ASTM D942-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Lubricating Greases by the Oxygen Pressure Vessel Method
Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Lubricating Greases by the Oxygen Pressure Vessel Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method measures the net change in pressure resulting from consumption of oxygen by oxidation and gain in pressure due to formation of volatile oxidation by-products. This test method may be used for quality control to indicate batch-to-batch uniformity. It predicts neither the stability of greases under dynamic service conditions, nor the stability of greases stored in containers for long periods, nor the stability of films of greases on bearings and motor-parts. It should not be used to estimate the relative oxidation resistance of different grease types.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines resistance of lubricating greases to oxidation when stored statically in an oxygen atmosphere in a sealed system at an elevated temperature under conditions of test.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception—Pressure measurement appears in kPa with psi provided for information only.
1.2.2 Exception—In Fig. A1.1, A1.1, and Appendix X1, all dimensions are in millimeters, with inches provided in parentheses for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Sections 6 and 7.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D942 − 19
Designation: 142/85 (92)
Standard Test Method for
Oxidation Stability of Lubricating Greases by the Oxygen
1
Pressure Vessel Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D942; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method determines resistance of lubricating
A240/A240MSpecification for Chromium and Chromium-
greases to oxidation when stored statically in an oxygen
Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure
atmosphereinasealedsystematanelevatedtemperatureunder
Vessels and for General Applications
conditions of test.
D525Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (In-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
duction Period Method)
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
standard.
E2877Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
1.2.1 Exception—Pressure measurement appears in kPa
2.2 Other Standards:
with psi provided for information only.
3
IP Specification for Standard IP Thermometers
1.2.2 Exception—In Fig.A1.1, A1.1, and Appendix X1, all
4
BS 970:1983Part I, Section S
dimensions are in millimeters, with inches provided in paren-
theses for information only.
3. Summary of Test Method
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 The sample of grease is oxidized in a pressure vessel
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
heated to 99°C (210°F) and filled with oxygen at 758kPa
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
(110psi).Pressureisobservedandrecordedatstatedintervals.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
The degree of oxidation after a given period of time is
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
determined by the corresponding decrease in oxygen pressure.
For specific hazard statements see Sections 6 and 7.
NOTE 1—The pressure vessel has been referred to as “a bomb” in
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
previous issues of this test method.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
NOTE 2—The accepted unit of pressure is the pascal (Pa) for ASTM
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
methods and will be parenthetically included after the conventional
pound-force per square inch (psi) value.The Energy Institute uses the bar
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
as a pressure measurement. Conversion of units may be obtained as
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
follows:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
To convert from pound-force per square inch (psi) to pascal (Pa)
3
multiply by 6.894757×10 .
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
2
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Subcommittee D02.09.0E on Oxidation of Greases. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Committee. This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committee and the ASTM website.
3
acceptedbythecooperatingsocietiesinaccordancewiththeestablishedprocedures. Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.uk.
4
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D942–15. DOI: Available from British Standards Institute (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd.,
10.1520/D0942-19. London W4 4AL, U.K., http://www.bsi-global.com.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D942 − 19
To convert from pound-force per square inch (psi) to bar multiply by
(12) See Compressed Gas Association Booklets G-4 and
5
0.06894757.
G-4-1 for details of safe practice in the use of oxygen.)
5
To convert from bar to pascal (Pa) multiply b
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D942 − 15 D942 − 19
Designation: 142/85 (92)
Standard Test Method for
Oxidation Stability of Lubricating Greases by the Oxygen
1
Pressure Vessel Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D942; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method determines resistance of lubricating greases to oxidation when stored statically in an oxygen atmosphere
in a sealed system at an elevated temperature under conditions of test.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception—Pressure measurement appears in psikPa with kPapsi provided in parentheses for information only.
