining un-weathered and un-emulsified.
3.1.8 ice coverage—a combination of ice pans, ice chunks, bergy bits covering 10 % to near 100 % coverage of water surface,
more accurately described using other terms in this section such as close pack ice, open water , and so forth.
3.1.9 in-situ-burning—burning of oil directly on the water surface.
3.1.10 melt pools—accumulations of melt water on the surface of ice during thawing.
3.1.11 open drift ice—ice concentration of 4/10 to 6/10.
3.1.12 open water—less than 1/10 ice concentration.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F20.15
on In-Situ Burning.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2002. Published February 2003.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F 2230 – 02.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2230–08
3.1.13 residue—the material, excluding airborne emissions, remaining after the oil stops burning.
3.1.14 rotten ice—sea ice that has become honeycombed and is disintegrating.
3.1.15 very close pack ice—pack ice with concentration of 9/10 to 10/10.
3.1.16 v
...
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