1.2.2 Exception—In Fig. A1.1, A1.1, and Appendix X1, all dimensions are in inches,millimeters, with millimetresinches
provided in parentheses for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Sections 6 and 7.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and
for General Applications
D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (Induction Period Method)
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E2877 Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
2.2 Other Standards:
3
IP Specification for Standard IP Thermometers
4
BS 970:1983 Part I, Section S
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The sample of grease is oxidized in a pressure vessel heated to 99 °C (210 °F) and filled with oxygen at 110 psi
(758 kPa).758 kPa (110 psi). Pressure is observed and recorded at stated intervals. The degree of oxidation after a given period of
time is determined by the corresponding decrease in oxygen pressure.
NOTE 1—The pressure vessel has been referred to as “a bomb” in previous issues of this test method.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.09.0E on Oxidation of Greases.
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee. This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committee and accepted by
the cooperating societies in accordance with the established procedures.
Current edition approved April 1, 2015Nov. 1, 2019. Published June 2015December 2019. Originally approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 20072015 as
D942 – 02 (2007).D942 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/D0942-15.10.1520/D0942-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR, U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.uk.
4
Available from British Standards Institute (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd., London W4 4AL, U.K., http://www.bsi-global.com.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D942 − 19
NOTE 2—The accepted unit of pressure is the pascal (Pa) for ASTM methods and will be parenthetically included after the conventional pound-force
per square inch (psi) value. The Energy Institute uses the bar as a pressure measurement. Conversion of units may be obtained as follows:
3
To convert from pound-force per square inc
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D942 − 19
Designation: 142/85 (92)
Standard Test Method for
Oxidation Stability of Lubricating Greases by the Oxygen
1
Pressure Vessel Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D942; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method determines resistance of lubricating 2.1 ASTM Standards:
greases to oxidation when stored statically in an oxygen A240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-
atmosphere in a sealed system at an elevated temperature under Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure
conditions of test. Vessels and for General Applications
D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (In-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
duction Period Method)
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
standard.
E2877 Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
1.2.1 Exception—Pressure measurement appears in kPa
2.2 Other Standards:
with psi provided for information only.
3
IP Specification for Standard IP Thermometers
1.2.2 Exception—In Fig. A1.1, A1.1, and Appendix X1, all
4
BS 970:1983 Part I, Section S
dimensions are in millimeters, with inches provided in paren-
theses for information only.
3. Summary of Test Method
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 The sample of grease is oxidized in a pressure vessel
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
heated to 99 °C (210 °F) and filled with oxygen at 758 kPa
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
(110 psi). Pressure is observed and recorded at stated intervals.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
The degree of oxidation after a given period of time is
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
determined by the corresponding decrease in oxygen pressure.
For specific hazard statements see Sections 6 and 7.
NOTE 1—The pressure vessel has been referred to as “a bomb” in
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
previous issues of this test method.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
NOTE 2—The accepted unit of pressure is the pascal (Pa) for ASTM
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
methods and will be parenthetically included after the conventional
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
pound-force per square inch (psi) value. The Energy Institute uses the bar
as a pressure measurement. Conversion of units may be obtained as
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
follows:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
To convert from pound-force per square inch (psi) to pascal (Pa)
3
multiply by 6.894757 × 10 .
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
2
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Subcommittee D02.09.0E on Oxidation of Greases. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Committee. This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committee and the ASTM website.
3
accepted by the cooperating societies in accordance with the established procedures. Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.uk.
4
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D942 – 15. DOI: Available from British Standards Institute (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd.,
10.1520/D0942-19. London W4 4AL, U.K., http://www.bsi-global.com.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D942 − 19
To convert from pound-force per square inch (psi) to bar multiply by
(12) See Compressed Gas Association Booklets G-4 and
5
0.06894757.
G-4-1 for details of safe practice in the use of oxygen.)
5
To convert from bar to pascal (Pa) multiply by 10 .
6.3 n-Heptane—(Warning—Flammable. Harmful if in-
haled. Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flame
...
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